Objective To observe the effects of lanthanum on learning and memory,and explore the corresponding mechanism on the basis of the levels of excitatory amino acids and calcium homeostasis of cerebral cortex in rats.Methods Forty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into control,low-,moderate-and high-dose lanthanum groups(ten rats in each group).The offspring of lanthanum exposure groups were administrated with lanthanum from weaning for one month.The capability of learning and memory was measured by neuroethology testing.The levels of excitatory amino acids,intracellular calcium ion and Nissl body expression of cerebral cortex were also detected.Results The capabilities of learning and memory in lanthanum exposure groups were significantly lower compared with the control,with a dose-dependent manner.The levels of glutamate and intracellular calcium ion of cerebral cortex in low-and moderate-dose group were significantly higher than those in controls,and the levels of glutamate,aspartate and intracellular calcium ion of cerebral cortex in high-dose group were increased significantly as compared with the control group,low dose group and moderate dose lanthanum group.Besides,Nissl body expression of cerebral cortex in low-dose group was lower than that in control group,and the levels of Nissl body expression of cerebral cortex in middle dose lanthanum group and high dose groups decreased further.Conclusion The increased levels of excitatory amino acids,calcium homeostasis unbalance and cellular injuries in cerebral cortex may be involved in lower capacity of learning and memory in the rats exposed to lanthanum.

Objective To research the protective effects of alkaline electrolytic water on lipid peroxidation in blood,liver,kidney and brain of mice. Methods Total forty-five Kunming mice were randomly divided into three groups,control group:tap water;peroxidation model group:100 mg/kg D-galactose subcutaneous injection (once a day) + tap water;experimental group:100 mg/kg D-galactose subcutaneous injection (once a day) + alkaline electrolytic water. After 18 weeks of exposure,the mice were sacrificed,and the blood,liver,kidney and brain of mice were collected for further study. The MDA levels were measured by TBA method; The GSH levels and GSH-Px activities were measured by modified DNTB method; The SOD activities were measured by Xanthine oxidase method; The lipofuscin levels were detrmined by Sohal method. Results Compared with the control group,MDA and lipofuscin level increased,GSH content decreased,the activities of GSH-Px and SOD decreased in all detected organs and blood in the peroxidation model group,and compared with the peroxidation model group,MDA and lipofuscin level decreased,GSH content increased,the activities of GSH-Px and SOD increased significantly in D-galactose +alkaline electrolytic water group. Conclusion Alkaline electrolytic water has some antagonistic effects on the lipid peroxidation induced by D-galactose.

Objective To study genital toxicity and didymus lipid peroxidation level on rats after sub-acute exposure to di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate(DEHP).Methods The weaning Wistar andro-rats were dividied into four group randomly,and there were 10 rats in each group.Compared with the corn oil control,the experiment groups were gavaged consecutively for 30 days with the DEHP dose of 10,100,1 000 mg/(kg.d),The change of body weight was observed dynamically.All rats were executed by decapitation four weeks later and the didymium was removed immediately,at the same time viscera coefficient were measured.The level of MDA were detected by TBA method,meanwhile GSH level and GSH-Px activity were analyzed by modified DTNB method,the activity of SOD were measured by xanthine oxidase method.Results With the increasement of DEHP concentration,the body weight growth of rats in 1 000 mg/(kg.d) DEHP group is restricted compared with the control(P

Objective To study the effects of lanthanum on cell multiplication and intracellular Ca2+([Ca2+]i) concentration in primary cultured astrocytes of rats.Methods The primary cultured astrocytes of rats were exposed to 0.25,0.5,1.0 and 2.0 mmol/L LaCl3 for 24 h and 48 h.The cell multiplication was measured by MTT;[Ca2+]i concentration was determined by the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator Fura-2/AM.Results After astrocytes were incubated with 0.25,0.5,1.0 and 2.0 mmol/L LaCl3 for 24 h and 48 h,the survival rate of astrocytes was 86.24% and 82.99%,82.26% and 79.14%,52.32% and 49.97%,38.04% and 35.15% respectively,which was significantly decreased compared with the control group(P

OBJECTIVE To study the way to solve the problem of management of disposable medical daily(necessities) in basic-level medical organization.METHODS To understand the state of management of the disposable medical daily necessities in basic-level medical organization,we investigated actively and inquired the medical(organization) in our county.RESULTS The(rate) of their usage was 100% including syringes,implements of(perfusion),catheters,gastric tubes,drainage tubes and vaginal dilators in basic-level medical organization,but their quality could not be guaranteed due to unregulated management;few of medical organization had specialized management,and(special) and classified storage.CONCLUSIONS The reason of unregulated management in(disposable) medical daily necessities in basic-level medical organization lies in themselves;the way to solve these questions is to put emphasis on training medical staff in basic-level medical organization,strengthen the(superintendence),and increase the consciousness of controlling hospital infection.

