Objective Pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 ( PDX-1) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of diabetes.More importantly,its potential application in insulin resistance (IR) improvement is attracting further attention .Berberine has been shown to improve glucose metabolism and insulin resistance .In this study,rat models of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM) were established by combination of intraperitoneal injection of low -dose streptozotocin and highg-lucose-high-fat diet induction .The effect of berberine on fasting glucose , fasting serum insulin , homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( HOMAI-R) , and ex-pression of PDX -1 of islet in T2DM rats were analyzed .The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic efficacy of berberine and study the mechanism of its preliminary therapeutic effects .Methods Twenty healthy adult male Sprague Dawley ( SD) rats were di-vided by random number table into the normal control group ( n =6) feeding with a standard diet ,and the experimental group ( n =14 ) given an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin .The rats with fasting blood glucose ( FBG) greater than 13.8 mmol/L were ran-domly divided into diabetes mellitus group feeding high sugar high fat diet for two weeks and then continuing with a standard diet , and the berberine group given berberine [180 mg /(kg· d)] every day.The normal control group and diabetes mellitus group were given physiological saline for every day 6 weeks.At the end of 6th week, the rats were executed , and the levels of fasting glucose, fasting se-rum insulin, HOMA-IR, and expression of PDX-1 in pancreas islet of each group were detected .The expression of PDX1-in pancreas islet was examined by immunohistochemistry .The image pro plus 6.0software was used to calculate the integrated optical density ( IOD) of positive expression .Results Compared with the normal control group , FBG, fasting insulin levels ( FINS) , and HOMA-IR of the diabetes mellitus group and berberine group were significantly increased ( P <0.05 ) .Compared with the diabetes mellitus group, FBG, FINS, and HOMA-IR of the berberine group were statistically significantly decreased [ ( 13.11 ±6.87 ) mmol/L vs (18.45 ±4.69) mmol L/, (2.58 ±0.34) μIU/ml vs (2.98 ±0.40) μIU/ml, 1.60 ±0.91 vs 2.75 ±0.28, P <0.05].Compared with the normal control group , the expression of PDX-1 of the islet in the diabetes mellitus group and berberine group was statistically significantly decreased ( P <0.05).After treatment with berberine, FBG, FINS, HOMA-IR, and IOD of PDX-1 in pancreas islet of berberine treatment rats were significantly increased compared with the diabetes mellitus group ( 9.14 ±1.51 vs 6.79 ±0.98 , P <0.01 ) .Conclusions The increases of PDX-1 in islet may be one of the mechanism in the improvement of hyperglycemia .

[Objective] The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of membrane estrogen receptor (mER) mediated pathway in the proliferation and apoptosis of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). [Methods] Bone marrow (BM)-derived EPCs were cultured. The cells were divided into different groups, plus or not plus estrogen receptor blocker (ICI 182,780), PI3K inhibitors (LY294002), and NOS inhibitor (L-NAME) to show the effect of E_2-BSA on EPCs. The proliferation of EPCs was determined by MTT and nitric oxide (NO) release was measured by chromatometry. Apoptotic cell death was determined using the Hochest 33258 staining. The expression of phosphorylated eNOS (p-eNOS) were detected by Western blot. [Results] E_2-BSA could increase EPCs proliferation, and this effect was inhibited by estrogen receptor blocker ICI 182,780, thus indicated that mER-initiated membrane signaling pathways were involved in the action of estrogen on EPCs. E_2-BSA increased nitric oxide production and inhibited apoptosis induced by serum withdrawal, and this effect also inhibited by PI3K inhibitor (LY294002), NOS inhibitor (L-NAME)and estrogen receptor blocker(ICI 182,780), thus indicated that PI3K/Akt/NO pathway was involved the effect of estrogen on EPCs apoptosis. Moreover, E_2-BSA treatment increased phosphorylation of eNOS (p-eNOS). PI3K inhibitors (LY294002) also blocked these effects. [Conclusions] The results of present study suggested that mER mediated EPCs proliferation and apoptosis were related to the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway.

