One of the important approaches for further prolonging remission duration and eradicating minimal residual disease in acute leukemia is immunotherapy. Four kinds of immunotherapy for acute leukemia are under investigation: (1) monoclonal antibodies, among them, Mylotarg (cytotoxic antibiotic calicheamicin linked to CD33 Mab) is given for the treatment of refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia and molecular relapse in acute promyelocytic leukemia with good results, Campath-1H (antiCD52 Mab) is administered in the treatment of prolymphocytic leukemia and Rituximab (anti-CD20 Mab) in B-PLL with high complete remission rates. Other Mabs under preclinical and clinical trials include anti-IL-2 receptor Mab for the treatment of acute T lymphocytic leukemia, anti-220 kD Mab-6G7 for acute leukemias, recombinant immune toxin BL22 (anti-CD22) for hairy cell leukemia and Mabs labeled with radio-isotopes for different types of acute leukemias; (2) adoptive cellular immunotherapy using cytokine-induced killer cell, alloreactive NK cells, allogeneic or autologous leukemic-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and other immune effector cells; (3) cytokines and other immune modulators comprising IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF, CD40L, FLT-3L and thalidomide and its derivatives; (4) leukemia vaccines of several different formulations including antigen-specific, leukemia cell-based, leukemia antigen-pulsed dendritic cell (DC) and leukemia-derived DC vaccines, the latter two formulations are more attractive. In conclusion, up to now, the most effective example of immunotherapy in acute leukemia is provided by the administration of Mabs, and the majority of other approaches in immunotherapy for acute leukemia although promising, need further studies.
Acute Disease ; Adoptive Transfer ; methods ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Cancer Vaccines ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; methods ; trends ; Leukemia ; immunology ; therapy

Osteomyelitis,particularly chronic one,is still a huge challenge to orthopedic surgeons.The current treatment for osteomyelitis centers on sensitive antibiotic coverage and surgical debridement of nonviable tissue.However,treatment failure and recurrence are common.Recently,adjunctive therapies such as hyperbaric oxygenation have been widely applied in treatment of osteomyelitis to promote sanative effect on osteomyelitis.In this review,we will outline the rationales and current status of potential adjunctive therapies in osteomyelitis management.

Analgesics are widely used in fracture patients before and after operation.The analgesics frequently used include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,as well as central nerve and local medications.Recently,researches report that some analgesics may inhibit fracture healing,which has attracted much attention from orthopedic surgeons.However,there are researchers who hold opposite opinions.Accordingly,this paper reviews the progress in research concerning the effect of analgesics on fracture healing.

To establish a UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of geniposide, genipin 1-O-beta-D-gentiobioside and geniposidic acid in rat brains and study the brain pharmacokinetics of the three iridoid glycosides in stroke rat after the oral administration of Xingnaojing. In this experiment, brain samples were precipitated with protein for twice. Acquity BEH C18 column was adopted, with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid-water as the mobile phase for gradient elution. ESI source was adopted for mass spectra; multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was conducted to detect negative ions. The time for sample analysis was 3.5 min. the results showed good linear relations among the three iridoid glycosides, with the extraction recovery between 99.6% and 114.3%, good intra- and inter-day precisions and accuracies and stability in line with the requirements. The t1/2 and MRT in the three components were similar in brains of stroke rats. Geniposide and genipin 1-O-beta-D-gentiobioside showed double peaks; where as geniposidic acid showed a single peak. In conclusion, the method is so specific, sensitive, accurate and reliable that it can be used to study the brain pharmacokinetics of Xingnaojing oral preparation.
Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Brain Chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Iridoids ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

