Objective: By sorting and analyzing pertinent modern studies targeting auricular point therapy treating primary insomnia (PI), to summarize the point selection rules and clinical efficacy of using auricular points alone or combining it with other therapies in treating PI. Methods: A search on China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database (Wanfang), Chongqing VIP Database (CQVIP), PubMed, Springer and Ovid were conducted from January 1, 1998 till January 31, 2020. Point selection, diagnostic criteria and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) in the eligible studies were analyzed and summarized. Results: The difference in PSQI before and after using auricular point therapy alone was more significant than that of using Chinese medication alone (P<0.05), but less significant than that of combining auricular point therapy and acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese therapeutic massage (tuina) (P<0.05). In the included studies, Shenmen (TF4) was the most commonly used (370 times), followed by Heart (CO15), which was 344 times, and Subcortex (AT4), which was 325 times. In terms of auricular points distribution, points in the auricular concha were the most commonly used (1500 times), followed by those in the antitragus (474 times) and triangular fossa (387 times). Correlation analysis showed that Shenmen (TF4) and Liver (CO12), Sympathetic (AH6a) and Heart (CO15) were used together more often, followed by Shenmen (TF4), Liver (CO12), Spleen (CO13), Kidney (CO10) and Subcortex (AT4), and then Shenmen (TF4), Liver (CO12), Sympathetic (AH6a), Subcortex (AT4) and Heart (CO15). Cluster analysis showed that the auricular points used for PI can be divided into 6 clusters in 2 major groups. One group was Heart (CO15), Subcortex (AT4), Shenmen (TF4), Sympathetic (AH6a), Spleen (CO13), Kidney (CO10), Liver (CO12) and Endocrine (CO18); the other was Occiput (AT3), Stomach (CO4), Pancrease-gallbladder (CO11), Chuiqian (LO4), Small Intestine (CO6), Central Rim (AT2,3,4i) and Sanjiao (CO17). In terms of patterns in traditional Chinese medicine, the pattern of dual deficiency of heart and spleen accounted for the largest proportion in the studies of using auricular points alone or combining it with other treatments to treatment PI, and then it was the pattern of liver depression transforming into fire. Conclusion: In treatment of PI with auricular points alone or combo therapy involving auricular points, Shenmen (TF4) was commonly used, and the commonly used point group consisted of Shenmen (TF4), Liver (CO12), Sympathetic (AH6a) and Heart (CO15). Auricular point therapy can be taken as a complementary therapy in treating PI.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare Weiyoukang intragastric floating tablet,and to investigate in vitro releasing characteristics of it. METHODS:Weiyoukang intragastric floating tablet was prepared by full powder compression method using HPMC-K15M (framework material),octadecanol(low density bleaching promoter),sodium bicarbonate(foaming agent),PVP-K30(release reg-ulator)and magnesium stearate(lubricant)as excipients. The amounts of HPMC-K15M,octadecanol and PVP-K30 were optimized by orthogonal test and validated with 2 h,4 h and 8 h accumulative release rate of berberine (Y2 h,Y4 h,Y8 h) as index,start time (T1)and duration(T2)of floating as adjunctive index. The releasing regularity of berberine,tetrahydropalmatine,baicalin and glyc-yrrhizic acid in Coptis chinensis,Corydalis vanhus,Scatellaria baicalensis and Glycyrrhiza uralensis were measured by release model fitting method and Peppas equarion fitting method. Similar factor(f2)method was used to investigate the similarity of 4 com-ponents. RESULTS:The optimized formulation was as follows as HPMC-K15M 40 g,octadecanol 14 g,PVP-K30 2 g for 200 tab-lets. Y2 h,Y4 h and Y8 h of berberine of preparations were 31.94%,55.88%,93.34%(RSDs were 1.2%,1.5% and 1.5%,n=3),re-spectively. T1 and T2 were about 1 min and 13 h. The drug release of four ingredients all fitted Higuchi models,and were synergis-tic action of diffusion and matrix erode. The f2 were all more than 80,indicating that the release of four ingredients were similar. CONCLUSIONS:Weiyoukang intragastric floating tablet is prepared successfully,showing fast onset,long floating,sustained-re-lease and balanced release of multiple indigents.