Objective To understand psychiatry hospital nurse' s self-compassion situation, explore the influencing factors, for nursing managers to know about the clinical nurses psychological health and to provide a reference data of intervention to improve the level of self-compassion. Methods A total of 381 clinical nurses from the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital) completed the survey using the questionnaire including the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and general information questionnaire. The influence factors were analyzed by chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis. Results The total score of SCS was (85.43 ± 10.23) points in 381 clinical nurses with the medium level, which was less than that of other nurse group (109.21±9.76) points, and there was significant difference(t=-45.388, P < 0.01).The Logistic regression analysis showed that female and working in the psychiatric ward were the risk factors of self compassion(OR=1.772, 1.995, P<0.05 or 0.01). While on the night shift was the protective factor(OR=0.536, P < 0.01). Conclusions Psychiatric hospital nurse' s self-compassion is at medium level. When the nurses cope with the negative events may lack adjustment method. Nursing managers should pay attention to train the ability of the nurse individual self-compassion, targeted to carry out active intervention measures.

Objective To observe the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of podocyte induced by high glucose,and to explore the potential protective mechanism of ursolic acid (UA).Methods The podocytes cultured in vitro were divided into four groups:normal group (glucose 5.5 mmol/L),mannitol group (glucose 5.5 mmol/L+mannitol 19.5 mmol/L),high glucose group (glucose 25 mmol/L) and UA group (glucose 25 mmol/L + UA 5 μmol/L).Podocyte morphology changes were observed by inverted phase contract microscope.The expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were detected by immunofluorescence.The expressions of β-catenin and glycogen synthesis kinase-3β (GSK3β) were detected by Western blotting.The expressions of Wnt1,Wnt3a,Wnt5a,Wnt5b and GSK3β were detected by real-time PCR.Results Podocytes showed irregular arborization shape in normal glucose and transited to longer cobblestone-like shape as mesenchyme cell by high glucose culture.Compared with normal group,the expression of ZO-1 protein was down-regulated and the expression of α-SMA was up-regulated by high glucose culture (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of Wnt5a mRNA was down-regulated;β-catenin mRNA and protein were up-regulated (P ＜ 0.05);and GSK3β protein was down-regulated by high glucose culture (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with high glucose group,ursolic acid inhibited podocyte EMT,up-regulated the expression of ZO-1 protein,Wnt5a mRNA,GSK3β (P ＜ 0.05),and down-regulated the expressions of α-SMA protein,β-catenin mRNA and protein (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ursolic acid attenuates high glucose induced epithelial mesenchymal transition of podocyte by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

AIM: To construct a recombinant hEGF-hbFGF(78-154aa)fusion protein, which not only has the heparin-binding ability, but also promotes the growth of the cells, and to express the fusion protein in E. coli expression system with high expression level.METHODS: hEGF gene was joined with 231 bp fragment coding hbFGF(78-154aa) and expressed in E. coli. The fusion protein was purified using affinity chromatography of heparin-Hyper D and analyzed with western blot. The pI value and the biological activity were both assayed.RESULTS: The fusion protein was expressed in a high expression level of about 30% of the total cell protein, as estimated by SDS-PAGE. Western analysis results showed that the antigenicity of fusion protein was similar to hEGF. Fusion protein could not only bind heparin but also promote the growth of 3T3 cell. The pI value of fusion protein was 5.2.CONCLUSION: The recombinant hEGF-hbFGF(78-154aa) fusion protein possessed the characteristics of both hEGF and hbFGF. This new-designed protein would become a good object for the research on the relationship between the structure and the function of the growth factor.

Objective To set up the electrochemical determination method for puerarin in Radix Puerariae.Methods The electrochemical behavior and content determination of puerarin were investigated by using coulomb array detector.Results In phosphate buffer with PH 4.32,puerarin showed good linearity in the range of 0.16 ng～ 162 ng.The regression equation was A=1444.7C+ 88.635,r=0.9998(n=7),the average recovery was 96.88 %,and RSD was 0.08 %.Conclusion This method is simple and rapid,and the result is accurate and reliable.It can be used for the determination of puerarin content and biological samples.

Objective Study the drug resistance trend of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) based on polynomial regression equation to provide reference for clinical medication.Methods A total of 3496 clinical isolates of H.pylori collected from 2007 to 2012 were used for drug sensitivity test of six common-used drugs to evaluate the resistance rate of each drug.Correlation analysis were performed on each of the two drugs.Constructed log curve,exponential curve,inverted exponential curve,polynomial curve and sigmoid curve for each kind of drug resistance rate and did regression analysis for each drug resistance rate.Results According to the results of drug sensitivity test from 2007 to 2012,amoxicillin,furazolidone and gentamicin had strong antibacterial activity to H.pylori and got a lower drug resistance rate.The resistance rate of levofloxacin and clarithromycin were increasing year by year and the resistance of metronidazole had been maintained at a high level.The predictive drug resistance rate of clarithromycin,metronidazole,levofloxacin,amoxycillin,gentamicin and furaxone in 2013 were 21.49％,95.47％,20.70％,0.10％,0.09％ and 0.10％,respectively.The results were consistent with those of H.pylori infection rate in Southeast China performed by Jianzhong Zhang.Conclusion A certain quantitative relationship exists between the time and the helicobacter resistance rate.The established model can be used to predict the future trend of H.pylori resistance rate.It can be used to guide clinical rotation,the restriction of the use of antibiotics,and to reduce the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