Objective To study the clinical outcome of patients with fns-like tyrosine kinase-3internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and to explore the potential prognostic factors to patients' survival including transplant types or disease status.Methods A total of 314 AML patients in our center from October 2006 to October 2012 were retrospectively analyzed,among whom,54 patients were defined with FLT3-ITD positive.Survival rates and treatment-related mortality were further analyzed.Results For all 54 FLT3-ITD positive patients,the 3-year overall survival (3-OS) rate was 56％ and 3-year leukemia-free survival (3-LFS) rate was 47％.The outcome of haplo-identical HSCT was similar as that of sibling donors(3-OS rate:60％ vs 54％ ; 3-LFS rate:54％ vs 45％,respectively).There were 47 patients who received transplantation in first complete remission(CR1).The other 7 patients were of disease relapse or in CR2 before transplantation.Not surprisingly,patients in CR1 had better prognosis than those in nonCR1.Conclusions Allo-HSCT is an effective treatment for AML patients with FLT3-ITD positive mutation.The survival outcome of haplo-identical HSCT was comparable with that of sibling donors.Relapse of AML was the dominant factor related to the mortality of FLT3-ITD positive AML patients after allo-HSCT.

Objective To investigate the changes and clinical significance of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),creatine kinase (CK),glutamate pyruvate transaminase (AST),and cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase (CSF LDH) in adult patients with acute central nervous system infection.Methods The levels of myocardial enzymes (AST,LDH,and CK) in serum of 96 adult patients with acute intracranial infection in 7days and 39 healthy people were measured by Beckman automatic biochemical analyzer and enzyme rate assay,and CSF LDH level in 96 patients were measured simultaneously.Results (1) The serum myocardial enzymes (LDH,CK,and AST) of intracranial infection group (47 cases with viral encephalitis,30 cases with tuberculous meningitis,and 19 cases with purulent encephalitis) were significantly higher than those of normal control group (P ＜0.01).(2)The myocardial enzymes (LDH,and AST ) of patients with cerebral functional disorder were significantly higher than those of patients with normal cerebral function (P ＜0.05).(3)The levels of serum AST,LDH,and CK in the virus encephalitis group,serum AST and LDH in the purulent encephalitis group,and serum LDH in the tuberculous meningitis group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.01).The CSF LDH level in the viral meningitis group was prominently lower than that in the tuberculous encephalitis group and purulent encephalitis group,respectively (P ＜0.01).(4) No correlations were found between CSF LDH and serum myocardial enzymes (P ＞0.05).Conclusions (1)There is significant change in the levels of serum LDH,CK,AST,and CSF LDH of adult patients with acute intracranial infection,especially in infected patients with cerebral functional disorder,and the change of LDH is the most obvious.(2)The levels of serum myocardial enzymes and CSF LDH are helpful to the differential diagnosis of intracranial infection in early stage,and judging the severity of the illness.

Objective To investigate the difference of quality of life in patients with different symptom dimensions of obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD).Methods Collected 54 cases of outpatient and the first inpatient with OCD to be the research group and 54 normal persons were the control group.The quality of life was assessed with SF-36,and compared the scores.An analysis was performed on the major categories of the YBOCS-SC to derive symptom dimension scores.Results Compared to the control group,patients with OCD showed significant impairment in seven domains of quality of life,especially in the mental health(t=12.474,P＜0.01),the roleemotional(t=9.407,P＜0.01),the social functioning(t=8.862,P＜0.01) and the vitality(t=8.057,P＜0.01).The patients with distinct symptom dimensions of ①symmetry/order,contribution rate 21.60％ ; ②contaminate/clean,contribution rate 16.37％; ③ aggression/religion,contribution rate 12.34％; ④ sex/check,contribution rate 10.90％.They showed different severity of the impairments in four domains of quality of life,the role-physical(F=5.199,P=0.004),the bodily pain (F=3.169,P=0.034),the role-emotional (F=9.350,P=0.000),the mental health(F=4.854,P=0.005).The differences mainly found between the ①②③group and the ④group by LSD multiple testing.Conclusion The mental health is severely damaged with OCD patients.There is stability with the structure of the symptom dimensions of OCD.And it maybe showed the heterogeneity of the symptoms for the significant difference of impairments of quality of life in patients with OCD.

