Objective To study the early diagnostic value of olfactory function measurement to Alzheimer disease (AD). Method Detected the thresholds of detectability, identification threshold with pictu.re-based odor identification test in 21 AD patients (AD group) and 21 healthy elderly people (control group), and evaluated the relationship with mini-mental state examination (MMSE). Results AD group was impaired on threshglds of detectability [(1.81±0.75) scores], identification threshold [(2.48±0.68) scores]compared with control group [(1.24±0.89) scores and (2.00±0.71) scores, P< 0.05]. The thres holds of detectability and identification threshold were related to MMSE in AD group (r =-0.50,-0.54, P< 0.01). Conclusion The early diagnostic value of olfactory function measurement to AD is very great.

Objective To investigate the abnormalities of brain gray matter volume in patients with clinically-confirmed essential tremor (ET)of the hands only.Methods We analyzed brain gray matter voxel of 1 7 patients (younger than 55 years)with ET of the hands only and 1 7 healthy controls matched in age,gender and education by optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM).Results VBM showed marked expansion of the bilateral cerebella, occipital fusiform cortices,and precentral lobes (P uncorrected < 0.005 )in ET patients compared with the controls. Atrophy was only detected in left parietal lobe.We also found volume enlargement in the thalamus,midbrain,and melluda of the left side by region of interest (ROI )analysis (P uncorrected <0.005).Conclusion Patients with arm tremor show expansion of gray matter,which might represent the adaptive reorganizational compensation through the increased demand on the visuospatial control of skilled movements in ET patients with early-stage arm tremor. These morphological changes may help to assess early stage and distinguish subtype of ET.

Objective To investigate the apoptosis-inducing effect of L-gossypol on human nasopharyngesl carcinoma cell line CNE2 and its possible mechanism.Methods The effect of L-gossypol on proliferation of CNE2 cells was estimated by MTT assay.Flow cytometry was used to analyz cell apoptosis induced by(-)-gossypol and the expression of Bcl-2 、Bax proteins.Caspase-3 activity was determined by caspase-3 colorimetric assay kit.Results Lgossypol was able to inhibit the proliferation of CNE2 cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent fashion at concentrations more than 10 μmoL/L.L-gossypol regulated cell cycle and GO/G1 arrest could be observed in CNE2 cells.In the process of apoptosis,the expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated and Bax was up-regulated,caspase-3 activity was in peak at 24h.Conclusion L-gossypol could induce apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2 in vitro,which may be associated with down-regulation of Bcl-2,up-regulation of Bax genes expression and caspase-3 activation.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of oral placement therapy (OPT) on managing sialorrhea after stroke.Methods A total of 37 stroke inpatients with sialorrhea were enrolled from January 2011 to September 2013 in the authors' department for the study and divided into 2 group on the basis of the time of enrollment.The control group (n =18) received 30min of routine treatment (including such neuromuscular facilitation techniques as Bobath and Rood techniques,motor relearning program,neuromuscular electrical stimulation and ice stimulation),twice daily,and the treatment group (n =19) received 15 min of routine treatment plus 15 min of OPT,twice daily.Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment was used to evaluate the sialorrhea severity and clinical efficacy before and 1,2 and 4 weeks after initiation of treatment.Results Sialorrhea symptom was significantly improved in treatment group after 1 week (P ＜ 0.05),while no significant improvement was observed in control group (P ＞ 0.05).After 2 and 4 weeks of treatments,significant improvements of sialorrhea were noted in both groups.After 1,2 and 4weeks of treatment,the total effective rate were 63.16％,94.74％ and 94.74％,respectively,in the treatment group,versus 5.88％,61.11％ and 61.11％,respectively,in the control group.The total effective rate of the treatment group were significantly higher in the above three time-points than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Oral placement therapy can improve sialorrhea symptom after stroke more effectively than routine treatment.

