Objective To investigate the effects of leptin on proliferation of the breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells in terms of protein and nRNA of Rab-25 and C-myc.Methods MCF-7 cells were treated with leptin and normal saline (NS) as control.The 490 nm OD values of cells were read by MTT and the protein and mRNA expressions of Rab-25 and C-myc were measured by western blot and RT-PCR methods in two groups.Results Compared with control group,leptin can promote the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a dose and time dependent manner within certain limit and up-regulate the protein expressions of Rab-25 and C-myc in the breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells (P ＜ 0.05).However,leptin also can up-regulate the mRNA expressions of Rab-25 but without significance (P =0.05).On the contrary,leptin can also up-regulate the mRNA expressions of C-myc (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Leptin promotes breast cancer cells proliferation,which may be related to up-regulate the protein and mRNA expressions of Rab-25 and C-myc.It could provide theoretical foundation and new target of gene therapy in the clinical treatment of breast cancer.

Two methods of different RNA extractions from Conus venom tube and toxin gland of seven cone snail species were performed. ThermoScript~ TM RNase H~ - Transcriptase and AMV Transcriptase were used to synthesize cDNA separately. The cDNAs were used as templates to amplify conotoxin genes by PCR.The optimized RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis methods were obtained according to RT-PCR results, which would be the basis for cloning of new conotoxin genes.

Objective To investigate the effects of Working Memory Training System on working memory impairment after brain injury. Methods From November, 2013 to March, 2015, 20 patients of brain injury with impairment of working memory were divided into training group (n=10) and control group (n=10). The training group was trained with the Working Memory Training System for four weeks, while the control group did not accept any cognitive rehabilitation. They were tested with digital forwards/backwards, space forwards/backwards, n-back test and Everyday Memory Questionnaire before and after training. Results All of the tests improved more in the training group than in the control group (Z>2.014, P<0.05), except that of digital forwards, as well as the score of Everyday Memory Questionnaire (Z=1.970, P=0.049). Conclusion Application of Working Memory Training System can improve the ability of memory in patients with brain injury, both the working memory and everyday memory.

Objective The exploratory study aimed to characterize the clinical features and the patterns of comorbidity and psychosocial functioning of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods The study initially recruited 88 children who diagnosed with ADHD at age 6～16 years. They were reevaluated and administered structured psychiatric interviews for DSM-IV when they were at least 18 years old. A total of 59 adults with ADHD and 29 controls with GAF>70 were included in the study. Results Fifty-one(86.4%)of the adult ADHD were diagnosed as predominantly inattentive subtype of ADHD. The most common adult ADHD symptoms included "often has difficulty organizing tasks and activities (98.3%); often avoiding doing work projects where effort at thinking a lot is required (96.6%); often has trouble paying close attention to details (94.9%); often has problems following through on instructions and finishing job tasks (96.6%); often has difficulty sustaining attention (88.1%); often is distracted easily by extraneous stimuli (72.9%)". The majority (66.1%) of the adult ADHD had one or more psychiatric axis-I/axis-II comorbidity. Among them, 39.0% had psychiatric axis-I comorbidity and 49.2% had personality axis-II comorbidity. The average GAF score was significant lower in adult ADHD than in controls ( t =12.96, P <0.001). The majority (74.6%) of the adult ADHD had mild or moderate impairment or distress of overall functioning. Conclusions The main feature of adult ADHD is attention deficit. Patients with adult ADHD usually have comorbid conditions such as other psychiatric disorders and personality disorders and their psychosocial functioning is relatively poor.

Objective To observe the effect of cognitive rehabilitation training based on games on cognition of the traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients.Methods 60 cases of patients according with the inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided into the control group and the training group with 30 cases in each group.The Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) test scores of all patients were lower than 26 points.The training group accepted the cognitive rehabilitation training based on games such as exactly the same game,drum game and picture memory game,while the control group did not accept the training.After one month,all patients accepted the MoCA test again.Then we analyzed the differences of the cognition between the two groups.Results After 30 days of training,all items of the cognitive function increased except the sub-item of abstraction.While in the control group,only the scores of attention,delayed recall,orientation and the total score showed alleviation.And all the scores of the training group were higher than those of the control group except the sub-item of abstraction.Conclusions Cognitive rehabilitation training based on games can effectively improve the cognitive function of TBI patients.

Delirium and cognitive impairment are common in the intensive care units (ICU). The Confusion Assessment Method Inten-sive Care Unit (CAM-ICU), Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC), Cognitive Test for Delirium (CTD), Nursing Delirium Scale (Nu-DESC) and Delirium Rating Scale (DRS) are recommended to assess delirium. CAM-ICU and ICDSC are the best in the reliabili-ty, validity, sensitivity and specification. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Abbreviated Mental Status Examination (AMSE), the Johns Hopkins Adapted Cognitive Exam are used commonly for cognitive impairment, and Johns Hopkins Adapted Cognitive Exam is one of the suitable scales for ICU as it is simple, comprehensive, and with higher reliability and validity.

