Objective To investigate the distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in patients with chronic HBV infections and the correlations of genotypes with liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods Serological,virological and pathological data of 190 patients with chronic HBV infections admitted to Hangzhou First People's Hospital during June 2007 and June 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.The series included 62 cases of chronic hepatitis B (CHB),60 cases of liver cirrhosis and 68 cases of HCC.HBV was genotyped by multiplex PCR,and subgenotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).SPSS 11.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results Among 190 patients,61 were HBV genotype B (32.1％),126 were genotype C (66.3％),and 3 were B + C hybrid.HBV B2 (61/61,100.0％) and C2 (123/126,97.6％) were the major subgenotypes.HBV genotype B was more prevalent in CHB patients (46.8％,29/62) than in liver cirrhosis (20.0％,12/60) and in HCC patients (29.4％,20/68) (x2 =8.73 and 4.16,P＜0.01 or P＜0.05),whereas the prevalence of genotype C was higher in liver cirrhosis and HCC than that in CHB (x2 =9.54 and 4.17,P ＜0.01 or P ＜ 0.05).Patients with genotype C2 had higher serum hyaluronic acid level than with genotype B2 in 3 groups (t =2.685,2.433 and 2.015,P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05).CHB patients with C2 infections had higher liver fibrosis grade than those with B2 (x2 =6.726,P =0.010),while there was no statistical difference in liver inflammation grade (x2 =0.601,P ＞ 0.05).HCC patients with B2 infection tended to have larger tumor diameter (≥5 cm) (x2 =7.231,P ＜ 0.01) and those with C2 infection were prone to be more serious cirrhosis (x2 =4.910,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions HBV genotypes C2 and B2 are predominant in patients with chronic HBV infections in Hangzhou.HCC patients infected with HBV C2 may be complicated with more severe liver fibrosis,and those with HBV B2 infections may tend to have larger liver tumor.

Objective:To investigate the effect of 3 HLA matching measures on preventing hyperacute rejection(HAR). Methods:Among 1 152 cases,550 cases received anti donor lymphocytotoxic crossmatch(LXM),335 cases received LXM and HLA serological test,267 cases of the latter again received panel reaction antibody(PRA)test, the change of the HAR rate with different HLA matching measures were analyzed. Results:If LXM value ≤10% or HLA matched loci ≥3,the rate of HAR was unrelated to LXM value or HLA matched loci. HAR rate decreased significantly in patients with LXM and HLA serological test, and decreased more markedly in those with additional PRA test compared with those only with LXM test. Conclusion:HLA test and PRA are necessary and effective to avoid HAR.

OBJECTIVETo develop a method for determining epichlorohydrin in the workplace air by gas chromatograph-electron capture detector (GC-ECD).

METHODSEpichlorohydrin in the workplace air was collected by activated charcoal tubes, desorbed using acetone, and analyzed by GC-ECD.

RESULTSA good linearity was obtained in the range of 1.0-50 µg/mL (r=0.999 7). The detection limit was 0.012 µg/ml, while the recovery rate was 88.1% and relative standard deviation ranged from 1.11% to 3.57%. The samples could be stored for seven days at room temperature.

CONCLUSIONThis method effectively eliminates the interferences of alkanes on determination of epichlorohydrin and improves the sensitivity by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude, which can solve the problem of detection limit above standard in GBZ/T 160.58-2004.

