Aim To investigate the anti-inflammatory molecular mechanism of chlorogenic acid extracted from Lonicera confusa DC in vitro.Methods PM? of a rat was segregated.MTT assay was used to detect the effects of the chlorogenic acid on PM? cells growth activities. PM? was stimulated with LPS for a prolonged period,ELISA was used to detect the level of TNF-?,IL-6 and PGE2 in the supernatant;COX-2 activity was determined by the level of PGE2 in the supernatant.After stimulating PM? with A23187 for a short time,the 6-keto-PGF1? level in the supernatant was measured by radioimmunoassay to express COX-1 activity.Results Chlorogenic acid had no inhibitive effects between 31.25 mg?L-1 and 1000 mg?L-1.The level of TNF-?,IL-6 and PGE2 in drug groups was lower than that of LPS-induced group,and the difference was significant,in a dose-dependent manner.The concentration of 50 mg?L-1 group was ineffective in the expression of TNF-?.Low concentration chlorogenic acid inhibited the expression of 6-keto-PGF1?,while high-concentration induced it.Conclusions The anti-inflammatory effect of chlorogenic acid may be related to inhibiting TNF-?,IL-6 activity and affecting exogenous AA metabolism.

0.05),but it was significantly lower than that in LTP group (P

Now human parasites are still important pathogens to harm human health.Researches on parasites have ranged from the simple aetiology to the field of studying vital phenomena by modern science.However some domestic medical colleges cut out the course of human parasitology without enough consideration.Aiming directly at this phenomenon the author has discussed the scientific orientation of human parasitology in preclinical medicine education and expounded the point of view.

Adult ; Female ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Diseases ; Nasopharynx ; pathology

Objective To detect the expression of CD 44 +/CD24 -and E-cadherin and vimentin in non-small cell lung cancer and its clinical prognostic relevance .Methods By immunohistochemistry , detecting , 500 cases of non-small cell lung cancer E -cadherin ,Vimentin and CD44 +/CD24 -expressions′correlation ,we analyzed the relationship with non -small cell lung cancer .Results In non-small cell lung cancer , vimentin was related to tissue differentiation,TNM staging(P<0.05);there was relationship between CD44 +/CD24 -and EMT by E-cadherin expression(P <0.05);CD44 +/CD24 -expression was related to lymph node metastasis , differentiation(P<0.05);their expressions were not obviously related to age ,sex,smoking history,clinical patho-logical type .The survival time of CD44 +/CD24 -high expression in NSCLC was significantly shorter than lower expression in NSCLC(P<0.05).Conclusion EMT malignant phenomenon raises cancer stem cells ,which can lead to the development of malignant cells poorly differentiated trends ,they are not an isolated process;important role in the development of EMT and CD 44 +/CD24 -union occurs in non -small cell lung cancer and prognosis with patients ,which provides a potential breakthrough in the treatment of cancer prevention and treatment targets .

Objective To study the metastasis of lymph node of breast cancer patients in clinical T1-T2 N0 M0 and its clinical significance in (sentinel lymph node biopsy, SLNB). Methods A total of 276 pa-tients of breast cancer were enrolled in the study (T1 N0M0 cases =115 ; T2N0M0 cases = 161 ). The metas-tasis and distribution of axillary node by virtue of the location of primary tumor, ages and pathologic status were analyzed. Results The metastasis rate of axillary node in T1 N0M0 patients was less than T2 N0 M0 (P =0.027), while that in the central and lower outer quadrant's was higher than in other' s parts(P =0.004).When the tumor located in outer quadrant, the axillary node metastasis rate of Berg I was highest in the cen-tral, outer and inner quadrant(P =0.000). But the metastasis rate of Berg Ⅲ was lowest in the three quad-rants (P = 0. 000). For the pathologic status, the metastasis rate of invasive carcinoma-not otherwise speci-fied(NOS) was higher than early breast carcinoma and other pathologic categories (P =0.000). More than 2 groups axillary node metastasis was found in 6 of 9 patients with carcinoma simplex. The 90 cases with axilla-ry node metastasis were analyzed by age. Axillary node was easier for metastasis in those cases aged above 50years than those below 50 years(68.9% vs 31.1% )(P =0. 000). Two eases with skip metastasis were in T2 No Mo (invasive ductal carcinoma disease = 1, carcinoma simplex disease = 1 ). Conclusion The distri-bution of the metastasis of lymph node in clinical T1 ,T2 N0M0 breast cancer plays an important role in SLNB and formulating reasonable treatment protocols.

Objective To compare volumetric‐modulated arc therapy(VMAT) with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for brain metastases with regard to the dosimetric character .Methods Sixty patients who were diagnosed with brain me‐tastases were included in this study .The target area received two dose levels using late addition amount technique ,WBRT (30 Gy/10 F) with following addition (20 Gy/10 F) to 59 Gy .For a fair comparison ,VMAT and IMRT treatment plans were respectively designed for every patient with the same dosimetric constraints .Dosimetric comparisons between VMAT and IMRT plans were ana‐lyzed to evaluate :target coverage and homogeneity ,conformity of PTV ;sparing of OARs ;monitor units (MUs) .Results Two treatment plans all reached the treatment need .When compared with IMRT ,there was no significant difference in Dmean of eyeball , len ,optic never ,visual chiasma ,parotid ,brain stem ,and external auditory canal of VMAT (P>0 .05) .The Dmax of eyeball ,len ,pa‐rotid ,and external auditory canal of VMAT were lower than that in IMRT group (P<0 .05) .The VMAT group has the less MUs (P=0 .017) and less treatment time .Conclusion VMAT can reach the big‐dose radiotherapy need on brain metastases clinically . There are no significant diffference between VMAT and IMRT on Dmax ,Dmean ,CI ,and HI .The Dmax of eyeball ,len ,parotid ,and external auditory canal of VMAT were lower than that in IMRT group .The VMAT can reduce the radiotherapy time .

