OBJECTIVE: To extract effective constituent of Magnolia offcinalis and to identify its structure.METHODS: Ultrasound extraction was used to extract magnolol and honokiol from M.officinalis and the extracts were isolated using polyamide column chromatography.The content of magnolol and honokiol were determined using RP-HPLC.RESULTS: The optimal extractive condition was moderate ultrasonic,95% alcohol,8-fold solvent,extracting for three times,each time for 30 min.The extraction rates of phenols,magnolol and honokiol were 1.92%,1.26% and 0.66%,respectively.Honokiol was obtained by polyamide column chromatography.CONCLUSION: The method is simple,stable and supply reference for the extraction and identification of M.officinalis.

This study investigated the feasibility and effects of organ bath to be used for detection of bronchial function of non-heart-beating donor (NHBD) lung after 1-h warm ischemia. Sixteen Swedish pigs were divided into two groups randomly: heart-beating donor (HBD) group and NHBD with 1-h warm ischemia (NHBD-1 h) group. The bronchial rings whose lengths and inner diameters were both 1.5 mm were obtained from isolated left lungs of all the pigs. Acetylcholine, arachidonic acid natrium and papaverine were used to test and compare the contractile and relaxant function of bronchial smooth muscles and epithelium-dependent relaxation (EpiDR) response between HBD and NHBD-1 h groups. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the values of bronchial precontraction between HBD and NHBD-1 h groups (5.18+/-0.07 vs 5.10+/-0.11 mN, P>0.05). No significant difference in the values of EpiDR responses between HBD and NHBD-1 h groups (1.26+/-0.05 vs 1.23+/-0.07 mN, P>0.05) was observed either. During the process of EpiDR induction, the rings had no spontaneous relaxation in two groups. In addition, papaverine solution completely relaxed the bronchial smooth muscles of all bronchial rings. It was concluded that after warm ischemia for 1 h, the contractile and relaxant abilities of bronchial smooth muscles, and the epithelium-dependent adjustment both kept intact. Organ bath model could be a liable and scientific way to evaluate the bronchial function of NHBD lung.
Biological Factors/metabolism ; Bronchi/metabolism ; Bronchi/*physiology ; Heart Arrest/*metabolism ; Heart Arrest/physiopathology ; Lung Transplantation ; Models, Biological ; Muscle Relaxation/physiology ; Organ Preservation/*methods ; Random Allocation ; Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control ; Swine ; Tissue and Organ Procurement ; Warm Ischemia/*methods

Objective: To investigate a moderate dose of levobupivacaine in spinal anesthesia for caesarean section.Methods: Eighty parturients undergoing caesarean section were randomly divided into 4 groups: GroupⅠ(0.75% levobupivacaine 1.00ml+10% glucose 1.00ml+cerebrospinal fluid 1.00ml),GroupⅡ(0.75% levobupivacaine 1.33ml+10% glucose 1.00ml+ cerebrospinal fluid 0.67ml),Group Ⅲ(0.75% levobupivacaine 1.67ml+10% glucose 1.00ml+ cerebrospinal fluid 0.33ml) and Group Ⅳ(0.75% levobupivacaine 2.00ml+10% glucose 1.00ml).The spinal puncture sites were all located at L_2,3.The onset time of sensation block,the highest plane of analgesia,the time to reach the highest plane of analgesia,the time of regression to the L_1 segment,the degree of motor block,VAS scores,the degree of muscle relaxation,the rate of hypotension incidents and neonatal Apgar scores were recorded. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the onset time of sensation block,the time to reach the highest plane of analgesia and the highest plane of analgesia among the 4 groups.But the durations of regression to the L_1 segment were dramatically shorter in GroupⅠand Ⅱthan in Group Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P

Objective To research and construct dynamic electrocardiograph (ECG) simulation model/algorithm to simulate different kinds of clinical ECG,where the heart rate can be infinitely variable,and to develop one platform for fast-demo and analysis of theoretical wave based on this algorithm which can be implemented in ECG training and teaching. Methods According to different characteristics decoupled one complete ECG wave to 4 parts,including P-wave,PR-section,QT -wave and TP -section. P -wave and QT -wave database were set up accordingly to find the relationship algorithm between PR-section and heart rate,TP-section and heart rate. With the synthesis work of the algorithm and clinical diagnosis theory,ECG simulation mathematical model /algorithm,dynamic link library.(dll) and software interface were developed by C++. Results Through comparing the ECG simulation results with clinical samples,the veracity and validity of the mathematical model/algorithm was verified. Conclusion The software module based on this model/algorithm is very valuable for ECG training and teaching in clinic,and can be implemented in the development of more advanced ECG relative software and devices.

