In terms of students,faculty and teaching methods,this article is involved in the problem of postgraduates'innovative ability and put up some solutions to that.The aim of the article is to help postgraduates to improve their innovative ability.

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of renal artery stenosis (RAS) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods Retrospective analysis was made based on the clinical and angiographic data of patients with CAD and RAS proved by angiography during May 2003 and August 2004. Results Forty-eight (13.7%) out of 350 CAD patients were identified with significant RAS. Multi-variance logistic analysis showed that age over 70 years old, serum creatinine greater than 120 ?mol/L, history of hypertension and multi-vessel coronary disease were the independent predictive factors. Conclusion The incidence of RAS in CAD patients was 13.7%. Routine renal angiography was recommended for CAD patients.

Glucaric acid (GA) is derived from glucose and commonly used in chemical industry. It is also considered as one of the "Top value-added chemicals from biomass" as carbohydrate monomers to produce various synthetic polymers and bioenergy. The demand for GA in food manufacture is increasing. GA has also attracted public attentions due to its therapeutic uses such as regulating hormones, increasing the immune function and reducing the risks of cancers. Currently GA is produced by chemical oxidation. Research on production of GA via microbial synthesis is still at preliminary stage. We reviewed the advances of glucaric acid applications, preparation and quantification methods. The prospects on production of GA by microbial fermentation were also discussed.
Biomass ; Chemical Industry ; Fermentation ; Glucaric Acid ; chemistry ; Glucose ; Polymers

In order to analyze the correlation between critical residues in the catalytic centre of BSH and the enzyme substrate specificity, seven mutants of Lactobacillus salivarius bile salt hydrolase (BSH1) were constructed by using the Escherichia coli pET-20b(+) gene expression system, rational design and site-directed mutagenesis. These BSH1 mutants exhibited different hydrolytic activities against various conjugated bile salts through substrate specificities comparison. Among the residues being tested, Cys2 and Thr264 were deduced as key sites for BSH1 to catalyze taurocholic acid and glycocholic acid, respectively. Moreover, Cys2 and Thr264 were important for keeping the catalytic activity of BSH1. The high conservative Cys2 was not the only active site, other mutant amino acid sites were possibly involved in substrate binding. These mutant residues might influence the space and shape of the substrate-binding pockets or the channel size for substrate passing through and entering active site of BSH1, thus, the hydrolytic activity of BSH1 was changed to different conjugated bile salt.
Amidohydrolases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Bile Acids and Salts ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Lactobacillus ; enzymology ; genetics ; Substrate Specificity

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effetive,toxicity and survial rate of non-operation esophageal carcinoma patients treated by tegafur plus cisplatin combined with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT).Methods 184 cases of non-operation patients with esophageal carcinoma were divided into two groups.The cases of treatment group were treated by cisplatin and tegafur.The cases of control group were treated by cisplatin and 5-Fu.All patients received 3D-CRT,and the total radiation dose was 50-70 Gy.Each group had 14 cases treated with primary chemotherapy for 1 course,28 cases for 2 courses,and 50 cases without any chemotherapy.Results The recent effect rate was 69.57 ％ (64/92) in treatment group and 67.39 ％ (62/92) in control group,there was no statistical difference (x2 =0.101,P =0.874).Radioactive esophagitis and leukopenia were the main side effect of treatment.The treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group,the difference had statistical significance.The 1-,2-and 3-year survival rates were 74.9 ％,61.6 ％,52.8 ％,respectively in treatment group and 75.8 ％,56.9 ％,48.0 ％,respectively in control group.The control group survival rates were significantly higher than the treatment group,the difference had statistical significance (x2 =7.325,P =0.007).Conclusions Cisplatin plus tegafur or 5-Fu combined with 3D-CRT is effective way of treatment for non-operation of esophageal carcinoma.The toxicity of cisplatin plus tegafur group is significantly lower than cisplatin plus 5-Fu group,therefor it can improve the quality of life of the patients obviously.

Objective To explore the efficacy of tepronone and folic acid in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) evaluated by the marking targeting biopsy (MTB).Methods A total of 224 H.pylori negative CAG patients were selected and divided into group A (n 96,tepronone 50 mg/time,folic acid 10 mg/time,three times/day),group B (n=23,tepronone 50 mg/time,three times/day),group C (n=74,unspecific treatment) and group D (n=31,no treatment).The treatment course lasted for one year.The clinical symptoms improvement of each group was observed before and after treatment.The pathological improvement of gastric mucosa by MTB was inspected before and after treatment.The chi square test was performed for the comparison between groups.Results The total efficacy rates of group A,B,C and D were 43.8％ (42/96),39.1％ (9/23),33.8％(25/74) and 32.3％ (10/31) respectively,there was no significant difference between groups (x2 =2.328,P =0.507).For the significant efficacy rate of gastric mucosa pathological improvement,group A was compared with group D,group A was compared with group C and group B was comparedwith group D,the differences were significant (x2 =14.520,14.628 and 8.995,all P＜0.01).In the total efficacy rate of gastric mucosa pathological improvement,group A (49.8％,131/263) was compared with group D (24.2％,16/66),group A was compared with group C (35.9％,66/184)and group B (44.7％,21/47) was compared with group D,the differences were significant (x2 =13.953,8.535 and 5.207,all P＜0.05).Conclusion Teprenone alone or teprenone and folic acid combination can obviously improve pathological changes of CAG patients.