Low back pain is an important cause of disability worldwide. It has a high incidence rate and brings a huge burden to families and society. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is one of the leading factors causing low back pain and the pathological basis of degenerative disc diseases, such as intervertebral disc herniation and spinal stenosis. However, the etiology of IDD is complex, and the risk factors and specific mechanisms behind remain unclear. Some controversial views have also been observed. Surgery is often considered for patients with severe intervertebral disc diseases, but there is no effective treatment for IDD at the early and middle stages. It will be of great significance to in-depth explore the molecular biological mechanisms and related risk factors, which can bring benefits to the prevention, accurate diagnosis, early treatment, and rehabilitation of degenerative disc diseases. Refer to the literatures published in the past ten years, this paper describes the latest research progress on risk factors related to IDD in terms of aging, genetics, mechanical loading, low-grade infection, biological rhythms, smoking, metabolic disease, estrogen, and nutrition. The results show that IDD is affected by multiple risk factors. These factors can interact with each other, and lead to death, phenotypic transformation, and metabolic disorder of disc cells, leading to a reduction of extracellular matrix and an unbalanced microenvironment and eventually loss of structural integrity of intervertebral disc tissue and IDD. A good body clock, a controlled weight, an appropriate blood glucose level, adequate nutrition, no smoking, a good hormone level, moderate exercise, avoiding injury, and strict aseptic techniques in the clinic will bring benefits to the progress of IDD.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Acute Disease ; therapy ; Adult ; Female ; Hemorrhoids ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To evaluate clinical remission in patients with small bowel Crohn's disease (SBCD) who have received infliximab(IFX) therapy and to evaluate capsule endoscopy combined with ileocolonoscopy for mucosal healing at 14th week of IFX therapy.Methods Clinical data of 23 SBCD patients who received IFX were retrospectively analyzed.Laboratory indices [routine blood tests,C-reactive protein (CRP)and albumin],Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI),Lewis score (LS),Crohn's disease simplified endoscopic score (SES-CD),side effects and complications were compared before IFX treatment and at 14th week of IFX therapy.Results In 23 SBCD patients,both CDAI and CRP levels significantly decreased (P＜0.01) while body mass index (BMI) and albumin levels increased at 14th week (P＜0.05),compared with those before treatment.The clinical remission rate at 14th week was 91.3％ (21/23).There were 8/23 (34.8％)SBCD patients achieving mucosal healing in small bowel,12/21 (57.1％) in terminal ileum and colon,and 7/21 (33.3％) in both small bowel and colon.Twelve patients achieved both clinical remission and biochemical remission at 14th week and all of them achieved mucosal healing in both terminal ileum and colon (SES-CD ≤ 2).However,there were 5 (41.7％) of them still with small bowel inflammation (LS＞ 135).Conclusion IFX plays a role in promoting clinical remission and mucosal healing in SBCD patients.Mucosal healing of CD patients in terminal ileum and other parts of small intestine are not synchronized.For CD patients with small bowel and colon involved,the evaluation of the whole gastrointestinal tract by capsule endoscopy combined with ileocolonoscopy is recommended on condition that they have no intestinal obstruction or severe stricture.

Objective To study the proteins related to aging in aortic of old rats for laying the foundation of further study of aging mechanism.Methods The rat model of aging was built,and all model rats were divided into 4 groups:the adult group(9 weeks),the old group(12 months)of WistarKyoto (WKY) rats,and the age-matched spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).Blood pressure of 4 groups was observed.Morphological change of aorta was observed by HE staining.Differential proteins were identified by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation,(iTRAQ)-coupled liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry technology.Part of differential proteins was subsequently detected by real time PCR and Western blot.Results The mean SBP of the old group SHR was higher than WKY of 97.1％ (t=39.00,P＜0.05),and the adult group of SHR was also higher than WKY of 5.4％(t=3.64,P＜0.05).Compared with the adult group,aging change in the aortic morphology of old SHR and WKY were shown in HE staining,and the change in SHR rats was more marked.7 proteins related to aging were identified by Mass spectrum analysis,and they were Profilin-1,Prelamin A,HSP70,creatine kinase-M,Fibulin-5,eIF5A and Prohibitin.Part of differential proteins was subsequently confirmed by real time PCR and Western blot.Prelamin-A was up-regulated in the old group of WKY and SHR (0.15±0.01 vs.0.45±0.04,0.34±0.02 vs.0.78±0.06) (t=12.67,12.06,all P＜0.01),Prohibitin was down-regulated in the old group of WKY and SHR(1.34±0.05 vs.1.01± 0.06,1.24±0.05 vs.0.88±0.08) (t=7.41,7.09,all P＜0.01).Profilin-1 was up-regulated in the old group of WKY and SHR (9.12±0.4 vs.20.76±0.8,16.84±0.5 vs.55.16±0.9) (t=22.55,64.46,both P＜0.01),and Profilin-1 expression in the old group of SHR was higher thanWKY (55.16±0.90 vs.20.76±0.8,t=49.49,P＜0.01).Conclusions Differential proteins of the old rat aorta are identified through the comparative proteomics method.These differential proteins will provide new targets for the prevention and control of vascular aging.

