One of the important approaches for further prolonging remission duration and eradicating minimal residual disease in acute leukemia is immunotherapy. Four kinds of immunotherapy for acute leukemia are under investigation: (1) monoclonal antibodies, among them, Mylotarg (cytotoxic antibiotic calicheamicin linked to CD33 Mab) is given for the treatment of refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia and molecular relapse in acute promyelocytic leukemia with good results, Campath-1H (antiCD52 Mab) is administered in the treatment of prolymphocytic leukemia and Rituximab (anti-CD20 Mab) in B-PLL with high complete remission rates. Other Mabs under preclinical and clinical trials include anti-IL-2 receptor Mab for the treatment of acute T lymphocytic leukemia, anti-220 kD Mab-6G7 for acute leukemias, recombinant immune toxin BL22 (anti-CD22) for hairy cell leukemia and Mabs labeled with radio-isotopes for different types of acute leukemias; (2) adoptive cellular immunotherapy using cytokine-induced killer cell, alloreactive NK cells, allogeneic or autologous leukemic-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and other immune effector cells; (3) cytokines and other immune modulators comprising IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF, CD40L, FLT-3L and thalidomide and its derivatives; (4) leukemia vaccines of several different formulations including antigen-specific, leukemia cell-based, leukemia antigen-pulsed dendritic cell (DC) and leukemia-derived DC vaccines, the latter two formulations are more attractive. In conclusion, up to now, the most effective example of immunotherapy in acute leukemia is provided by the administration of Mabs, and the majority of other approaches in immunotherapy for acute leukemia although promising, need further studies.
Acute Disease ; Adoptive Transfer ; methods ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Cancer Vaccines ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; methods ; trends ; Leukemia ; immunology ; therapy

Objective To establish an orthotopic animal model of human prostate carcinoma (PC),and to provide a useful tool for the research of PC. Methods A total of 30 male BALB/c nude mice were included.First,2?10 6 human PC-3 cells were injected subcutaneously in 10 nude mice.Then 8 weeks later,the tumor on mice backs were took out and smashed into pieces.The tissue was implanted on the ventral lateral lobe of prostate gland by surgical orthotopic implantation in the other 20 nude mice.Twelve weeks later, the mice were autopsied,and histopathological examination of orthotopic tumors and relevant organs was done to identify and quantitate micrometastasis. Results Of the 20 mice,18 (90%) had tumor growth.The tumors were greater than 1.5 cm in diameter in 17 mice.Dilatation of bladder and hydronephrosis because of obstruction occurred in 12 mice.A high frequency of lymph node and organ metastasis was noted upon histological examination (10 with retroperitoneal para-aortic lymph node metastasis,4 with lung metastasis,1 with liver metastasis).But no bone metastasis was found. Pathological sections showed that most parts of the prostate were occupied by tumor cells. The nuclei looked polymorphic and hyperchromatic.Abnormal nucleus division could be seen.The cortices and medullae of metastatic lymph nodes were occupied by tumor cells. Conclusions The model set up by surgical orthotopic implantation can show the biological features of prostate carcinoma cells well.It expresses the metastatic potential of PC cell line significantly and can be considered an ideal heterotransplant animal model.

Analgesics are widely used in fracture patients before and after operation.The analgesics frequently used include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,as well as central nerve and local medications.Recently,researches report that some analgesics may inhibit fracture healing,which has attracted much attention from orthopedic surgeons.However,there are researchers who hold opposite opinions.Accordingly,this paper reviews the progress in research concerning the effect of analgesics on fracture healing.

Osteomyelitis,particularly chronic one,is still a huge challenge to orthopedic surgeons.The current treatment for osteomyelitis centers on sensitive antibiotic coverage and surgical debridement of nonviable tissue.However,treatment failure and recurrence are common.Recently,adjunctive therapies such as hyperbaric oxygenation have been widely applied in treatment of osteomyelitis to promote sanative effect on osteomyelitis.In this review,we will outline the rationales and current status of potential adjunctive therapies in osteomyelitis management.

Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Coronary Disease ; Humans

Objective:To investigate the effect of different ventilation time in the prone position on patients with endogenous/exogenous ARDS.Methods:30 endogenous/30 exogenous ARDS patients were randomly devided into 4 groups,ventilation in the prone position for 2 h and 4 h.Recording the score of APCHEII,oxygenation index,the absorption situation in X-ray,HR,MAP,extubation time,the time out of ICU.Results:The APCHEII scores HR and MAP in four groups have no significant statistics (P＞0.05);4h ventilation for endogenous ARDS patients has a better indicators than 2 h in oxygenation index,the absorption situation in X-ray,extubation time and the time out of ICU (P＜0.05);2 h and 4 h ventilation for exogenous ARDS patients can improve indicators above,two groups have no significant statistics (P＞0.05),the results of exogenous groups are precede than endogenous group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Ventilation in the prone position can improve the situation of ARDS patients,both endogenous patients and exogenous patients.Exogenous ARDS patients have a better treatment effect after the ventilation of 2h,however,endogenous patients need longer time and have a non-ideal prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the potential risk of aorta injury by simulating different lateral misplacement patterns of thoracic pedicle screws (TPS) in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).Methods From December 2010 to August 2011,50 AIS patients were admitted to our hospital,including 7 males and 43 females,aged from 13 to 18 years (average,15.3±2.6 years).All patients underwent axial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from T5 to T12.The left pedicle-aorta (LtP-Ao) angle and distance were measured on the axial MR images by the software of PACS Client.The lateral misplacement of pedicle screw was simulated with variable direction errors (10°,20°,30°) and different lengths of pedicle screw (30 mm,35 mm,40 mm).A total of nine patterns of lateral pedicle screw misplacement were set up,and a warning misplacement was defined as the mimic pedicle screw crossed the aorta.The percentages of warning misplacement were compared in each pattern of lateral pedicle screw misplacement and each level from T5 to T12.Correlation analysis was made between the percentages of warning misplacement and the direction errors as well as length of pedicle screw.Results The mean LtP-Ao angle increased from 34.3°±8.5° at T5 level to 45.7°±4.1° at T7 level,and then gradually decreased to 9.2°±5.6° at T12 level.The mean LtP-Ao distance increased from 28.2±7.3 mm at T5 level to 37.7±6.5 mm at T12 level.The percentages of warning misplacement were positive correlation with the direction errors and length of pedicle screw.The percentage of warning misplacement was higher at the T11 level.Conclusion The potential risk of aorta injury increases with enlarging of direction error and lengthening of thoracic pedicle screw,particularly at the T11 level.