Objective To investigate the change of the serum levels of cystatin C,urinary NAG enzyme in the children affected by HSP and its cliracal significance.Methods 60 children with HSP were divided into three groups based on urine routine and abnormal degrees of biochemícal examination results,which were kidney injury group A (KI-Group A),kidney injury group B (KI-Group B),and non-kidney injury group (non-KI-Group).Selected 28 healthy children with the same phase and the same age as the control group.A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was employed to determine the values of cystatin C,urinary NAG enzyme.Results Urinary NAG enzyme in KI-Group A (127.11 ± 15.63) ng/L and KI-Group B (132.75 ± 19.83) ng/L were significantly higher than the control group (111.36 ± 20.10) ng/L (F =7.324,P ＜ 0.05),and there was no difference between non-KI-Group (108.14 ± 13.83) ng/L and the control group.Cystatin C in KI-Group A (1.18 ±0.13) mg/L,KI-Group B (1.19 ±0.17)mg/L and non-KI-Group (1.16 ±0.11)mg/L were all significantly higher than the control group (0.79 ±0.14)mg/L (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Cystatin C and urinary NAG enzyme in children with HSP were significantly abnormal,and may be used as early indexes reflecting the glomerular injury.The relationship of the two above indicators had positive correlation,and the combined employment of them had the dadvantages of early detection,high sensitivity and accurate diagnosis.

Objective To optimize the spray pelletization technology for Compound Jiakang Tablets.Methods The experiment was performed by orthogonal design,and the inspection criteria key were granule uniformity,granule size and the content of astragaloside IV,combined with the granule hygroscopic velocity.Results The optimal spray pelletization parameters were as follows:the frequency of main fan was(35.0?5)Hz,atomizational pressure was 0.1 mPa,the rate of spray was 1.2 Hz,the density of extract was 1.20 g/mL.Conclusion The granules made by this technology are uniform,burly,stable,and are beneficial for pressing into tablet.

Objective: To investigate the trends in incidence of viral hepatitis in Yuxi City, Yunnan Province from 2004 to 2022, so as to provide insights into the management of viral hepatitis. Methods: Data of viral hepatitis cases in Yuxi City from 2004 to 2022 were retrieved from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The temporal, human and spatial distribution of viral hepatitis cases were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method, and the trends in incidence of viral hepatitis were evaluated in Yuxi City from 2004 to 2022 using annual percent change (APC) and average APC (AAPC). Results: A total of 37 430 viral hepatitis cases were reported in Yuxi City from 2004 to 2022, with an average annual incidence rate of 91.27/105, and the incidence showed a tendency towards a rise (AAPC=12.686, P<0.05). There were 29 229 cases with hepatitis B, 5 796 cases with hepatitis C, 1 451 cases with hepatitis A, 520 cases with hepatitis E and 434 cases with unclassified hepatitis reported in Yuxi City, with average annual incidence rates of 71.27/105, 14.13/105, 3.54/105, 1.27/105 and 1.06/105, respectively. The average annual incidence rates of viral hepatitis were 98.24/105 and 78.94/105 among men and women, which both appeared a tendency towards a rise (AAPC=12.415% and 12.581%, both P<0.05). The highest average annual incidence of viral hepatitis was seen among residents at age of 25 to 29 years (139.89/105), with the lowest seen among residents at ages of 0 to 4 years (11.38/105), and the average annual incidence of viral hepatitis appeared a tendency towards a rise with age (P<0.05). The highest average annual incidence of viral hepatitis was seen in Huaning County (234.24/105), with the lowest seen in Chengjiang City (26.11/105), and the average annual incidence appeared a tendency towards a rise in Xinping County from 2004 to 2022 (AAPC=21.451%, P<0.05). Conclusions The reported incidence of viral hepatitis appeared a tendency towards a rise in Yuxi City from 2004 to 2022, with hepatitis B as the main type. High incidence was seen among men and adolescents. The viral hepatitis control strategy requires to be adjusted with adaptations to high-incidence hepatitis subgroups, residents and regions.