AIM:This study continuously monitors the hemodynamic changes in conscious and anesthetic rats during rapid ascent to high altitude to investigate whether there is difference between the 2 conditions and discuss the rela-ted underlying mechanism.METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into conscious group, anesthetic group, anesthetic-5000-control ( A-5000-control) group, anesthetic-5000-aminoguanidine ( A-5000-AG) group, conscious-5000-control ( C-5000-control ) group and conscious-5000-aminoguanidine ( C-5000-AG ) group.The rats in anesthetic group and conscious group were kept in a hypobaric chamber, in which the simulated altitude was increased from 2 260 m to 5 000 m at 2 m/s, and the rats in other 4 groups were at 5 000 m.The system arterial pressure ( Psa) , central venous pressure ( CVP) , heart rate ( HR) and breathing rate ( BR) were directly and continuously displayed and digitally recorded by a high-performance data acquisition (PowerLab 16/35, AD Instruments) at 200 Hz.RESULTS: The HR and BR in the conscious rats were higher and MAP was lower than those in the anesthetic rats obviously.A significant decrease in mean arterial pressure ( MAP) in conscious and anesthetic groups was observed following the increase in the altitude levels, and the net decrease in MAP in conscious group was significantly greater.Additionally, HR in the conscious rats was sig-nificantly lower at 5 000 m than that of the initial level.The rats in C-5000-AG group and A-5000-AG group showed a sig-nificant increase in the arterial pressure after the intravenous injection of AG, a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS) , and no marked change of HR and BR was found.CONCLUSION: Blood pressure and HR decrease during rapid ascent to high altitude, while the change of BR is not obvious.The mechanisms of self-safety would be trig-gered in the early stage of hypoxia, which activates iNOS and then leads to a larger number of nitric oxide.Plentiful NO di-astolizes the vessels to improve the ventilation-perfusion mismatch and lower the blood pressure.When the altitude arise to 5 000 m, even more earlier, a decompensatory stage may occur in the body, leading to decreased HR and blood pressure further more than those in the anesthetic rats.Due to the effects of pentobarbital sodium, the depression of blood pressure requires a lag period and the net decrease in MAP is less than that in the conscious rats.Therefore, hemodynamic changes during rapid ascent to high altitude in conscious rats are more comprehensive and authentic.

Objective To evaluate the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) for detecting the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in brain trauma patients with normal mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores.Methods Fifty brain trauma patients with normal MMSE scores hospitalized from January 2013 to June 2014 were subjected to the MoCA test.The patients were classified as cognitive impairment group scored less than 26 on the MoCA and cognitive normal group scored 26 or above on the MoCA.Differences in MMSE and MoCA scores of the two groups were compared.Receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal cut-off scores in screening for MCI.Results Overall MMSE and MoCA scores were (27.84 ± 0.89) points and (23.24 ± 2.90) points.There was a positive correlation between MoCA and MMSE total scores (r =0.355 2,P ＜ 0.05).MCI was found in 79％ of the brain trauma patients using the MoCA.MMSE total score and subscores were all similar between the two groups.MoCA total score and subscores of attention,language,abstraction and delayed recall were much higher in cognitive normal group than in cognitive impairment group (P ＜0.05),but there were no significant differences in visuospatial,naming and oritention domains.Area under the ROC curve for MoCA(0.871 ± 0.038) was larger compared with MMSE (0.796 ± 0.054) (Z =3.592,P ＜ 0.05).The optimal cut-off scores of MoCA and MMSE for the identification of MCI were 25.5 and 28.5 respectively.Conclusions MoCA and MMSE total scores are positively correlated.MoCA is a better detector for the identification of MCI in brain trauma patients than the MMSE.

Objective To compare the validity of Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) versus mini-mental state examination (MMSE) in screening cognition impairment in elderly patients with cranio-cerebral trauma.Methods Cognitive function in 40 elderly patients with cranio-cerebral trauma and 40 healthy elderly individuals were assessed by MoCA and MMSE.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed to determine the optimal sensitivity and specificity of MoCA and MMSE.Results The total score and all the sub-test scores of MoCA were much lower in cranio-cerebral trauma patients than in the control group (all P＜0.05).The total score and orientation,calculation,recall,language sub scores of MMSE were significantly decreased in the elderly patients with cranio-cerebral trauma as compared with those in the controls (P＜0.05),while there were no significant differences in the immediate memory and language scores between the two groups (both P＞0.05).The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve showed that MoCA (0.92±0.03) ＞ MMSE (0.74±0.06) (Z=2.460,P＜0.01).When screening the cognition impairment in elderly patients with cranio cerebral trauma,the best cut-off scores of MoCA and MMSE were 24.5 and 27.5 respectively.Conclusions Cognition impairment is decreased in elderly patients with cranio cerebral trauma.The MoCA is superior to the MMSE as a screening instrument in detecting cognition impairment in elderly patients with cranio-cerebral trauma.

Objective To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the John Hopkins Adapted Cognitive Exam ( ACE) in NICU patients. Methods The English ACE was translated and adapted into the Chinese version . Cognitive functions of 40 critically ill patients in NICU were assessed with the Chi?nese version of ACE and MMSE battery.The scores of ACE and MMSE were analyzed to test the content va?lidity,construct validity,concurrent validity,internal consistency,inter?rater reliability and test?retest reliabil?ity.Result The correlation coefficient between each factor and the total score ranged from 0.617 to 0.938, and the content validity was good.The ACE was significantly correlated with MMSE( r=0.822, P<0.05). Five factors were extracted by main principle analysis, the cumulative contribution was 85. 90%, the factor loading of each item was all over 0.5,the scale had good construct validity.There existed a good internal con?sistency ( Cronbach’ α=0.756 ) as well as a good inter?rater reliability ( ICC>0.95) and test?retest reliabil?ity (ICC=0.652?0.979) of the Chinese version of ACE.Conclusions The Chinese version of ACE has been proved to be a reliable and valid screening tool for cognitive impairment in NICU patients.