Objective:To construct a human Fab phage antibody library and to obtain some recombinant clones which can express Fab fragment antibody against ? 1-adrenergic receptor.Methods:Fd heavy chain gene and ??? light chains gene of IgG obtained by RT-PCR from peripheral lymphocytes of DCM patients whose anti ? 1-AR antibodies are present were cloned into pComb3 vector and the human Fab phage antibody library was constructed.The library was panned by phage display technology with ? 1-ARECⅡ as antigen.Results:A human Fab phage antibody library with 1.4?10 6 capability was constructed successfully,a positive clone against human ? 1-AR was screened from the phage antibody library.Conclusion:The recombinant clones which express Fab antibody against ? 1-AR can be obtained by phage display technology.

AIM: To evaluate the results of preservative free sodium hyaluronate and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) eye drops in the treatment of dry eyes after eye operation.·METHODS: One hundred and thirty two patients of dryeyes underwent 149 different eye surgeries. The Schirmer test Ⅰ and tear break up time (BUT) were performed prior to surgery and post operatively after 2 weeks and after 4 weeks when the patients were using Oflaxacine, Tobramycin-dexamethasone eye drops. In addition, preservative free sodium hyaluronate and bFGF eye drops were given post operatively. The antibiotic-cortisone eye drops were stopped after the requirted period depending on the type of eye surgery done, and preservative free sodium hyaluronate and bFGF eye drops were stopped after 4 weeks.Then, after 5 weeks Schirmer test Ⅰ and BUT were done.·RESULTS: The Schirmer test Ⅰ and BUT results prior to surgery and after eye surgery showed a statistically significant improvement of the dry eye condition.·CONCLUSION: Usage of preservative free sodium hysluronate and bFGF eye drops help definitely in the management of dry eye after ophthalmic surgery.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of infliximab (IFX) treatment in inducing and maintaining deep remission (DR) in patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease (CD).Methods From February 2012 to April 2014,the clinical data of 26 patients with moderate to severe CD received IFX treatment were retrospectively analyzed.Laboratory indexes (erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),C-reactive protein (CRP),albumin),Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI),Crohn's disease simplified endoscopic score (SES-CD),rate of DR and side effects were observed before treatment,at week 14 and week 30.The t test was performed for normal distribution measurement data comparison between two groups.Wilcoxon signed rank test was performed for non normal distribution measurement data comparison between two groups.Chi square test and Fisher exact probability method were used for rate comparison.Results In 26 patients with CD,at week 14,the CDAI significantly decreased compared with that before treatment (225.0(124.0,265.0) vs 80.0(67.0,124.7),Z=-4.265,P＜0.01); ESR and CRP levels also significantly decreased while body mass index (BMI) and albumin levels increased.The rate of clinical remission,mucosal healing under endoscope and DR was 80.0 ％ (21/26),42.3 ％ (11/ 26) and 34.6％ (9/26),respectively.The rate of clinical remission was higher in patients with the disease course less than one year (92.3％ vs 69.2％,P=0.32).At week 30,the CDAI of patients significantly decreased compared with that before treatment (225.0(124.0,265.0) vs 81.5(67.0,111.0),Z=-4.877,P＜0.01); the ESR and CRP levels significantly decreased; while the BMI and albumin levels increased.The rate of clinical remission,mucosal healing under endoscope and DR was 88.5 ％ (23/26),57.7％(15/26) and 53.8％ (14/26),respectively.Rate of clinical remission was higher in patients with the disease course less than one year (100.0％ vs 76.9％,P=0.22).The differences in the rates of clinical remission,mucosal healing and DR between week 14 and week 30 were not statistically significant.Conclusion IFX could induce and maintain DR in patients with moderate to severe CD.