Objective To analyze the prevalence,co-prevalence of cardiovascular metabolic (CM) risk factors in women aged 15-49 years in China,and describe the influence of social economic factors on them.Methods The project data of Nutritional Status and Health Transition of Chinese Residents in 2015 were used.The changes in epidemiological characteristics of central obesity,elevated blood pressure,FPG and TG,decreased HDL-C and co-prevalence of the risk factors in women aged 15-49 years were analyzed.According to the definition of the metabolic syndrome released by the International Diabetes Federation in 2005,five cardio-metabolic risk factors appeared as central obesity,increased triglycerides,decreased HDL-C,increased blood pressure and increased plasma glucose.Co-prevalence of risk factors was defined as detecting 2 or more risk factors in a person at the same time.Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic factors and metabolic risk factors.Results In 2015,in women aged 15-49 years in 15 provinces,the detection number (rates) of central obesity,elevated blood pressure,FPG and TG,decreased HDL-C,at least one CM risk factor and co-detection rate of CM risk factors were 944 (47.4％),464 (23.3％),123 (6.2％),327 (16.4％),1 025 (51.5％),1 501 (75.4％),and 874 (43.9％),respectively.Compared with women aged 15-19 years,the women in age group of 25-,30-,35-,40-,and 45-49 years were more likely to have central obesity (P＜0.05),the women in age group of 30-35-,40-,and 45-49 years were more likely to have elevated blood pressure (P＜0.05),the women aged 45-49 years were more likely to be affected by one or more CM risk factors (P＜0.05),but the women in age group 25-29 years group had lower risk for elevated FPG (P＜0.05).The odds of having central obesity,elevated blood pressure,FPG and TG,decreased HDL-C,at least one CM risk factor and co-prevalence of CM risk factors in women with BMI≥24.0 kg/m2 were 14.16,3.05,2.46,2.49,2.42,9.79 and 7.39 times higher than those in the women with BMI of 18.5-24.0 kg/m2,respectively.The odds of having elevated FPG and TG in women aged 15-49 years in western China and the odds of having elevated blood pressure and FPG in women aged 15-49 years in eastern China were significantly higher than those in central China.No significant correlations were found between the prevalence and co-prevalence of CM risk factors and income level or urban and rural area residences in women aged 15-49 years.Conclusions Age,BMI level and living area were the major influencing CM risk factors.The precise prevention and control measures should be taken in time for the adverse changes in CM risk factor prevalence.

This study examined the incidence, neuropsychological characteristics and risk factors of cognitive impairment 3 months after stroke in China. Five regions that differed in geography and economy in China were selected. Patients from the hospitals located in the five regions were prescreened at admission, and the demographic data, vascular risk factors and clinical characteristics of stroke were obtained. A battery of cognitive-specific domain tests was performed in the patients who failed to pass cognitive screening 3 months post stroke. Patients were diagnosed as having post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) or no cognitive impairment (NCI) based on the results of the neuropsychological tests. Univariate analysis was performed for suspect risk factors, and significant variables were entered in multivariable logistic regression analysis. Our results showed that a total of 633 patients were recruited 3 months after stroke; complete cognitive tests were performed in 577 of the stroke patients. The incidence of PSCI in these Chinese patients was 30.7%. There were 129 (22.4%) patients with visuospatial impairment, 67 (11.6%) with executive impairment, 60 (10.4%) with memory impairment and 18 (3.1%) with attention impairment. The risk factors associated with PSCI were older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-2.58), low education level (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.65-3.64), depressive symptom (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.09-2.61), obesity (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.41-4.71), stroke severity 3 months post stroke (OR 1.62, 95%CI 1.10-2.37) and cortex lesion (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.04-2.31). It was concluded that PSCI occurs commonly 3 months after first-ever stroke in Chinese patients. Visuospatial ability may be the most frequently impaired cognitive domain for the patients with stroke. The critical risk factors of PSCI are older age, low education level, depressive symptom, obesity, stroke severity 3 months post stroke and cortex lesion.

Background: Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has been regarded as a new tumor biomarker in recent years, but studies on effect of lncRNA in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer is limited. Aims: To investigate the relationship between the changes of lncRNA and clinicopathologic features, prognosis of colorectal cancer. Methods: LncRNA related to the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients collected from TCGA data were screened by Cox analysis, and the correlation between lncRNA and clinicopathologic features was analyzed. Colorectal cancer cell line stably low-expressed with LINC00327 was constructed. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect gene expression, cell proliferation was measured by CCK-8 assay, and cell invasion was determined by Transwell experiment. Results: There were 94 lncRNA that varied in frequency between 5% and 31%, 7 of which with mRNA expression changes (DSCR4A, DSCR8, FAM138F, LINC00161, LINC00303, LINC00313, LINC00315) were associated with low overall survival rate; 6 of which with copy number alteration (LINC00327, LINC00352, LINC00362, LINC00424, LINC00566, LINC00621) were related to tumor recurrence. The above mentioned mRNA expression change was significantly correlated with age and lymph node metastasis. Copy number alteration was closely correlated with clinical stage and vascular infiltration. The down-regulation of LINC00327 could inhibit the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells. Conclusions: LncRNA that related to the prognosis and clinicopathologic features of colorectal cancer patients can be used for early diagnosis, prediction of progression and analysis of prognosis of colorectal cancer. LINC00327 may be considered as a potential oncogene.