BACKGROUND:It is a great potential study that calcium sulfate product loaded with antibiotics is developed, but this product is not systematicaly studied and its biocompatibility and security need to be further studied.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the biocompatibility and safety of vancomycin- or gentamicin-loaded calcium sulfate bone.
METHODS: (1) Hemolysis test: vancomycin-loaded, gentamicin-loaded calcium sulfate extracts, double distiled water and saline were added into rabbit anticoagulant blood samples. (2) Micronucleus test: vancomycin-loaded and gentamicin-loaded calcium sulfate extracts, cyclophosphamide and normal saline solution were intraperitonealy injected to mice, respectively. (3) Acute toxicity test: vancomycin-loaded and gentamicin-loaded calcium sulfate extracts, and normal saline solution were intraperitonealy injected to mice, respectively. (4) Pyrogen test: the mice were injected vancomycin-loaded and gentamicin-loaded calcium sulfate extractsvia the ear vein. (5) Intradermal stimulation test: vancomycin-loaded and gentamicin-loaded calcium sulfate extracts were respectively injected into the unilateral spine of rabbits, respectively. (6) Intramuscular implantation test: vancomycin-loaded and gentamicin-loaded calcium sulfate extracts were respectively injected to the dorsal muscle of rabbits. (7) Intraosseous implantation test: vancomycin-loaded and gentamicin-loaded calcium sulfate were implanted into the necrotic femoral bone of rabbits.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Both vancomycin-loaded and gentamicin-loaded calcium sulfate products, which have no hemolytic reaction, genetic toxicity, acute toxicity, pyrogen reaction and skin irritation, are considered to have good biocompatibility and safety.

OBJECTIVE:To screen Gongshisong's active sites for anti-sports fatigue. METHODS:Gongshisong extract was prepared with 80% ethanol extraction technology,and extracted with petroleum ether,chloroform,ethyl acetate and n-butyl alco-hol after dispersed with water to obtain the extract. 70 mice were randomly divided into blank control group(1% sodium carboxy-methylcellulose,CMC-Na),positive control group [Rhodiola wallichiana capsules,590 mg/(kg·d)],petroleum ether,chloro-form,ethyl acetate and n-butyl alcohol extracts and aqueous layer of Gongshisong groups(TS,TL,TY,TZ,TW groups). Gong-shisong extracts groups was given relevant medicine 2.5 g(crude drug)/(kg·d),ig,for consecutive 7 days. Exhaustion time of bur-den swimming test was detected. 70 mice were grouped according to above method,and the contents of liver glycogen,muscle gly-cogen and the coefficient of liver were tested in mice. 80 mice were grouped according to above method,and model group was es-tablished additionally(1% CMC-Na). The contents of lactic acid(LA),creatine kinase(CK)and urea nitrogen(BUN)in serum of mice were determined after 90 minutes of unburden swimming. RESULTS:Compared with blank control group,exhaustion time of burden swimming mice in TS,TY and TZ groups prolonged;the content of liver glycogen increased in TY,TZ and TW groups;the content of muscle glycogen increased in TS and TW groups;the contents of BUN,LA and CK in mice increased in model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with model group,the serum content of BUN in mice decreased in TS and TY groups;that of LA in mice decreased in TZ and TW groups;that of CK in mice decreased in TS group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:The petroleum ether and n-butanol extract site and water layer of Gongshisong are good anti-fatigue active sites.