To establish a new method for simultaneously determining the content of five gingerol compounds in different processing degrees of ginger charcoal and PCA principal component analysis was conducted for analysis. Samples were analyzed on Ultimate TM XB-C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm) , with acetonitrile (A) -0.1% phosphoric acid solution (B) as mobile phase for gradient elution. Detection wavelength was set at 280 nm. The flow rate was 0.6 mL x min(-1) and the column temperature was 30 degrees C. The five compounds were separated well and showed good linearity (r ≥ 0.999 7) within the concentration ranges tested. The average value for recoveries was between 98.86% - 101.5% (RSD 1.4% - 2.9%). The contents of five compounds showed difference among different processing degrees of ginger charcoal. Zingiberone had the highest content in the standard carbon, and the content of gingerol was decreased as the deepening of processing degree. Different processing degrees of ginger charcoal were classified into three groups with PCA, and provided scientific basis for establishing the quality standards of ginger charcoal.
Catechols ; chemistry ; Charcoal ; chemistry ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Fatty Alcohols ; chemistry ; Ginger ; chemistry ; Principal Component Analysis ; methods

Described in this paper are how to coordinate the acquisition of library holdings for hospital libraries, how to improve their service, and how to effectively train their librarians by The Colleague of Fudan University Medical Libraries in order to provide their effective service for the characteristic innovations in their medical treatment, teaching and research, including top design, joint acquisition, rational allocation of subject library holdings, and improvement of comprehensive service.

Objective To assess the values of automated breast volume scanner (ABVS) for differentiating of benign and malignant breast masses.Methods A total 174 breast masses in 148 patients were subjected both to conventional handheld B-mode ultrasound (HHUS) and ABVS examinations.The masses were defined as five categories of benign,probably benign,equivocal,probably malignant,and malignant with each method.The results of ABVS and HHUS were compared with pathology.By using the definitive diagnosis and the five levels of suspicion categories,receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to evaluate their diagnostic results.In addition,the diagnostic accuracy for breast masses of futures including retraction phenomenon and hyperechoic rim in coronal plane of ABVS was evaluated.Results The area under the ROC curve of ABVS (0.927) was larger than that of HHUS (0.903) (Z =2.256,P =0.024).The specificity and the positive predictive values both reached to 100％ and false positive rate was 0 with retraction phenomenon,and the specificity and the negative predictive value were 88.89％ and 94.51％ respectively with hyperechoic rim in coronal plane of ABVS.Conclusions ABVS plays an important role in the clinical practice.The retraction phenomenon and hyperechoic rim of breast masses in coronal plane of this new modality have high specialty for differentiating malignant from benign breast masses.

Objective To observe the inhibitory effect of pyridoxine hydrochloride (PN) combined with common chemotherapeutics on mice hepatoma cells H22 in vitro. Methods MTT assay was used to determine the effects of PN in combination with 10 different antineoplastic agents on H22 cells, and immuno-histochemistry was used to observe the distribution of PN in H22 cells and morphologic changes of the cells before and after PN treatment. Results After 24 hours incubation with 5 mmol/L PN, the treated cells expanded apparently with nucleus chipping. PN entered the tumor cell and was mainly condensed in cytoplasma and H22 cells were sensitive to PN. When administered concomitantly with chemotherapic agents, most of the combinations showed antagonistic effects while a few of the combinations were additive. For instance, doxorubicin (ADM) used in combination with PN inhibited cell proliferation with an IR value (IR=0.63) much lower than ADM alone (IR=0.71, P<0.01), and the CI value was less than 0.9, which indicated an antagonistic effect. However, PN in combination with ifosfamide (ICTX) showed additive effect (CI>0.9), and the IR value (IR=0.60) in combined group was higher than that (IR=0.40) in ICTX group (P<0.05). Conclusion PN treatment could increase the intracellular PLP level and result in growth inhibition and cell death, and combined administration of PN and ICTX might be a potential method to improve efficacy and to reduce toxic effects while a co-administration of PN and ADM should be avoided.