Objective To investigate the differences in health empowerment,perceived control and experiential avoidance between patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)with type D personality and non-type D personality. Methods From January to October,2022,using the convenient sampling method,a questionnaire survey was conducted on 195 patients with CHD from Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University.Assessment tools in-cluded Type D Personality Scale,Chinese Version of Patient Perception Empowerment Scale(CV-PPES),Con-trol Attitudes Scale-Revised(CAS-R)and Acceptance Action Questionnaire-Ⅱ(AAQ-Ⅱ). Results A total of 185 effective questionnaires were returned,and 68 patients with type D personality.Compared with the patients with non-type D personality,the scores of negative affectivity and social inhibition were higher(|t|＞9.783,P＜0.001),the total score of CV-PPES and the scores of four dimensions(information,decision,individu-al and self-management)were lower(t＞5.843,P＜0.001),the score of CAS-R was lower(t=2.858,P=0.005),and the score of AAQ-Ⅱ was higher(t=-9.414,P＜0.001)in CHD patients with type D personality. Conclusion Compared with non-D-type patients,CHD patients with D-type personality exhibit lower levels of health empowerment and perceived control,and higher level of experiential avoidance,which may negatively impact on health behaviors.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of auditory verbal learning test-Huashan version(AVLT-H)of memo-ry impairment in patients with subjective cognitive decline(SCD)and mild cognitive impairment(MCI). Method:According to the inclusion criteria,the recruited elderly were screened and divided into three groups:normal cognition(NC),SCD and MCI group.The neuropsychological tests including mini-mental state exami-nation(MMSE),Montreal cognitive assessment-Beijing version(MOCA-BJ)and AVLT-H were completed af-ter inclusion.The scores of MMSE,MoCA-B,AVLT-N2,N3,N4,N5,N6 and N7 were recorded and analyzed. Result:There were significant differences in the scores of MMSE,MoCA and AVLT-H among the three groups(P＜0.0167).The adjusted Bonferroni test was used to detect significant differences in post-hoc comparison.There were significant difference in MMSE and MoCA scores between SCD and NC(P＜0.001)and between MCI and NC(P＜0.001).However,no significant difference between MCI and SCD was found.There were sig-nificant difference in N1 score between MCI and NC(P=0.013)and between MCI and SCD(P=0.001),but there was no significant difference between SCD and NC.There were significant difference in AVLT-N2,N3,N4,N5,N6 and N7 scores between MCI and NC(P＜0.001)and between MCI and SCD(P＜0.001),but there was no significant difference between SCD and NC.The area under the curve of MMSE,MoCA and AVLT-H scores were examined using NC group and SCD group as state variables,respectively.For differentiat-ing MCI and SCD,eAVLT-H scores had a larger area under the curve with higher sensitivity and specificity,N1 and N7 had the highest sensitivity.For distinguishing MCI from NC,AVLT-H and MoCA scores had a larger area under the curve with higher sensitivity and specificity,N4,N6 and N7 had the highest sensitivity. Conclusion:AVLT-H,combined with MMSE and MoCA,can improve the defining diagnostic sensitivity of MCI and SCD from normal cognition.It is recommended to routinely use AVLT-H in a routine assessment for MCI and SCD patients.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)on sleep disorder in patients with Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods From July 2021 to July 2023,patients with PD and sleep disorders in the Department of Neurosurgery of the Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province were selected.The enrolled patients were divided into sham stimulation group(n=28)and true stimulation group(tDCS)(n=29)according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.MDS-UPDRS,PDSS and other rating scales were used to evaluate the patients.Before and after tDCS treatment,MS-11 was used for intelligent sleep monitor-ing.The baseline and improvement of sleep disorders in the two groups before and after treatment were analyzed.Results Before tDCS treatment,there was no significant difference in general conditions and scale scores between the two groups(P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in polysomnographic monitoring results between the two groups before treatment(P＞0.05).Compared with pre-treatment,there was no significant difference in sleep monitoring results in the sham stimulation group(P＞0.05),while the sleep duration and sleep efficiency signifi-cantly increased,the nighttime awakening duration,nighttime awakening frequency,MDS-UPDRS-Ⅲ score,and LEDD dose significantly decreased in the true stimulation group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).Conclusion Pharmacological treatment combined with tDCS treatment is effective for sleep disorders and motor function in patients with PD,which could increase the sleep duration and sleep efficiency of PD patients with sleep disorders to a certain extent,reduce the nighttime awakening duration and frequency,thereby improving the fatigue symp-toms during the daytime,and improving the efficacy of conventional pharmacological treatment for PD.