Cardiomyopathies ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Child ; Humans

Hemifacial Spasm ; etiology ; surgery ; Humans ; Trigeminal Neuralgia ; etiology ; surgery

In order to analyze the correlation between critical residues in the catalytic centre of BSH and the enzyme substrate specificity, seven mutants of Lactobacillus salivarius bile salt hydrolase (BSH1) were constructed by using the Escherichia coli pET-20b(+) gene expression system, rational design and site-directed mutagenesis. These BSH1 mutants exhibited different hydrolytic activities against various conjugated bile salts through substrate specificities comparison. Among the residues being tested, Cys2 and Thr264 were deduced as key sites for BSH1 to catalyze taurocholic acid and glycocholic acid, respectively. Moreover, Cys2 and Thr264 were important for keeping the catalytic activity of BSH1. The high conservative Cys2 was not the only active site, other mutant amino acid sites were possibly involved in substrate binding. These mutant residues might influence the space and shape of the substrate-binding pockets or the channel size for substrate passing through and entering active site of BSH1, thus, the hydrolytic activity of BSH1 was changed to different conjugated bile salt.
Amidohydrolases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Bile Acids and Salts ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Lactobacillus ; enzymology ; genetics ; Substrate Specificity

Amifostine ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; Humans ; Oral Health ; Radiation Injuries ; etiology ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Radiation-Protective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Radiotherapy ; adverse effects ; Radiotherapy, Conformal ; Salivary Glands ; radiation effects ; Salivation ; radiation effects ; Submandibular Gland ; surgery ; transplantation ; Xerostomia ; etiology ; prevention & control ; therapy

In order to investigate the interactions between first- and second-order motion perception systems, 14 adult subjects with normal or correct to normal visual acuity were recruited and divided into two groups. Then these two groups were trained, in their parafovea, to discriminate the direction of first- and second-order motion gratings respectively. The spatial frequency of the gratings used in study was fixed at 2 cycles/degree and the temporal frequency was fixed at 8 Hz during training. Contrast sensitivity of subjects in these two training groups for first- and second- order motion was measured before and after 7 days' training to estimate the effects of training. In addition, the differences between the two training groups(14 subjects) and another control group (11 subjects) were studied. The results showed that: 1) the training with first-order motion gratings can improve subjects' performance in first-order motion direction discrimination but the improvement can't be transferred to the performance in second-order motion task; 2) the training with second-order motion gratings can improve subjects' performance in both first- and second-order motion direction discrimination tasks. In conclusion, an " asymmetric transfer" occurred between the training effect of first- and second-order motion gratings. These results indicate that there are two mechanisms for perceiving first- and second-order motion respectively. However, they are not completely different from each other but only partly separated.

Objective To evaluate the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) targeting optimal oxygenation on local gas distribution and inflammation in dogs with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods ARDS was induced by saline alveoli-lavage and oleic acid intravenous. The animals were mechanical ventilated 4 h at optimal PEEP titrated by oxygenation. Computed tomography (CT) scans were performed before and after induction of ARDS and at the end the study. NF-κB was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), IL-6 and IL-10 were assessed by ELISA.Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Pathological changes were examined under optical microscope. Results (1) Compared to baseline, total lung volumes decreased and nonaerated areas increased significantly after the induction of ARDS in both groups (P ＜ 0.05 ). Compared with ARDS models, PEEP titrated to achieve optimal oxygenation resulted in greater lung recruitment but was accompanied with hyperinflation, hyperinflation occurred in non-dependent lung. Compared with oleic acidinjured ARDS, the changing of hyperinflated lung areas was increased markedly in saline lavage-injured ARDS (P＜0.05). (2) Compared with right lung ventral lower lobe, lung injury score was lower in right lung upper lobe. Histological injury in right lung dorsal lower lobe was severer than that in right lung upper lobe and right lung ventral lower lobe. NF-κB activation of right lung dorsal lower lobe was markedly higher than right lung upper lobe (P ＜ 0.05 ). MPO and MDA were much higher with right lung dorsal lower lobe than right lung upper lobe and right lung ventral lower lobe ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Compared with right lung upper lobe and right lung ventral lower lobe, IL-6 and IL-10 increased markedly in right lung dorsal lower lobe ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions Alveolar hyperinflation and aggravated lung injury in non-dependent region were occurred at PEEP targeting optimal oxygenation. Hyperinflation was more common in saline lavage-injured ARDS.