Objective To study the photodynamic performance and the killing effect of photodynamic therapy on lung cancer of novel chlorin compounds 2-（4-（5,15,20-triphenyl-7H,8H-porphyrin-10-yl） phenoxy） acetic acid（D1）and 4-（4-（5,15,20-triphenyl-7H,8H-porphyrin-10-yl） phenoxy） butanoic acid （D2）. Methods The ultraviolet visible absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum of D1 and D2 were determined. The singlet oxygen generation capacity of D1 and D2 was measured by using DPBF as singlet oxygen capture agent. Fluorescence assay was used to detect the cellular phagocytosis rate of the compounds in A549 cells, and MTT assay was used to detect their dark toxicity and phototoxicity. A nude mouse model of lung cancer was established to investigate the antitumor activity of the compounds mediated photodynamic action in vivo, and the blood concentration of D2 in nude mice, its distribution in tumor tissue and skin tissue were further detected. Results D1 and D2 had strong absorption at 652 nm with the best excitation wavelength at 429 nm and 427 nm, and the optimal emission wavelength was at about 659 nm. They also had a higher singlet oxygen generation rate than the control drug m-THPC. D1 and D2 had no dark toxicity at concentrations below 10 μmol/L, and could be ingested by A549 cells, basically reaching saturation in 18~24 hours. After laser irradiation at 650 nm wavelength, D1 and D2 showed significant antitumor activity in vivo and in vitro （P<0.01）. However, D2 could selectively accumulate in tumor tissues after administration, and the optimal treatment time was less than 30 min after administration. Conclusion D2 had excellent photodynamic antitumor activity and could selectively aggregate in tumor tissues, which had the potential to be a candidate drug for photosensitizer and treatment of lung cancer with independent intellectual property rights, and was worth further research.

ObjectiveTo investigate the current awareness and optimization recommendations on pneumonia with unknown etiology (PUE) surveillance among Shanghai healthcare professionals, and to provide evidence for the improvement of the surveillance system. MethodsIn December 2024, healthcare professional participants from diverse medical and health institutions were randomly selected within each stratum using a stratified cluster sampling method in all 16 districts of Shanghai for questionnaire surveys on their knowledge and suggestions for optimization of the PUE surveillance system. Descriptive statistics analyses, multivariate logistic regressions, and content analyses were used for data analyses. ResultsA total of 385 survey subjects were involved in the study, including 119 professional staffs from disease prevention and control centers and 266 from medical institutions. Those who understood the case definition for PUE correctly accounted for 67.01% (258/385). Multivariate regression model analyses showed that female gender (aOR=2.22, 95%CI: 1.36‒3.66), professionals from disease control institutions (aOR=2.02, 95%CI: 1.12‒3.72), and those who self-assessed as being familiar with the monitoring system (aOR=2.18, 95%CI:1.23‒3.89) had better understanding of the definition. Overall, 89.61% (345/385) of the survey subjects acknowledged the necessity of the surveillance system. Small number of cases meeting the case definition (54.46%, 214/379), insufficient diagnostic awareness (39.84%, 151/379), and lack of incentives for case reporting (29.29%, 111/379) were major problems for the current surveillance system, with variations observed across different types of institutions. Suggested segments for optimizing the surveillance system included monitoring purpose, case definition, form of monitoring and reporting procedure, organization mechanism, and epidemiological investigation and response. ConclusionThe necessity of PUE surveillance is commonly recognized among healthcare workers. However, the existing system falls short in terms of mastery of case definition and overall surveillance adaptability. There is an urgent need for optimization and improvement to enhance the capacity for preventing and controlling emerging and sudden respiratory infectious diseases.

Diabetic nephropathy （DN） is one of the most common and serious microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus and represents a major cause of chronic kidney disease progression and end-stage kidney disease， thereby constituting a major public health problem that adversely affects the prognosis and quality of life of patients with diabetes mellitus. The pathogenesis and progression of DN are complex and involve multiple pathological processes， including insulin resistance， inflammation， oxidative stress， lipid deposition， podocyte injury， and renal fibrosis. Although current clinical therapies can delay the progression of DN to some extent， their effectiveness remains limited by marked interindividual variability in therapeutic response and the difficulty of fully reversing renal injury. Therefore， further elucidation of the key molecular mechanisms underlying DN and the exploration of effective therapeutic strategies are of considerable importance. In recent years， with advances in the understanding of DN pathogenesis， peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ （PPARγ）， an important nuclear receptor transcription factor involved in the regulation of insulin resistance， inflammation， oxidative stress， and fibrotic processes， has attracted increasing attention for its role in the development and progression of DN. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， characterized by multi-component， multi-target， and multi-pathway synergistic regulation， may ameliorate pathological processes including metabolic abnormalities， inflammation， oxidative stress， lipid deposition， and renal fibrosis in DN by targeting PPARγ and its associated signaling networks. This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms by which PPARγ and its related signaling pathways regulate DN and reviews recent advances in TCM interventions targeting the PPARγ signaling pathway in DN. Such TCM interventions encompass single herbs such as Coptidis Rhizoma， active constituents such as quercetin， astragaloside Ⅳ， and trigonelline， extracts of herbs such as Plantaginis Herba and Dendrobii Nobilis Caulis， and formulas such as Huangkui capsules， Shenshuaining granules， and Mudan granules. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of DN with TCM.