Objective To investigate the antitumor therapeutic effect of combined therapy of magnetic induction heating by nano-magnetic particles, herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene(HSV-tk suicide gene) and internal radiation in mice bearing MCF-7 breast carcinoma. Methods The transfection reagents, plasmids heat shock protein-HSV-tk (pHSP-HSV-tk), ferroso-ferric oxide nano-magnetic fluid flow and 188Re-ganciclovir-bovine serum albumin-nanopaticles (GCV-BSA-NP) were prepared. The heating experiments in vivo were carried out using ferroso-ferric oxide nano-magnetic fluid flow. Sixty mice tumor models bearing MCF-7 breast carcinoma were established and randomly divided into six groups. Group A was the control group, B was gene transfection therapy group, C was hyperthermia group, D was gene transfection therapy combined with radionuclide brachytherapy group, E was gene therapy combined with hyperthermia group, and F was gene therapy, hyperthermia combined with radionuclide brachytherapy group. The tumor growth, tumor mass and histopathological changes were evaluated. The expression of HSV-tk in the groups of B, D, E and F was detected by RT-PCR. Poisson distribution and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for statistical analysis by SPSS 10.0 software. Results In the animal heating experiments, the temperature of tumor increased up to 39.6 ℃, 43.2 ℃, and 48.1 ℃ quickly with different injected doses (2, 4 and 6 mg respectively) of nano-magnetic particles and maintained for 40 min. The temperature of tumor tissue reduced to 36.8 ℃, 37.5 ℃ and 37.8 ℃ in 10 min when alternating magnetic field (AMF) stopped. The tumor mass in Groups C ((452.50 ±30.29) mg), D ((240.98 ±35.32)mg), E((231.87 ±27.41) mg) and F ((141.55 ±23.78) mg) were much lower than that in Group A ((719.12±22.65) mg) (F=800.07, P＜0. 01), with the most significant treatment effect in Group F.The tumor mass in Group B((684.05 ±24.02) mg) was higher than that in Group D (t =32. 805, P ＜0. 05). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of HSV-tk in Groups B and D (0.33 ±0. 13 and 0. 46 ±0.12) was significantly different from that in Groups E and F (0.66 ±0.13 and 0.74 ±0. 11)(F = 21. 573, P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Combined use of hyperthermia, gene therapy and radionuclide brachytherapy could effectively depress the growth of MCF-7 breast carcinoma, thus possessing treatment potential for this tumor.

Objective To analyse the femoral head coverage rate of CT in evaluation of Salter osteotomy for developmental dislocation of hip(DDH) in children. Methods Thirty-eight patients with unilateral DDH for Salter osteotomy were enrolled,and X ray photography of pelvis and spiral CT scanning of femoral articulation were performed one week before and 6 months after Salter osteotomy.The femoral head coverage rate of X ray and that of CT were calculated and compared.Another 38 children with normal femoral articulation were served as controls. Results The femoral head coverage rate of X ray was significantly higher than that of CT in patients with DDH(P

Objective To investigate the curative effect of modified tracheal catheter in acute respiratory failure caused by central airway stenosis.Methods 16 cases inpatient with acute respiratory failure caused by central airway stenosis were involved.Found out the position and range of stenosis of central airway by X-ray and CT of chest and fiberbronchoscope,chose the suitable silicon suction tube and cut it to make a tracheal catheter,then guided the catheter through the stenosis by fiberbronchoscope to construct artificial airway.Results The dyspnea of all 16 cases of acute respiratory failure caused by central airway stenosis could by relieved in short time,the PaO_2 raised from(39?12)mm Hg to(72?10)mm Hg,SaO_2 raised from(75?13)% to(93?3)%,PaCO_2 dropped from(102?21)mm Hg to(62?13)mm Hg after therapy.The effective rate is 100%.There was no other serious complication except for 2 cases of little amount of bleeding in trachea.15 cases survived and one died of serious muhisystem organ failure.Conclusions The use of modified tracheal catheter in treatment of acute respiratory failure caused by central airway stenosis can relieve the acute dyspnea in short time,it also can dilate central airway,save the cost of tracheal balloon dilatation for the follow-up therapy.