Objective To compare clinical outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)cycle by using fresh and cryopreserved-thawed testicular and epididymal spermatozoa in azoospermic patients.Methods Between September 2006 and May 2007,208 azoospermic patients underwent in vitro fertilization(IVF)were treated in Center of Reproductive Medicine,Peking University Third Hospital.Those couples were divided into two groups based on their wishes,including 171 cases in fresh group and 37 cases in cryopreserved-thawed group.The cryopreserved testicular or epididymal spermatozoa were thawed and recovered before ICSI procedure iu thawed group.The outcomes of ICSI in each group were compared.including clinical outcomes(two pronuclear fertilization,high quality embryo,clinical pregnancy and embryo implantation)and pregnancy outcomes(spontaneous miscarriage,gestational weeks and neonatal birth weight).Results (1),The utilization rate were 92%(23/25)in cryopreserved-thawed testicular spermatozoa and 100%(12/12)in epididymal spermatozoa.(2)Between fresh and cryopreserved-thawed groups,no statistical difference was observed in two pronuclear fertilization rate[62.25%(973/1563)vs.64.53%(282/437),P=0.960],high quality embryo rate[78.9%(768/973)vs.79.1%(223/282),P=0.985],clinical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer[44.4%(60/135)vs.46.9%(15/32),P:0.688]and embryo implantation rate[29.3%(84/287)vs.33.3%(23/69),P=0.508].(3)No significant difference between flesh and cryopreserved group was found in spontaneous miscarriage rate (11%vs.7%,P＝1.000),gestational weeks(single birth:39.0 weeks vs.38.7 weeks,P:0.538;twins:36.8 weeks vs.36.3 weeks,P=0.571)and birth weight(single birth:3409 g vs.3350 g,P=0.699;twins:2584 g vs.2635 g,P=0.703).Conclusion It suggested that tissue from the azoospermic patients who underwent diagnostic testieular and epididymal biopsy should be eryopreseved for IVF-ET.

Aims To study the effects of clenbuterol on anoxia/reoxygenation( A/R) injury in neonatal Wistar rat cardiomyocytes and to explore whether its mecha-nism is related to reperfusion injury salvage kinase ( RISK) or not. Methods The cultured primary neo-natal cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into eight groups: ①normal culture group; ②anoxia/reoxygen-ation( A/R) group;③ clenbuterol ( 1 μmol · L-1 ) +A/R;④ICI118,551(10 μmol·L-1) + clenbuterol ( 1 μmol · L-1 ) + A/R; ⑤Metoprolol ( 10μmol · L-1 ) + clenbuterol(1μmol·L-1 ) + A/R group;⑥Metoprolol ( 10 μmol · L-1 ) + A/R group; ⑦PD98059 ( 20 μmol · L-1 ) + clenbuterol ( 1 μmol · L-1 ) + A/R group;⑧ LY294002(10 μmol·L-1 ) +clenbuterol(1 μmol · L-1 ) + A/R group. Cell via-bility was determined by the conventional MTT reduc-tion assay. The content of LDH in cultured medium was measured with colorimetry. Cardiomyocyte apopto-sis was determined by Hoechst33342 . Intracellular re-active species( ROS) were monitored by the fluorescent DCFH-DA. Total ERK2 and phosphorylated ERK were detected by western blot. Results Compared with A/R group, clenbuterol significantly increased vaibility of cells, reduced LDH release, lowered the rate of apop-tosis and ROS production. When addedβ2 receptor an-tagonist ICI118 , 551 , PI3 K inhibitor LY294002 and ERK inhibitor PD98059 , the effects of clenbuterol a-bove were inhibited; but β1 receptor antagonist Meto-prolol protected the cardiomyocytes from A/R injury, as evidenced by decreased LDH release and increased cell viability. There were no synergistic effects in the combined use of clenbuterol and Metoprolol. Conclu-sion clenbuterol exerts cardioprotective effects against A/R injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and apopto-sis. The protection of clenbuterol is inhibited by ICI118 , 551 , LY294002 and PD98059 . clenbuterol protects cardiomyocytes against A/R injury via RISK pathway by activation of β2 receptor.