OBJECTIVE: To make a detailed analysis of the four international discipline ranking index systems, namely QS, ARWU, THE and US News and provide suggestions for the construction of world-class pharmaceutical disciplines. METHODS: Literature survey, website survey, comparative analysis and content analysis was used. RESULTS: The four international disciplines ranking index systems all set the threshold of dissertation publication, inspected the teaching situation and academic output, but there are differences in disciplines classification, data sources, scientific research output index and internationalization index. CONCLUSION: The status quo of pharmacy discipline ranking in Chinese universities is analyzed by data comparison. Suggestions on building world-class pharmaceutical discipline are put forward from four aspects: scientific research output, international cooperation, personnel training and information construction.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of transcutanclus electrical acupoint stimulation used to alleviate cancer related fatigue in cancer-chemotherapy patients and improve the quality of cancer patients' life.Methods Gastrointestinal-cancer hospitalized patients,with chemotherapy,who felt fatigue,were randomly assigned to experimental group and control group.The control group used conventional treatment and care.The experimental group,on the same baseline,used TEAS treatment (acupoints:Xuehai,Zusanli and Sanyinjiao).Patients were observed before and after intervention.The piper fatigue scale (Chinese version) was used to score and determine the effect.Results All dimension scores and total scores were not different ( P ＞ 0.05 ) ; Fatigue dimension in experimental group was (6.85 ±0.21) before intervention and (6.76 ±0.13) after intervention,and the different was significant (t =2.171,P ＜0.05).Behavioral fatigue score and total piper fatigue score were (5.53 ±0.18),and (6.10 ±0.09),respectively,and (5.65 ±0.22),(6.17 ±0.11) in control group,the differences were significant (t =2.275,2.615,respectively,P ＜0.05).In behavioral,cognitive,emotional fatigue dimensions,there were no difference (P ＞0.05).Conclusions TEAS is effective to those cancer related fatigue patients with chemotherapy.However,there are individual differences.Further studies are needed.

Objective To investigate the effect of Nd: YAG laser on microtensile bond strength of single bond adhesive system for non-carious sclerotic dentin. Methods Ten human molars with occlusal wearing were cut into equal halves ( nearly 12 mm2 ), and randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The teeth in experimental group were processed with Nd: YAG laser( 1 W,10 Hz) ,and then applied with Scotchbond and filled with Z350 resin. In control group, the teeth were processed with single bond and filled with Z350 resin. The specimens were sectioned, and the microtensile bond strengths of each sample was tested by a universal testing machine. Results The bond strength of the experimental group [ (26. 11 ±1.62) MPa] was significantly higher than that of the control group[ (22. 27 ±2. 16) MPa],P＜0. 05. Stero-microscope examination indicated that most of the fractures occurred in dentin-resin interface. Conclusions Nd: YAG laser can increase the rnicrotensile bond strength of single bond adhesive system in non-carious sclerotic dentin.

Objective： The current stady was designed to investigate the reconstitution of T cell receptor repertoire in the patients with chronic Graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). Methods： The TCR repertoire in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 5 cGVHD patients was examined after PCR amplification of 24 Vβ gene subfamilies. Results： Only 2－8 Vβ subfamily T cells were found in the samples from these patients, and there were different demonstrations in different patients. We found Vβ T cells proliferated in 4 patients. Conclusion： The TCR repertoire complexities was abnormal in all patients,Vβ may be associated with cGVHD, and the method may be demonstrated the reconstitution of T cell after transplantation.

Regular physical activity (PA) is a key element in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Participation in regular PA improves blood glucose control and can prevent or delay T2DM and its complications, along with positively affecting lipids, blood pressure, cardiovascular events, mortality, and quality of life. However, most people with T2DM are not active and show poor adherence. This paper reviews the possible barriers to PA and strategies to improve the adherence to PA. Based on the currently available literature, it is concluded that self-efficacy and social support from family, friends, and health care providers play the important role in adoption and maintenance of regular PA. Here we also highlight some new modern and innovative interventions that facilitate exercise participation and improve the adherence.
Adoption ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Friends ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Motor Activity ; Quality of Life ; Self Efficacy

OBJECTIVETo find out the mechanisms of redifferentiation and reversion of malignant human gastric cancer cells induced by ascorbic acid.

