Objective To observe the effect of botulinum toxin A combined with exercise program sit-to-stand training on lower limb spasticity and balance ability in patients with stroke.Methods A total of 84 patients with stroke admitted to our hospital from Janu-ary 2020 to December 2021 were randomly divided into control group(n=42)and treatment group(n=42).The control group was trea-ted with the exercise program sit-to-stand training alone.The treatment group was treated with botulinum toxin A combined with exer-cise program start-up training.The modified Ashworth scale(MAS),Fugl-Meyer assessment(FMA),Berg balance scale(BBS),Barthel index(BI),and stroke-specific quality of life(SS-QOL)were compared between the two groups before treatment,and 4,8,and 12 weeks after treatment.Results No significant difference in clinical baseline data was found between the two groups(P＞0.05).The MAS of the two groups at 4,8 and 12 weeks after treatment was significantly lower,while the FMA,BBS,BI,and SS-QOL were significantly higher than those before treatment(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the improvement of MAS,FMA,BBS,BI,and SS-QOL at 4,8 and 12 weeks after treatment was better than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Botulinum toxin A combined with exercise program sit-to-stand training can significantly alleviate lower limb spasticity in patients with stroke,improve motor function and balance ability,and improve the ability of daily life and quality of life,which is worthy of clinical promotion and appli-cation.

Objective:To evaluate the pancreatic subclinical dysfunction after intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for gastric cancer by analyzing biochemical indexes and pancreatic volume changes, and to reduce the dose of pancreas by dosimetric prediction and dose limitation.Methods:30 patients with gastric cancer who received 45 Gy postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy were retrospectively selected. The pancreas was delineated and its dose and anatomical relationship with planning target volume (PTV) were evaluated. Fasting blood glucose, serum lipase and amylase, and pancreatic volume changes before and after radiotherapy were analyzed. The correlation between the changes of biochemical indexes and volume and pancreatic dose was evaluated by Pearson analysis. The threshold of the dosimetric prediction was obtained by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Finally, the feasibility of dosimetric limitation in IMRT was assessed.Results:The pancreatic volume of 30 patients was 37.6 cm 3, and 89.0% of them were involved in PTV. D mean of the pancreas was 45.92 Gy, and 46.45 Gy, 46.46 Gy and 45.80 Gy for the pancreatic head, body and tail, respectively. The fasting blood glucose level did not significantly change. The serum lipase levels were significantly decreased by 66% and 77%(both P<0.001), and the serum amylase levels were significantly declined by 24% and 38%(both P<0.001) at 6 and 12 months after radiotherapy. Pancreatic volumes of 22 patients was decreased by 47% within 18 months after radiotherapy. ROC curve analysis showed that pancreatic V 45Gy had the optimal predictive value for the decrease by 1/3 of serum lipase and amylase levels at 6 months and serum amylase level at 12 months after radiotherapy, and the cut-off value was V 45Gy<85%. Pancreatic D mean yielded the optimal predictive value for the decrease by 2/3 of serum lipase level at 12 months after radiotherapy, and the cut-off value was D mean<45.01 Gy. After" whole pancreas" and" outside PTV pancreas" dose limit, V 45Gy of the pancreas was decreased by 11% and 7%, D mean of the pancreas was declined by 2% and 2%, and D mean of the pancreatic tail was decreased by 3%, respectively. Conclusions:Serum lipase and amylase levels significantly decline at 6 and 12 months after adjuvant radiotherapy for gastric cancer, and pancreatic volume is decreased significantly within 18 months after radiotherapy. Pancreatic V 45Gy<85% and D mean<45.01 Gy are the dose prediction values for the decrease of serum lipase and amylase levels. The dose can be reduced to certain extent by dosimetric restriction.

AIM:To establish a model of meibomian gland dysfunction in rats induced by eyeliner tattoo and investigate its potential mechanisms.METHODS:A total of 40 SD rats were selected, with 30 randomly chosen to have eyeliner tattoo applied their right eyes and designated as the eyeliner group. The remaining 10 rats were not given any treatment and served as the normal group. The corneal morphology of both groups was observed using a slit lamp at 1, 2, and 4 wk after establishment, and the tear film break-up time(BUT), Schirmer I test(SIt), corneal fluorescein staining score, and corneal irregularity score were calculated. The corneal Placido rings were examined using an ocular surface analyzer, and the corneal tissue structures of both groups were observed under a confocal microscope. After 4 wk and completion of clinical indicator recording, the eyeballs and upper and lower eyelid tissues were taken for pathological examination. The meibomian gland structures were observed through HE staining, the conjunctival goblet cells were observed using PAS staining, and the lipid droplets were observed with ORO staining.RESULTS:The slit lamp examination results showed that the eyeliner group rats exhibited in situ black pigmentation in the eyelids, with no eyelid deformation or scarring. The corneal epithelium was rough, with positive fluorescein staining, presenting as spotty staining that worsened over time. Compared with the normal group, the BUT was significantly shortened, tear secretion volume was significantly decreased, and the corneal fluorescein staining score and corneal irregularity score were significantly increased at 1, 2, and 4 wk after modeling in the eyeliner group(all P<0.01). The corneal confocal microscopy results showed a decrease in corneal epithelial cells in the eyeliner group, with the appearance of abnormally bright cells, and inflammatory cell infiltration visible in the stromal layer. The ORO staining results revealed a decrease in lipid droplets in the eyeliner group, showing a downward trend with increasing observation time. The HE staining results showed that pigment blocked the meibomian gland openings in the eyeliner group, and the density of meibomian gland acini showed a downward trend over time. The PAS staining results showed a decreasing trend in the number of PAS-positive cells in the eyeliner group.CONCLUSION:Eyeliner tattoo can induce meibomian gland dysfunction, and the blockage of meibomian gland openings caused by the pigment particles used may be an important cause of meibomian gland dysfunction.