Based on an analysis of the problems in medical ethics education,the author puts forward that different kinds of methods and models should be used in medical ethics education.In this paper,the author introduces some campus culture activities such as social practice,public opinion spread and making comparison,all of which involve medical ethics education.From these activities,the author concludes that campus culture activities which involve medical ethics education should be not only theoretical,typical and professional,but practical,educable and creative.

This article discusses a nurses professional character, which is an organic combo of kind soul and good appearance, and the good appearance is not only necessary to patients'mentality, but also the requirement from employer. From investigation and analysis, it is found that some nursing students are short of good appearance. In the author's opinion, besides professional morality, specialty theory and operational capability, the medical school should pay attention to the cultivation of students' good appearance in nursing ethnics teaching. Furthermore, by giving the electives courses, such as Nursing Aesthetics, Etipuette, and Art Enjoying, the nursing students can be encouraged to take part in different leagues and campus culture activities. It will enhance the education of nursing students'amenity, and the cultivation of their good appearance.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of differential diagnosis in medical record of ZuiHuaChuang, so that to improve level of medical diagnosis and treatment in clinical work. [Methods] Analyze and research 58 cases of medical records which involved in differential diagnosis in the book, to summarize the characteristic of differential diagnosis inmedical record of ZuiHuaChuang. [Results] There are 58 cases in 101 cases medical records in the whole book written by WangYu in Qing Dynasty. The differential diagnosis methods base on perimal symptoms, concomitant symptoms and pulse diagnosis, and the pulse diagnosis is attributed to the most importantly. The differential diagnosis based on pulse diagnosis is the key charcteristic ofmedical record of ZuiHuaChuang.

Objective] To analyze the character of diagnosis and treatment of excessive fluid zheng in medical record of ZuiHuaChuang, so that to improve level of medical diagnosis and treatment in clinical work. [Methods] Analyze the diagnosis,treatment and nurse of medical records of excessive fluid zheng in the book, to summarize the characteristic of diagnosis and treatment of excessive fluid zheng in medical record of ZuiHuaChuang. [Results] There are 6 cases involvingexcessive fluid zhengin 101 cases medical records in the whole book which written by WangYu in Qing Dynasty. The key symptoms of excessive fluid zheng in medical record of ZuiHuaChuang including difficulty in micturition,dyspnea,thirsty,edema, cardiopalmus, vomiting, insomnia and string-tight pulse accompanied with rapid or stasis pulse. It was treated with WuLin San most of time, and used the method ofinvigorating spleen to eliminate dampnessto regulate the constitution.[Conclusion] The character of diagnosis and treatment ofexcessive fluid zheng in medical record of ZuiHuaChuang including:1. diagnosed by pulse diagnosis, especial y combined with symptoms,2.Treat with WulinSan,and emphasize regulation of constitution after erasing excessive fluid.

Objective To compare the effect and safety between budesonide inhalation with methylperdnisolone intravenous in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD).Methods 80 patients with AECOPD were divided into the control group and observation group randomly,each group 40 cases.Based on regular treatment,the patients in the control group received intravenous treatment of methylprednisolone,while patients in the observation group receive inhaled treatment of budesonide.The near-term and long-term effect,symptom score,and the indicators such as FEV1/FVC,MMEF,PaO2,PaCO2 and AHR were observed and compared beween the two groups before and after treatment.Results Compared with control group,there were no significant differences of short-term and long term treatment effects and symptom score in observation group(all P ＞ 0.05) ;The indicators of pulmonary function and blood gas analysis improved significantly in all patients after treatments(all P ＜ 0.05),but there were no significant differences between two groups(all P ＞0.05) ;The incidence of side effects in observation group was significantly lower than that of control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Glucocorticoid in the treatment of AECOPD has clear effect,and regardless of the mode of administration,it has good near-term and longterm effect.But in adverse reactions budesonide inhalation is significantly superior to methylprednisolone intravenous therapy.