Objective:To investigate the electron microscopic evaluation results of pre-transplant biopsies of deceased donor kidneys and the corresponding recovery of graft function in recipients after kidney transplantation.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data and donor kidney electron microscopy (EM) reports of 196 kidney transplant recipients who underwent pre-implantation kidney biopsies at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University between October 2020 and June 2023. The ultrastructural pathological features assessed in the pre-transplant kidney biopsy included: the number of glomeruli, the presence of leukocytes and endothelial cells within the glomeruli, the arrangement of capillary loops, abnormalities in podocytes, mesangial cells, mesangial matrix and glomerular basement membrane (GBM), and multilayering of the peritubular capillary basement membrane. Referring to the Mayo Clinic/Renal Pathology Society Consensus Report on the pathological classification, diagnosis, and reporting of glomerulonephritis, the expert consensus on renal biopsy pathology reporting models, and the content of the 2019 Banff Transplant Pathology Meeting, a scoring system was established for ultrastructural pathology of donor kidneys. According to the scores, the recipients were divided into three groups: Group A (total score ≥ 8 points, 94 cases), Group B (total score between 6 and 8 points, 85 cases), and Group C (total score < 6 points, 17 cases). The serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and proteinuria at postoperative day 1, day 7, month 1, month 3, month 6, and year 1 were compared among the three groups.Results:Among the 196 donor kidneys, EM examination before transplantation showed the following findings: 19 cases (9.7%) had prominent leukocyte infiltration within the glomeruli, 8 cases (4.1%) had mild leukocyte infiltration, and the remaining 169 cases (86.2%) showed no obvious increase in glomerular leukocytes. Glomerular capillary loop collapse or narrowing was seen in 19 cases (9.7%). Endothelial cell proliferation was observed in 32 cases (16.3%). Homogeneous thickening of the GBM (400-900 nm) was present in 82 cases (41.8%). Foot process effacement ranged from partial to diffuse. Podocyte vacuolar degeneration was seen in 62 cases (32.1%), and podocyte swelling in 10 cases (5.1%). Electron-dense deposits in the mesangial area were observed in 9 cases (4.6%). Mild tubular epithelial swelling was present in 6 cases (3.1%). Only 22 cases (11.2%) showed no multilayering of the peritubular capillary basement membrane, while 174 cases (88.8%) showed 2 to 5 layers of multilayering. All donor glomeruli showed irregular capillary loop arrangement, and the renal interstitium showed scattered inflammatory infiltration and varying degrees of collagen fiber deposition. Group C had significantly higher qualitative proteinuria levels at day 7 and month 1 post-transplantation compared with Groups A and B ( P=0.036, 0.004). There were no statistically significant differences in other renal function indicators among the groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Pre-transplant electron microscopy of donor kidneys helps in accurately assessing donor kidney quality and identifying subtle pre-existing pathological changes. It can serve as a reference tool for predicting post-transplant functional recovery. Mild ultrastructural abnormalities in donor kidneys have a relatively controllable impact on long-term graft outcomes.

The Animal Molecular Biology course is a crucial and foundational course for both Animal Medicine and Animal Science majors.Apart from teaching fundamental principles of molecular biology,the course provides updated applications of these principles in the field of animal science research.Im-portantly,it plays a fundamental role in cultivating students'research capabilities.With the rise of over-whelming information and their optimal utilization,the demand for integrating digital education with tradi-tional teaching methods is increasing.Based on the five years of teaching practice,this paper summarizes four highlights of the course:the construction of teaching resource,the restructuring of teaching syllabus,the adjustment of classroom teaching hours,and the improvement of assessment methodology.It focuses on Electronic-Learning"E(E-Learning)",offline classroom intensive teaching"C(Classroom)",and post-class extension to construct a blended teaching model that integrates Electronic-Learning and Class-room teaching,namely the"E+C"blended teaching model.Offline classroom teaching emphasizes the combination of theory and knowledge systems,while online Electronic-Learning mainly focuses on popular science and interesting aspects to stimulate students' interests and enthusiasm in learning.Over five years of practice,the"E+C"blended model has been proven to exert a good teaching effect.Students have reported significant gains from the course,with tightly connected and strongly complementary class-room teaching and E-Learning,which greatly aids in mastering professional knowledge.It also cultivates intrinsic motivation for learning and enhances the sense of accomplishment in acquiring knowledge,sig-nificantly improving teaching effectiveness.

