Objective:To explore the characteristics of attention during visual search tasks in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods:Totally 45 adult patients with ADHD who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) and 44 healthy controls matched with age,gender and IQ were selected.The reaction time and accuracy rate of two groups were compared under visual search tasks of low and high visual working memory load.Results:The reaction time was longer in patients with ADHD than in the healthy controls in both low-load task [(823 ± 144) ms vs.(754 ± 123) ms,P ＜ 0.01] and highload task [(912 ± 163) ms vs.(851 ± 162) ms,P ＜ 0.01].Compared with the performance in low load task,the search reaction time was longer in high load task [ADHD group:(823 ± 144) ms vs.(912 ± 163) ms,P ＜ 0.01;control group:(754 ± 123) ms vs.(851 ± 162) ms,P ＜0.01] and the accuracy rate was lower during high load task than low load task[ADHD group:(95.9 ±4.3)％ vs.(91.2 ± 14.29)％;control group:(95.8 ± 4.2)％ vs.(94.4 ±4.9) ％,P ＜ 0.01] in both ADHD and control groups.Conclusion:The results suggest impairment in top-down attentional control in ADHD adults.When the visual working memory load is increasing,ADHD patients allocate more working memory resources on storing the target representation and less resources on visual attention,so the search efficiency may be influenced.

Objective To explore the executive function profiles in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)in a Chinese sample population. Methods We identified 68 outpatients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for ADHD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV(DSM-IV)and 74 normal adults.All subjects completed clinical interview, Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A) and Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Results ADHD group had higher scores in all factors of BRIEF-A questionnaire compared with normal control (P<0.01). ADHD group had a higher score in SWM strategy score [(30.84±5.58)vs.(28.80±5.85), t=2.056,P=0.042]compared with control group. Compared with control group, ADHD group had a lower score in RVP total hits [37(33,41.75) vs.3(37,48), Z=-3.184,P<0.01]. Total correct rejections[(508(497.5,518)vs. 516(503,529.5),Z=-2.229,P=0.0260)]were significantly lower,while RVP total misses were significantly higher [(17 (12.25,21)vs.12(7,20),Z=2.293,P=0.022)].ADHD-RS-IV attention deficit score was positively correlated with SWM strategy while RVP total misses were negatively correlated with RVP total hits and RVP correct rejections.Working memory score in BRIEF-A was significantly correlated with the SWM strategy,RVP total hits, RVP total correct rejections and RVP probable of hit as well as RVP total misses. Conclusion Adults with ADHD have executive functioning deficits which is correlated with ADHD core symptoms.

Objective:To understand the status quo of male nurses′ resilience, social support and simple coping styles in Heilongjiang Province, and to analysis the mediating effect of resilience between social support and simple coping styles.Methods:The questionnaire star was used to survey 780 nurses from 13 departments including such as intensive care unit, emergency department, psychiatric department, and operating room etc in Harbin 9 hospitals from November to December 2018 by convenience sampling. The self-made general information questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) were used to assess the resilience, social support and simple coping style.Results:The average score of resilience of male nurses in Heilongjiang Province was (72.36±16.69) points, the average score of social support was (37.21±8.70) points, the average items score of positive coping style was (2.18±0.52) points, negative coping style items score was (1.53±0.76) points. Social support and positive coping styles all showed a significant positive correlation with resilience ( r values were 0.432, 0.747, P<0.01). The results of mediation analysis showed that resilience played a part of mediation between social support and active coping styles. The mediation effect was 21.05%, accounting for 63.21% of the total effect. Conclusion:In order to effectively maintain the mental health of male nurses in Heilongjiang Province and improve their active coping level, it is necessary to ensure that the nurses have a good level of resilience.