Objective Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) increases the risk of cardiovascular problem.The symptom of dyspnea on exertion may be associated with pulmonary dysfunction or heart failure, or both. The study objective was to determine whether cardiac dysfunction adds to the mechanism of dyspnea caused mainly by impaired lung function in patients with mild-to-moderate COPD. Methods Patients with COPD and healthy controls performed incremental and constant work rate exercise testing. Venous blood samples were collected in 19 COPD patients and 10 controls before and during constant work exercise for analysis of N-terminal-pro-BNP (NT-pro-BNP). Results Peak oxygen uptake and constant work exercise time (CWET) were significantly lower in COPD group than in control group (15.81±3.65 vs 19.19a±6.16 ml/min kg, P=0.035 and 7.78±6.53 rain vs 14.77±7.33 min, P=0.015, respectively). Anaerobic threshold, oxygen pulse and heart rate reserve were not statistically significant between COPD group and control group. The NT-pro-BNP levels both at rest and during constant work exercise were higher in COPD group compared to control group, but without statistical significance. The correlations between CWET and NT-proBNP at rest or during exercise in patients with COPD were not statistically significant. Conclusions Heart failure does not contribute to exercise intolerance in mild-to-moderate COPD.

[Objective] Analyze the discussion of Qi and Qi transformation in Huangdi Neijing, therefore to give insight into the Qi Theory of TCM. [Methods] Analyze articles about Qi and Qi transformation in Huangdi Neijing, as well as comments from doctors of all dynasties, to summerize the understanding on Qi and Qi transformation of Huangdi Neijin. [Result] In the whole book of Huangdi Neijing, there are 19 chapters named after Qi, 1700 (2997) characters of Qi are mentioned, and there are 7 discussions upon Qi transformation. The Qi mentioned in Huangdi Neijing can be material, or functional, or be able to transform. The conception of Qi transformation includes six parts: the transformation among Yin and Yang, among the five elements, and the growth and transformation among all kinds of essences, the transportation, nutrition and transformation among all kinds of matters, as well as the transportation of Qi and the transformation of five elements' motion and six kinds of natural factors.[Conclusion] Qi transformation is mentioned in all but a few chapters in Huangdi Neijing. Everything, from matters growing to turning into essences is actually Qi transformation. In Huangdi Neijing's view, Qi transformation is the fundamental of all matters coming into being, and the fundamental to stay healthy, therefore the fundamental of preserving health, diagnosis and treatment.

Objective] The article analyzed the application of qi transformation for diagnosis and treatment in clinic from four aspects: theory, method, formula and herbs. [Methods] Wang Kungen is instructor of the fourth,fifth project of academic experience inheriting the old Chinese medicine experts. Director Wang believes that the Qi transformation is the fundamental of everythings,including the humanbody.To analyze the relationship between qi transformation and theory-method-formula-herbs in clinical TCM based on the study of Huangdi Neijing and textual works of famous Chinese physicians. [Result]Qi transformation is the foundation of life, therefore the foundation of health. Abnormal Qi transformation leads to process and development of diseases, so the key to the treatment is to achieve the condition of“seizing the mechanism of disease and keeping qi in harmony”through all methods, rather than holding on to specific treatments like acupuncture and herbs. [Conclusion]Qi transformation is not only an important content of TCM theory system, but also the key point of treatment in clinic, and the core clinical theory of Director Wang.

Objective To study the effects of cardiac and pulmonary response in pailents with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) on their exercise capacity.Methods Thirty four patients with COPD(including 8 patients in stage Ⅰ,15 patients in stage Ⅱ,10 patents in stage Ⅲ and 1 patent in stage Ⅳ and 24 healthy controls performed incremental exercise testing.Oxygen uptake(VO_2) and carbon dioxide output(VCO_2)were measured breath-by-breath.Arterial blood samples were drawn both at rest and peak exercise.Results The VO_2 at peak exercise was significantly lower in COPD group than in control group(15.81±3.65ml/min/kg vs 18.96±6.10ml/min/kg,P=0.042).The respiration reserve was lower in COPD patients compared to controls.The rBorg dyspnea score at the peak exercise for COPD patents was 4.24±2.01,significantly higher than that for controls(1.754±1.50).Oxygen pulse and heart rate reserve had not statistically difference between COPD group and control group.Significant increase of PO_2 and PCO_2 were found during exercise,which were 26.374±15.40 vs 10.26±22.65 mmHg and 42.33±3.65 vs 40.29±4.46 mmHg respectively compared to at rest.Conclusion Abnormal pulmonary response to exercise might be the main cause inducing exercise intolerance in patents with COPD.

Objective To study the value of SF-36 in evaluating the life quality of Chinese patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). Methods The SF-36,MRC score and spirometry were collected from 50 patients with COPD,the validity was documented by performing correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated. Results The MRC score was significantly correlated with seven of the eight components(P