Objective To evaluate the role of alpha4 beta2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the inhibition of synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) by isoflurane in the CA1 area of rat hippocampal slices.Methods Hippocampal slices (400 μm thick) were prepared from the brains of adult male SD rats, 2 months old, weighing 200-250 g, anesthetized with ether and decapitated. The slices were incubated in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) at room temperature for at least 2 h before use. Seventy slices were randomly divided into 10 groups ( n = 7 each): Ⅰ LTP group in which the slices were perfused with aCSF; Ⅱ , Ⅲ and Ⅳ group in which the slices were perfused with aCSF containing isoflurane 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mmol/L respectively (group Ⅰ1-3 );Ⅴ and Ⅵ group in which the slices were perfused with aCSF containing epibatidine 0.1 and 1.0 μmol/L respectively (group E1.2 ); Ⅶ group epibatidine 0.1 μmol/L + isoflurane 0.25 mmol/L (group E1 + I2 ); Ⅷgroup epibatidine 1.0 μmol/L + isoflurane 0.25 mmol/L (group E2 + I2); Ⅸ group DHβE 0.1 μmol/L (group D); Ⅹ group DHβE 0.1 μmol/L + isoflurane 0.125 mmol/L (group D + I1 ). Population spikes (PS) were recorded for at least 30 min before LTP in each group. For LTP induction, high-frequency stimulation (HFS) was applied to the Schaffer collateral-commissural pathway of hippocampus and maintained for 15 min using a stimulating electrode.The changes in PS amplitude were analyzed at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min after HFS in each group. Results Compared with group LTP, the PS amplitude was significantly decreased after HFS in group I1 ,I2, I3 , D, D + I1 and E1 + I2 ( P ＜ 0.05), while increased after HFS in group E1 .2 ( P ＜ 0.05 ), but no significant change was found after HFS in group E2 + I2 ( P ＞ 0.05). The PS amplitude was significantly decreased after HFS in group D + I1 compared with group I1 (P ＜ 0.05). The PS amplitude was significantly increased after HFS in group E1 + I2 and F2 + I2 compared with group I2 ( P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusion Isoflurane inhibits LTP induction via inhibiting the activation of alpha4 beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in rat hippocampus.

Objective:To investigate the alteration of delayed memory and its relationship with neurogenesis and angiogenesis in vascular dementia (VD) rats after moxibustion therapy. Methods: Two hundred adult male SPF Wistar rats were chosen for the experiment. Thirty-six rats were randomly selected as the sham operation group. Except for rats in the sham operation group (n=36), the others were made into VD models by bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAo). After modeling, the 108 survived rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: a model group, a neural stem cells (NSCs) plus endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) moxibustion group and a NSCs moxibustion group. Co-transplanted implant was transplanted into the rats in the NSCs plus EPCs moxibustion group, and the rats in the NSCs moxibustion group were transplanted by NSCs only. The NSCs plus EPCs moxibustion group and the NSCs moxibustion group received suspended moxibustion therapy at Baihui (GV 20), Dazhui (GV 14) and Shenting (GV 24), (each group was divided into 3 subgroups by the treatment course as 1, 2 and 3 courses). Every group was measured by Morris water maze to evaluate its delayed memory after 3 treatment courses and the rat’s brain was taken out after perfusion of 4% paraformaldehyde one day after 1, 2 and 3 treatment courses, respectively. Marker protein expression was detected by laser confocal microscope to analyze the effect on neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Results: VD rats showed delayed memory in Morris water maze test 3 d after ischemic injury. After 3 courses of moxibustion therapy, VD-induced delayed memory deficits were improved in the NSCs plus EPCs moxibustion group and the NSCs moxibustion group. The expressions of nestin, doublecortin (DCX) and CD34 increased significantly in the two moxibusiton groups after every treatment course (all P＜0.05), which might contribute to the neurogenesis and angiogenesis in hippocampus. In addition, compared with the rats in the NSCs moxibustion group, the expressions of nestin, DCX and CD34 increased significantly in the NSCs plus EPCs moxibustion group (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Moxibustion can reverse VD-induced delayed memory deficits, which may be related to the promotion of neurogenesis and angiogenesis.

Etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (MS),a complicated three-dimensional spinal deformity with early-onset,receives continuous attention but remains unclear.To gain an insight into AIS pathogenesis,this review searched PubMed database up to June 2019,using key words or medical subject headings terms including "adolescent idiopathic scoliosis," "scoliosis," "pathogenesis,etiology," "generics,mesenchymal stem cells," and their combinations,summarized existing literatures and categorized the theories or hypothesis into nine aspects.These aspects include bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell studies,genetic studies,tissue analysis,spine biomechanics measurements,neurologic analysis,hormone studies,biochemical analysis,environmental factor analysis,and lifestyle explorations.These categories could be a guidance for further etiology or treatment researches to gain inspiration.