Objective To establish an animal model of annulus fibrosus (AF) partial defect for the repairing of interver?tebral disc (IVD) defect. Methods Image J 1.46r software was used to measure the T12/L1-L6/S1 intervertebral height in ovine lumbar spine X-ray films. AF thickness was measured by axial split disc. A 11 blade was used to make a trapezoid de?fect of upper bottom 3 mm, lower bottom 5 mm, height 5 mm and thickness 3 mm, whose lower bottom toward the nucleus pulposus (NP) in the left front of ovine lumbar IVD in vitro. The minimally invasive lateral approach was used to make the same type of trapezoid defect in the left front of the ovine lumbar IVD in vivo. The trapezoidal defect length of the axial divid?ing disc was measured, AF and a small amount of NP from trapezoidal defect in IVD were weighed, and the production of trapezoidal defect in IVD was evaluated. Results The lumbar intervertebral space height of ovine was (4.45 ± 0.28) mm. There were significant differences in the thickness of AF (4.08±0.50) mm , thickness (3 mm) and height (5 mm) of trapezoidal defect (P<0.05), respectively. There were no significant differences in trapezoidal defects in ovine lumbar IVD in vitro on the upper bottom (3.03 ± 0.09)mm, the lower bottom (5.03 ± 0.09) mm, the height (4.97 ± 0.10) mm, the thickness(3.02 ± 0.06) mm and the trapezoidal defect predetermined value on the upper bottom 3 mm, the lower bottom 5 mm, the height 5 mm and the thickness 3 mm (P>0. 05). The weights of the AF and NP taken out from ovine lumbar IVD in vitro and in vivo were (0.162 ± 0.011) g and (0.166 ± 0.014) g, and there was no significant difference between them (P > 0.05). Conclusion Through the operation of minimally invasive lateral approach, the method of making a trapezoidal defect in the experiments can establish animal model of AF partial defect, which meets the requirements for the repairing of IVD defect, and is simple, safe and reliable.

laxant abilities of bronchial smooth muscles, and the epithe-lium-dependent adjustment both kept intact. Organ bath model could be a liable and scientific way to evaluate the bronchial function of NHBD lung.

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of asiatic acid (AA) on blood-retinal barrier (BRB) in diabetic rats and its possible mechanism.Methods:Ninety-six healthy 8-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, diabetes group, low-dose AA group and high-dose AA group, with 24 rats in each group.Intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ) was used to establish diabetes model.One month after the establishment of the model, the low-dose AA group and the high-dose AA group were given intragastrical administration of 37.5 mg/kg AA and 75.0 mg/kg AA, respectively, once a day according to grouping.The normal control group and the diabetes group were administrated with the same amount of 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.The body weight of the rats were weighted at week 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 after intragastrical administration.Blood was taken from the tail vein and the blood glucose level was measured.The retina was obtained one month following the administration.Pathological changes of the rats retina were detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.Evan's blue quantitative method was used to detect the damage of blood-retinal barrier (BRB). Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the distribution of Occludin, Notch1, Jagged canonical Notch ligand 1 (JAG1) and Delta like canonical Notch ligand 4 (DLL4) in retina.The mRNA and protein expressive levels of Occludin, Notch1, JAG1 and DLL4 were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blot.The study protocol was approved by a Scientific Research and Clinical Trial Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (No.2020-KY-228). The use and care of animals complied with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of National Institutes of Health and the 3R rules.Results:At 4 weeks after intragastrical administration, the body weight of the high-dose AA group was significantly higher than that of the diabetes group, and the blood glucose values were significantly lower in the high-dose AA group and the low-dose AA group in comparison with the diabetes group (all at P<0.05). The cells were arranged orderly with clear layered structure in the normal control group.In the diabetes group, the retina was thicker than that of the normal control group, with a thicker outer nuclear layer, disordered cell arrangement and unclear layered structure.Compared with the diabetes group, the total retinal thickness and structure were obviously improved in the low-dose AA group and the high-dose AA group.Evan's blue leakage in retina was (3.07±1.30), (13.73±3.88), (9.57±2.69) and (6.55±1.61)ng/mg in the normal control group, the diabetes group, the low-dose AA group and the high-dose AA group, respectively.There was a significant difference in leakage of Evan's blue among the four groups ( F=18.50, P<0.01), among which the leakage of Evan's blue dye in the high-dose AA group was significantly lower than that of the diabetes group ( P<0.01). Compared with the diabetes group, there was significantly higher relative expression level of Occludin protein and significantly lower relative expression levels of Notch1, JAG1 and DLL4 proteins in the other three groups (all at P<0.05). The relative expression level of Occludin protein was significantly higher and the relative expression levels of Notch1, JAG1 and DLL4 proteins were significantly lower in the high-dose AA group than those in the low-dose AA group (all at P<0.05). Compared with the normal control group, the Occludin mRNA expression level was significantly decreased and the expression levels of Notch1, JAG1 and DLL4 mRNA were significantly increased in the diabetes group and low-dose AA group (all at P<0.01). The Occludin mRNA expression level was higher and the Notch1 mRNA expression level was lower in the high-dose AA group than those in the diabetes group and the low-dose AA group, and the expression levels of JAG1 and DLL4 mRNA were lower in the high-dose AA group in comparison with the diabetes group, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:Asiatic acid might play a protective role on BRB in diabetic rats by inhibiting Notch1 signaling pathway.