The postpartum depression outcome and the effect of psychological intervention were studied in order to reduce the occurrence and development of the postpartum depression. A survey of 4000 women within 4-6 weeks postpartum in 80 communities in Shenzhen, China was performed using random cluster sampling method. By employing Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) as a screening tool, the positive women (defined as EPDS ≥10) were randomly divided into intervention group and control group at a ratio of 1:2. The women in the intervention group were treated by means of mailing postpartum depression prevention and treatment knowledge manual, face-to-face counseling, and telephone psychological counseling interventions aiming at individual risk factors, while those in the control group were treated with conventional methods. EPDS scores were assessed in these two groups again at 6th month postpartum. Totally, 3907 valid questionnaires were obtained. All the 771 positive women were divided into two groups: 257 in the intervention group, and 514 in the control group. At 6th month postpartum, the EPDS scores in the intervention group were decreased significantly, from baseline stage (12.84±3.02) to end stage (3.05±2.93), while EPDS scores in the control group were reduced from 12.44±2.78 to 6.94±4.02. There were significant differences in the EPDS scores at end stage between the two groups (t=13.059, P<0.001). Psychological intervention can reduce postpartum depression, with better maternal compliance. It is feasible and necessary to establish postpartum depression screening and psychological intervention model in community-hospital and include the postpartum depression screening, intervention, and follow-up into the conventional healthcare.

To establish a UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of geniposide, genipin 1-O-beta-D-gentiobioside and geniposidic acid in rat brains and study the brain pharmacokinetics of the three iridoid glycosides in stroke rat after the oral administration of Xingnaojing. In this experiment, brain samples were precipitated with protein for twice. Acquity BEH C18 column was adopted, with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid-water as the mobile phase for gradient elution. ESI source was adopted for mass spectra; multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was conducted to detect negative ions. The time for sample analysis was 3.5 min. the results showed good linear relations among the three iridoid glycosides, with the extraction recovery between 99.6% and 114.3%, good intra- and inter-day precisions and accuracies and stability in line with the requirements. The t1/2 and MRT in the three components were similar in brains of stroke rats. Geniposide and genipin 1-O-beta-D-gentiobioside showed double peaks; where as geniposidic acid showed a single peak. In conclusion, the method is so specific, sensitive, accurate and reliable that it can be used to study the brain pharmacokinetics of Xingnaojing oral preparation.
Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Brain Chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Iridoids ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

Objective To observe the safety and efficacy of the posterior spinal instrumentation (PSI) with preserving of the intraspinal rib head in neurologically intact patients with scoliosis secondary to Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).Methods The clinical and radiographic data of nine NF1 scoliosis patients with rib head protrusion into the spinal canal,who had undergone PSI from August 1998 to March 2012,were retrospectively investigated.The average age of these patients (4 males,5 females) was 15.4±7.6 years,and their neurological status all were Frankel grade E preoperatively.The intraspinal rib head was not resected in all patients intraoperatively.The following parameters,including the magnitude of rib head penetration into the spinal canal (MRPC),the angle between the bilateral rib (ABR),the angle between the dislocated rib and the posterior vertebral wall (ARV),the coronal Cobb angle and the sagittal Cobb angle,were measured before and after surgery.Results The follow-up period was 0.5 to 4.8 years.The average MRPC decreased from preoperative 32.8％±9.9％ to postoperative 16.8％±15.2％ (P=0.026); the average ARV increased from preoperative 34.7°±16.4° to postoperative 47.8°±17.5° (P=0.001); the average ABR decreased from preoperative 83.0°±19.5° to postoperative 67.9°±13.3° (P=0.009); the average coronal Cobb angle decreased from preoperative 70.7° ±17.7° to 35.4°±17.0° immediately after operation (P=0.000) and the sagittal Cobb angle decreased from preoperative 59.7°±17.6° to 24.7°±10.8° immediately after operation (P=0.001).The coronal Cobb angle and sagittal Cobb angle had no significant change during follow-up period.The neurological status was Frankel grade E in all patients immediately after operation and at final follow-up.Conclusion For NF1 scoliosis patients with rib head penetration into the spinal canal without impingement of the spinal cord and neurological deficits,the deformity can be corrected safely and effectively without resecting the intraspinal rib head.