Objective To investigate the underlying mechanism of ursolic acid in attenuating diabetic mesangial cells injury induced by high glucose (HG).Methods Rat glomerular mesangial cells were cultured in normal glucose,HG,HG with LY294002 and HG with ursolic acid.The cell proliferation and hypertrophy were detected by MTT and the ratio of total protein content to cell number.miRNA-21 was detected by quantitative real-time PCR.The PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway,autophagy associated protein and collagen I were detected by Western blotting and quantitative realtime PCR.The autophagosomes were observed by electron microscope.Results Compared with normal control group,the cells exposed to HG showed up-regulating miRNA-21 expression(P ＜ 0.01),down-regulating PTEN protein and mRNA expression(P ＜ 0.01),up-regulating p85PI3K,phospho(p)-Akt,p-mTOR,p62/SQSTMI,collagen I expressions and down-regulating LC3II expression(P ＜ 0.01).Ursolic acid and LY294002 inhibited HG-induced mesangial cell hypertrophy and proliferation(P < 0.01),down -regulated the expressions of p85Pl3K,p-Akt,p-mTOR,p62/SQSTMI and collagen I and up-regulated the expression of LC3II(P ＜ 0.01).But LY294002 had no effect on the expression of miRNA-21 and PTEN.Ursolic acid down-regulated miRNA-21 expression(P ＜ 0.01),up-regulated PTEN protein and mRNA expression(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Ursolic acid may inhibit high glucose-induced mesangial cell miRNA-21 overexpression,up-regulate PTEN,inhibit the activation of PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway and the enhanced autophagy to reduce the accumulation of extracellular matrix and ameliorate cell hypertrophy and proliferation.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has been emerged as a major breakthrough in tumor immunotherapy, but its unique mechanism of action has also led to a number of immune-related adverse events (irAE). Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the rarest irAEs. This paper reports a case of advanced malignant liver tumor-induced T1DM who received second-line anti-PD-1 therapy and showed initial symptoms of hyperosmolar coma and hyperglycemia. In addition, the relevant literature at home and abroad was collected and reviewed, and the clinical characteristics of T1DM induced by anti-PD-1 therapy were summarized with a view to achieve early detection, diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of glycyrrhetinic acid on cough variant asthma (CVA) mice based on molecular docking technique; To explore the possibility of its treatment for cough variant asthma.Methods:The software of Autodock Vina was used for molecular docking. The mice were divided into control group, model group, prednisone acetate group, glycyrrhetinic acid high-, medium-, and low-dosage groups according to the random number table method, with 8 mice in each group. Except for the blank control group, all other groups were induced by egg protein to establish cough variant asthma models. Glycyrrhetinic acid high-, medium-, and low-dosage groups were orally administered glycyrrhetinic acid suspension at 20, 10, and 5 mg/kg, while the prednisone acetate group was orally administered prednisone acetate at 5 mg/kg. The blank control group and model group were orally administered equal volumes of physiological saline, once per day for 14 consecutive days. The animal asthma behavior was observed after drug administration. The secretion of bronchial mucus in lung tissue were observed by AB-PAS staining and the index of spleen were recorded. The protein expressions of Gata3, IL-4 and IL-13 in the spleen tissue were determined by Western blot.Results:Molecular docking results showed that glycyrrhetinic acid had good binding ability to Th2-related factors Gata3, IL-4 and IL-13. Results of animal experiment showed that compared with the model group, the mucus secretion decreased in glycyrrhetinic acid groups, the index of the spleen of mice obviously decreased, protein expression levels of IL-4 and IL-13 in the spleen tissue of mice in glycyrrhetinic acid high-, medium-, and low-dosage groups decreased ( P<0.05), and Gata3 in glycyrrhetinic acid medium- and low-dosage groups decreased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Glycyrrhetinic acid can correct the shift of Th2 in the immune system of cough variant asthma mice and has a certain therapeutic effect.