Objective To explore the effects of the Calgary-Cambridge Guide training for practice nurses in promoting the nurse-patient relationship .Methods Totals of 52 practice nurses in our hospital from June 2012 to December 2012 were selected and randomly divided into the experimental group ( 25 cases ) and the control group (27 cases).Communication skills training based on the Calgary-Cambridge Guide was applied in the experimental group, while the general training materials were distributed in the control group .Nurse-patient relationship was assessed with the trust scale and the Calgary-Cambridge Guide Scale .Results After the training , the scores of respect, consistency, the authority of knowledge and technology , the sense of security and the confidence in the future of the experimental group were (3.65 ±0.45),(3.68 ±0.58),(3.62 ±0.51), (3.81 ±0.45) and (3.67 ±0.64), which were significantly higher than the scores before the training (t =-2.664,-2.712,-2.435,-3.429,-3.431, respectively;P<0.05).The scores of respect, consistency, the sense of security in the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group after the training ( t=2.560, 2.513, 2.231, respectively;P <0.05 ).The general score and the scores of eight dimensions of Calgary-Cambridge were significantly higher than those before (P<0.05).The general score and the scores of eight dimensions of Calgary-Cambridge of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05).Conclusions The nurse-patient communication skills training based on the Calgary-Cambridge Guide can effectively improve the communication skills of practice nurses , and promote the nurse-patient relationship .

Objective To study the effect of reflective learning on professional training in ICU nurses . Methods Totals of 30 nurses from ICU were included and divided into observation group and control group according to the working years , degree, and they were given reflective learning and routine training .They were followed up for 3 months, and the professional training was compared .Results The scores of basic theoretical knowledge , basic technical skills , communication ability , observation ability , responsibility , management ability and ability to analyze problems after training in the observation group were (90.45 ±7.12), (91.44 ± 6.12), (18.55 ±1.23), (17.64 ±1.65), (18.43 ±1.25), (18.16 ±1.24), (17.19 ±1.76), respectively , which were significantly higher than those in the control group which were ( 82 .89 ±7 .75 ) , (83.54 ±7.54),(17.25 ±1.65),(16.45 ±1.65),(17.89 ±1.26),(17.36 ±1.22)and(16.73 ±1.75), respectively.The differences were statistically significant ( t=8.330, 5.951, 3.684, 4.205, 4.226, 4.635, 5.656, respectively;P <0.05).The scores of nursing discipline, collaborative, enthusiasm, responsibility, nurses′confidence in the observation group were significantly higher than that in the control group .The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The satisfaction rate in the observation group was significantly higher than the control group.The difference was statistically significant (Z=-2.141,P<0.05).Conclusions Reflective learning can effectively improve the effect of the professional training , and promote the nurses to improve the overall quality and the satisfaction of nursing quality .

Objective To explore the application value of collaborative mode in nursing management to cope with neurosurgical critical patients and provide evidence for clinical management. Methods A total of 200 critical patients had been divided into control group ( traditional nursing management ) and experimental group ( medical collaborative management) on average during January 2013 to 2014 by random number table. We compared the quality of nursing, satisfaction of medical staffs and patients, and nurse′s self-efficacy. Results The scores of ward management, basic nursing, specialized nursing, responsibility management, communication in the experimental group were (17. 34 ± 2. 23), (18. 00 ± 1. 65), (18. 11 ± 1. 23), (17. 25 ± 2. 43), (18. 21 ± 1. 54) compared with (16. 11 ± 2. 12), (13. 43 ± 2. 44), (16. 65 ± 2. 34), (15. 45 ± 2.22), (16.46 ±1.31) in the control group (t=4. 123, 5. 653, 4. 845, 5. 324, 4. 345,respectively;P<0. 05). The satisfaction scores of physicians, nurses and patients in the experimental group were 90. 0%, 96. 7%, 98. 0%, respectively while these rate in the control group were 50. 0%, 76. 7%, 92. 5% (χ2 =3. 810, 5. 192, 6. 687; P <0. 05). The incidence of medical contradiction in the experimental group was 4 cases (4. 0%) lower than 12 cases (12. 0%) in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (χ2 =4. 348,P=0. 037). The total score of nurses′ initiative, responsibility, self-confidence, communication skills, problem solving ability, self-efficacy were (7. 43 ± 1. 65), (7. 25 ± 1. 65), (7. 65 ± 1. 76), (7. 65 ± 1. 98), (8. 76 ± 1. 65), (36. 34 ± 2. 44) respectively higher than those (5. 55 -1. 65), (5. 34 ± 1. 65),(5. 54 ± 1. 56), (5. 87 ± 1. 87), (5. 87 ± 1. 43), (30. 54 ± 3. 34) in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (t = 4. 542, 5. 545, 4. 765, 4. 234, 6. 065, 4. 534,respectively; P < 0. 05). Conclusions The medical collaborative mode not only meets the diversification of the patient′demands, builds a good relationship between the doctors, patients and nurses, but also improves the quality of nursing.