METHODSHuman gastric cancer cells grown in the laboratory were used. The Trypan blue dye exclusion method was used to determine the cell doubling time. The electrophoresis rate and colonogenic potential were the indices used to measure the rate of redifferentiation. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured using the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and the content of H202 were evaluated by spectrophotography.

RESULTSSix mmol/L ascorbic acid was used as a positive control. Human gastric cancer cells were treated with 75 microm hydrogen peroxide, which alleviated many of the malignant characteristics. For example, the cell surface charge obviously decreased and the electrophoresis rate dropped from 2.21 to 1.10 microm x s(-1) x V(-1) x cm(-1). The colonogenic potential, a measure of cell differentiation, decreased 90.2%. After treatment with ascorbic acid, there was a concentration- and time-dependent increase in hydrogen peroxide (H202) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). However, the activity of catalase (CAT) resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent decrease. SOD and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AT) exhibited some effects, but there were statistically significant differences between the SOD and AT group and the H202 group.

CONCLUSIONSAscorbic acid induces growth inhibition and redifferentiation of human gastric cancer cells through the production of hydrogen peroxide.

Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Ascorbic Acid ; pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVETo study the feasibility of MRI of human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (Lovo) labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide(SPIO) nanoparticles in vitro.

METHODSLovo cells (5 × 10(5) and 1 × 10(6)) were cultured in medium containing different SPIO nanoparticles (50 microl and 500 microl). Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe cellular ultrastructure and to determine the uptake and distribution of particles in Lovo cells at 1-, 3-, 6-hours. MRI of Lovo cells was performed with T1WI, T2WI sequences. Unlabeled cells were used as controls.

RESULTSUptake of SPIO nanoparticles occurred within 6 hours. On T1 weighted imaging, there was no significant difference in signal intensity between the experimental groups and the control group. On T2 weighted imaging, there was no significant difference in signal intensity between the experimental groups and the control group after culture of 1 h. Signal intensity began to decrease in 1 × 10(6) Lovo cells labeled with 500 microl SPIO nanoparticle after 3 hours culture. Signal intensity decreased in all the experimental groups after 6 hours culture.

CONCLUSIONHuman colon adenocarcinoma cell line (Lovo) can be labeled with SPIO nanoparticles, and the labeled cells can be imaged with MRI equipment.

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colonic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Humans ; Iron ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Magnetics ; Nanoparticles ; Oxides ; Pilot Projects ; Staining and Labeling ; methods

Objectve: To investigate the feasibility of establishing xenografted leukemia model by zebrafish, so as to provide the more direct model in vitro and experimental evidence for study of acute myeloid leukemia and screening of the drugs for targeting therapy.

METHODSAcute myeloid leukemia cell line KG-1a was labeled with red fluorescent dye-MitoRed, then the labeled cells were injected into the yolk sac of zebrafish embryos. Morphological observation, cell count and histopathological detection were used to analyse the infiltration and metastasis of KG-1a cells in zebrafish.

RESULTSKG1a cells could proliferate and gradually spread to the entire abdominal cavity of the zebrafish after KG-1a cells were injected into the yolk sac during 1-7, the results of cell counting in vitro also proved a significant proliferation of KG-1a cells in zebrafish, suggesting that the implanted leukemia stem cells could survive, proliferate and spread in zebrafish. Further study showed that the implanted cells could be transfered to the liver of zebrafish, these cells displayed the signature of KG-1a cells by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining.