Objective This study investigated feasible cases and their significance in promoting the"generalized"development of inspection through digital-intelligent equipment.Methods A qualitative research approach was used,involving interviews conducted between February 2025 and March 2025 with experts in traditional Chinese medicine diagnostics,clinical research methodology,medical engineering integration,and related disciplines,using both online and offline methods.In accordance with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research,feasible cases involving the specific application of digital equipment in various parts of observation were collected through item enrichment.The significance of extending observation capabilities via these cases was analyzed,along with the overall implications of integrating digital technologies with traditional inspection method.Results Interviews were completed with 11 experts from domestic universities and research institutes in the fields of traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis,medical engineering integration,and related disciplines.A total of 78 feasible cases of digital-intelligent inspection were identified,along with 69 insights regarding the significance of enhancing the inspection capabilities.These insights were synthesized into two dimensions and 23 holistic meanings.The first dimension is to expand the scope of inspection,including obtaining internal environmental characteristics,observing external environmental characteristics,expanding thermodynamic characteristic data,and crossing time and space.The second dimension is to improve the quality of observation and diagnosis information collection and analysis,including 19 specific meanings,such as standardized collection environment,objective quantification,and refined observation.Conclusion Digital-intelligent equipment plays a significant role in expanding the scope of inspection content and achieving high-quality acquisition and analysis of extensive inspection information.These advancements extend and enrich the capabilities of traditional inspection method in traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective: To investigate the distribution characteristics of CD36 antigen in healthy individuals in Xinjiang, China and analyze the molecular mechanisms underlying CD36 deficiency. Methods: Flow cytometry was used to assess CD36 antigen expression on platelets from 881 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations between June and August 2023. Differences in CD36 antigen distribution among ethnic groups were compared, and genotyping and third-generation sequencing were conducted on samples with CD36 deficiency. Results: Among the 881 samples, 4 cases (0.5%) of CD36 type Ⅱ deficiency were identified. The deficiency frequency was 0.7% (3/430) in Han individuals and 0.3% (1/363) in Uygur individuals, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). No mutations were detected in the coding regions of the deficient samples. Two samples exhibited a (TG)11 in intron 3. Among the 12 linked mutation sites, g. 55589 G>A was mutated to g. 55589G Del, while g. 55593 A del did not occur; however, g. 55591A>T was observed nearby. Additionally, 52742insGAAAA was present in 100% of the (TG)11 haplotypes, potentially representing a novel linked mutation. Conclusion: This study indicates that the positive frequency of CD36 antigen in Xinjiang is relatively high, suggesting a low risk of alloimmune diseases in clinical practice. The (TG)11 in intron 3 is not universally present in all CD36 type Ⅱ deficiency cases, and the number of linked mutation sites extends beyond the previously reported 12.

Under the Healthy China strategy, the training of preventive medicine professionals should conform to the development of the times and the needs of public health. The article analyzed the problem of "disconnection between medical care and prevention" in teaching the course of Obstetrics and Gynecology for students majoring in preventive medicine, and proposed to strengthen the strategy of "integration of medical care and prevention". Guided by the concepts of "Comprehensive Health", with the cornerstone of cultivating morality and talents, the reform focused on enhancing the post competency of preventive medicine talents. Course content was optimized by reinforcing prevention-focused elements, student-centered teaching method innovation was advocated, and simulation-based training teaching system was established. Moreover, projects integrating science and education were used to improve faculty teaching capacity with tiered and diversified approaches. Course assessment methods were revised and "ideological and political education" was incorporated to establish the education concept of "emphasis on prevention and integration of medical care and prevention". The survey showed that these reform measures effectively improved the comprehensive clinical literacy of preventive medicine students in obstetrics and gynecology, which is of great significance for building a "integration of medical care and prevention" public health talent training model. In the future, the long-term effectiveness of course reform will be ensured from the perspectives of teaching resources, personnel investment, and policy support.

Objective: To investigate the distribution characteristics of Kidd blood group antigens, phenotypes and genotypes in Xinjiang and their influence on the risk of coronary heart disease. Methods: Samples from 7 981 patients treated at People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from August 1, 2023 to May 31, 2024 were collected for Jk(a-b-) phenotype screening via urea hemolysis test, followed by the third-generation sequencing (TGS). Kidd blood group Jk and Jk antigens in 1 081 patients with coronary heart disease and 1 021 healthy people were detected, and their phenotype frequency distribution was analyzed and corresponding gene frequencies were calculated. Correlation analysis and logistic regression were used to evaluate the influence of Kidd blood group antigen expression on coronary heart disease risk. Results: Two Jk(a-b-) phenotype samples were detected, both resulting from novel gene mutation combinations. Comparative analysis of two groups revealed a higher proportion of the Jk(a-b+) phenotype in the case group (22.5%, 243/1 081) than in the control group (18.5%, 189/1 021). Moreover, Kidd blood group phenotype distribution varied significantly across all ethnic groups in the case group (P<0.05). In the control group, the Hui ethnic group exhibited the highest JK JK genotype frequency 64.15% (34/53). In the case group, the highest JK allele frequency was observed in Mongol ethnic group 56.31% (125/222), and the lowest in Han patients 45.71% (341/746). The expression of Jk antigen was negatively correlated with coronary heart disease (P<0.05). Conclusion: The distribution of Kidd blood group system varied across ethnic groups in Xinjiang. The expression of Jk antigen may have protective effect on coronary heart disease, which provides a basis for future clinical blood transfusion treatment and the mechanism study of the correlation between Kidd blood group and coronary heart disease.