Objective To investigate the effect of suctioning order on suctioning in patients with artificial airway ventilation.Methods A total of 92 patients with mechanical ventilator in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University who were recruited from January 2016 to April 2015 were divided into observation group (n=46) and control group (n=46) by random number table method. The suction order for patients in the observation group was from oral nasal cavity to trachea,while the order was adverse in the control group. Nurse workload,suction effect,SaO2,PaCO2,mucosal injury and ventilator associated pneumonia incidence of two groups were compared.Results The time of suction,duration of suction and ventilation,as well as hospital stays of observation group were less than those of the control group (P<0.05). Before suction,there was no difference in SaO2 and PaCO2 between the two groups (P>0.05). After suction,the SaO2 of the observation group was higher than that of the control group,PaCO2 was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05). The incidence of mucosal injury and ventilator-associated pneumonia in the experimental group were 8.70%,6.52% compared with 17.39% and 23.91% in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusions Suction with order from oral and nasal cavity to trachea can effectively reduce the risk of ventilator associated pneumonia,reduce the workload of nurses,improve patients′ comfort while suctioning,it is worth for clinical promotion.

Objective:To explore the current situation and influencing factors of stressors among nursing interns.Methods:From September 2020 to June 2021, 750 nursing interns who practiced in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University were selected by convenience sampling for the questionnaire survey. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of stressors.Results:A total of 750 questionnaires were distributed, and 732 valid questionnaires were recovered. A total of 51.23% (375/732) nursing interns were under high pressure, and 39.89% (292/732) were under medium pressure. The main stressors were the psychological impact brought by the nature of the work in the rotation department, the students' perception of their poor theoretical foundation and the fear of not finding a satisfactory job due to the conflict between study and work. Age, personality, whether to choose nursing specialty voluntarily, whether to like nursing specialty, whether to have nursing practice and probation experience, and the time of practice were the influencing factors of stressors ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:In combination with the stressors and their influencing factors of nursing interns, we should propose targeted measures to relieve the pressure of nursing interns, help them maintain their physical and mental health, quickly complete the role transition, and provide a reference for improving clinical nursing teaching methods and the quality of education of nursing interns.

Objective? To explore the effect of cognitive behavioral intervention on improving the health literacy of patients with bladder cancer undergoing total cystectomy and ureterodermatostomy. Methods? Totally eighty patients with bladder cancer after radical cystectomy and ureterodermatostomy from December 2016 to June 2018 in a Class Ⅲ Grade A hospital in Harbin were selected and randomly divided into the control group (n=40) and experimental group (n=40). The patients in the control group received routine nursing care whereas the experimental group were treated with cognitive behavioral therapy on the basis of routine nursing care. The effects of intervention in the two groups was compared by the use of Health Literacy Self-rating Scale before and 1 month after intervention. Results? One month after intervention, the total score of health literacy in the experimental group was (101.82±9.43) and that in the control group was (87.87±10.96). The difference was statistically significant (t=6.102, P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions? The cognitive behavioral therapy is an effective way to improve the health literacy of patients with bladder cancer after radical cystectomy and ureterodermatostomy.

Objective:To explore the current status of self-perceived burden among patients with chronic wound and influencing factors and to analyze its influencing factors.Methods:From July 2018 to August 2019, we selected 113 patients with chronic wounds treated in Wound Clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University as research objects. All patients were investigated with the General Information Scale, Self-perceived Burden Scale (SPBS) , Sense of Coherence-13 (SOC-13) , Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) .Results:A total of 113 questionnaires were distributed in this study, and a total of 102 valid questionnaires were returned. Among patients with chronic wounds, the score of SPBS was (28.37±10.10) at a mild level. The total score and dimensions scores of SPBS of patients with chronic wounds had negative correlations with the total score of SOC-13, the total score and dimension scores of SSRS with statistical differences ( P<0.05) . Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of self-perceived burden were the age, occupation, social support and sense of coherence also with statistical differences ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The self-perceived burden of patients with chronic wound is at a mild level. Clinical medical and nursing staff should carry out targeted nursing measures according to patients' self-perceived burden to reduce the self-perceived burden of patients so as to reducing the impact of psychological factors on wound healing.