Background: Enteritis is one of the most frequently reported symptoms in piglets infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), but the immunopathogenesis has not been reported. Objectives: This study examined the effect of a PCV2 infection on the intestinal mucosal immune function through morphological observations and immune-related molecular detection. Methods: Morphological changes within the ileum of piglets during a PCV2 infection were observed. The expression of the related-molecules was analyzed using a gene chip. The immunocyte subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. The secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) content was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The PCV2 infection caused ileal villus damage, intestinal epithelial cells exfoliation, and an increase in lymphocytes in the lamina propria at 21 days post-infection.Differentially expressed genes occurred in the defense response, inflammatory response, and the complement and coagulation cascade reactions. Most of them were downregulated significantly at the induction site and upregulated at the effector site. The genes associated with SIgA production were downregulated significantly at the induction site. In contrast, the expression of the Toll-like receptor-related genes was upregulated significantly at the effector site. The frequencies of dendritic cells, B cells, and CD8 + T cells were upregulated at the 2 sites. The SIgA content decreased significantly in the ileal mucosa. Conclusions PCV2 infections can cause damage to the ileum that is associated with changes in immune-related gene expression, immune-related cell subsets, and SIgA production.These findings elucidated the molecular changes in the ileum after a PCV2 infection from the perspective of intestinal mucosal immunity, which provides insights into a further study for PCV2-induced enteritis.

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of reduced port laparoscopic radical resection on colorectal cancer. Methods: Clinical data of 46 patients with colorectal cancer undergoing reduced port laparoscopic radical resection were retrospectively analyzed. Results: All of 46 patients underwent laparoscopic surgery, with an average operation time of 206 minutes, an average intraoperative bleeding of 56 ml, an average number of lymph nodes removement of 12/case (ranged from 6 to 21). One case had incision infection, 2 cases had anastomotic leakage, and they all recovered and discharged after treatment. Conclusions Reduced port laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer is safe and feasible, reduces labor costs, and has a good clinical efficacy, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective:To analyze survival in patients with advanced oral cancer from prospective clinical trials. Methods:From 2008 to 2010, 256 patients with oral cancer at clinical stage III/IVA were randomly categorized into two groups. Patients in the experi-mental group received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, surgery, and post-operative radiation, and patients in the control group underwent surgery and post-operative radiation. All patients were routinely followed-up after treatments. Survival was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test, and differences were considered statistically significant at P value lower than 0.05. Results: Each group was composed of 128 patients. With the median follow-up period of 60 months, the 5-year overall survival rate was 61.7%and the disease-free survival rate was 53.9%. The overall survival rate (P=0.350) and the disease-free survival rate (P=0.160) were not sig-nificantly different between the experimental and control groups. Patients with positive pathological response to neo-adjuvant chemo-therapy exhibited significantly improved overall survival (P＜0.05). Conclusion:Radical surgery should be emphasized to improve the prognosis of oral cancer. Functional reconstruction could also improve the quality of life and survival of patients. Despite that neo-adju-vant chemotherapy could not improve the survival of patients with advanced oral cancer in entirety, it could benefit patients exhibiting positive treatment responses.