CONCLUSIONSHuman acute myeloid leukemia cells KG1a can survive, proliferate and migrate in zebrafish, suggesting xenografted leukemia model of zebrafish has been successfully established. This model may be benefitcial for the study of acute myeloid leukemia and the screening of the drugs for targeting therapy of acute myeloid leukemia.

OBJECTIVETo detect the frequencies of KIR2DS4 alleles in Chinese Han population and to study the impact of KR2DS4 alleles on clinical outcomes of HLA identical unrelated allo-HSCT.

METHODSA Sequence-Based Testing (SBT) and TOPO TA cloning system for identifying and distinguishing alleles of the KIR2DS4 gene were established. A total of 150 Chinese-Han individuals, including 75 leukemia patients who received allo-HSCT and their HLA high-resolution typing identical unrelated donors (URD) were entered this study. The patients underwent transplantation for CML (n = 24), AML (n = 19), ALL (n = 29) and other malignancies (n = 3).

RESULTSThe majority (139) of the 150 samples (92.7%) were positive for KIR2DS4. Sequencing of the whole length coding region of this gene identified four of the 12 known KIR2DS4 alleles, KIR2DS4*00101, *003, *004, and *007. 2DS4*00101 was the most frequent, being found in 109 of the 139 individuals (78.4%). The ratio of deleted to non-deleted versions of KIR2DS4 was approximately 1:2. Three novel KIR2DS4 alleles were identified. Transplantations from KIR haplotype B/x donors showed significantly higher overall survival rates than those from KIR haplotype A/A donors [RR 3.1 (95%CI 1.1 - 8.6), P = 0.007]. There was a lower overall survival rates in recipients when their donors carried two 2DS4 full-length allele (2DS4*001) than those carried less (0 or 1) 2DS4*001 allele (P = 0.031). In the haplotype A/A group, a higher risk of acute GVHD (aGVHD) [RR 9.0 (95%CI 1.2 - 66.9), P = 0.01], especially grade III-IV aGVHD (P = 0.006), was seen when the donor was homozygous for the full-length KIR2DS4*00101 allele.

CONCLUSIONThe development and application of the described SBT 2DS4 allele typing method highlights the diverse nature of the KIR gene family and displays the existence of KIR polymorphism that remains uncharacterized. Our findings suggest that KIR typing for 2DS4 be beneficial for selecting suitable donors.

Alleles ; Graft vs Host Disease ; genetics ; Haplotypes ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Receptors, KIR ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of CMV gB genotypes on viral load and treatment time in patients with CMV infection after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

METHODSViral load was detected by real-time (RT) quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Q-PCR), CMV gB genotypes by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) (PCR-RFLP) in 115 patients with CMV infection (CMV-DNA positive) after HSCT during July 2004 and May 2010.

RESULTS(1) The distribution of CMV gB genotypes in HSCT recipients were as following: gB1, 42/115 (36.52%); gB2, 3/115 (2.61%); gB3, 43/115 (37.39%); gB4, 2/115 (1.74%). 20 patients (17.39%) had a combination of 2 different CMV genotypes and 5 patients (4.35%) had a CMV variant that lacked an RsaI digestion site, herein named gB5. (2) The median viral load were 2.7×10(3)(1.81×10(3) ∼ 6.03×10(4)) in gB1, 4.0×10(3) (1.32×10(3) ∼ 6.39×10(4)) in gB3 and 1.2×10(4)(2.28×10(3) ∼ 6.50×10(5)) in mixed gB. There was no statistical difference in viral load between gB1 and gB3 (P > 0.050). There was significantly statistical difference in viral load between single-gB (gB1 or gB3) and mixed-gB (P < 0.05). (3) The median treatment time was 17 days in mixed-gB and 14 days in single-gB. There was significantly statistical difference between two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion gB genotype may have an impact on CMV DNA load and treatment time in HSCT recipients with CMV infection.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cytomegalovirus ; genetics ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; virology ; DNA, Viral ; isolation & purification ; Female ; Genotype ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; genetics ; Viral Load ; Young Adult