OBJECTIVETo analyze the relationship between pesticide exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes in famers.

METHODSA search was conducted to collect the articles about the relationship between pesticide exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes published worldwide from 1990 to February 2012. Meta-analysis was performed on the collected articles using RevMan 4.2 software.

RESULTSTwelve articles were collected. Compared with the controls, the pesticide-exposed famers showed a combined odds ratio (OR) for spontaneous abortion of 1.52 (95%CI: 1.04 ∼ 2.21; P = 0.03), a combined OR for premature birth of 1.33 (95%CI: 1.09 ∼ 1.61; P = 0.005), a combined OR for dead fetus of 1.22 (95%CI: 1.16 ∼ 1.29; P < 0.01), a combined OR for stillbirth of 1.90 (95%CI: 0.58 ∼ 6.28; P = 0.29), a combined OR for birth defect of 2.02 (95%CI: 0.84 - 4.69; P = 0.12), a combined OR for low birth weight of 1.62 (95%CI: 0.60 ∼ 4.39; P = 0.34), a combined OR for neonatal death of 2.18 (95%CI: 0.54 ∼ 8.88; P = 0.28), and a combined OR for delayed conception of 1.43 (95%CI: 0.93 ∼ 2.18; P = 0.1). Pesticide exposure increased the risks for spontaneous abortion, premature birth, and dead fetus, but was not significantly associated with stillbirth, birth defect, low birth weight, neonatal death, and delayed conception.

CONCLUSIONPesticide exposure can cause adverse pregnancy outcomes in farmers, increasing the risks of spontaneous abortion, premature birth, and dead fetus.

Agriculture ; Female ; Humans ; Maternal Exposure ; Pesticides ; adverse effects ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Rural Population

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of Vitex negundo var. heterophylla seeds ethanol extract(VSE) on immunological hepatitis and acute inflammation mice model.

METHODHepatic function in the immunological liver injury model was evaluated by assessing the levels of ALT in plasma, and the content of MDA, ORAC, NO and iNOS mRNA in liver tissues. VSE effect on the acute inflammation caused by croton oil and carrageenan was observed.

RESULTCompared to the model group, 125 and 500 mg x kg(-1) VSE could inhibit the activities of ALT in mice plasma, and enhanced levels of ORAC and decreased levels of MDA and modulated levels of NO in liver tissues. Meanwhile, VSE could ameliorate the ear swelling induced by croton oil and reduced the thickness of mice hind paw induced by carrageenan as well.

CONCLUSIONThe results indicated that VSE exerted potential effects on immunological hepatitis and the mechanisms might be partly related to free radical scavenging activity and inhibit release of iNOS. VSE also showed partial effects on acute inflammation.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; administration & dosage ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Hepatitis ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Vitex ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of ecoimmunonutrition supplement on intestinal microecology, epithelial tight junctions, and barrier function in rats with surgical stress.

METHODSSeventy SD rats after surgical trauma were randomly divided into four groups:(1) placebo group,(2)total parenteral nutrition(TPN) group,(3)enteral nutrition(EN) group and (4)ecoimmunonutrition (EEN)group respectively. Rats received isocaloric and isonitrogenous nutrition. Nutrients were administered via the neck vein and the needle jejunostomy for five days. The homogenated tissues of liver, lung, and mesenteric lymph nodes were cultured to determine the bacterial translocation rate. The transmembrane binding proteins(occludin) was measured by immunohistochemistry. The ultrastructure and morphology of intestinal epithelial tight junctions in the intestine were observed by electron microscope. The feces in cecum was cultured for anaerobic bacterial growth and analysed.

RESULTSThe amounts of lactobacteria and bifidobacteria in EEN group were significantly higher than those in TPN group(P<0.05). The expression levels of occludin in the intestine was significantly higher in EEN group than that in TPN and EN group. Furthermore, the intestinal epithelial tight junction and microvilli of EEN group were more intact compared with those of TPN group. The bacterial translocation rates of liver, lung and mesenteric lymph nodes were significantly lower in EEN and EN group than those in TPN group(P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONApplication of ecoimmunonutrition can protect intestinal mucosal barrier in rats with operative stress, increase the expression of occludin, maintain the gut epithelial tight junction, and eliminate gut bacterial translocation.

Animals ; Enteral Nutrition ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; microbiology ; Intestinal Mucosa ; physiopathology ; Male ; Probiotics ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo compare the expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) among VLA-4 (CD49 d), VLA-5 (CD49e), LFA-1 (CD11a), L-selectin (CD62L), and PECAM-1 (CD31) which are more related to the homing of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) on the ex vivo expanded CD34+ subset with that of fresh isolated AC133+ cells.

METHODSAC133+ cells selected from fresh cord blood (CB) samples were cultured in QBSF-60 serum-free media in the presence of Flt-3 ligand + SCF + TPO (FST), with initial addition of IL-3 for up to 2 week. Expansion potential and the expression of above CAMs were evaluated at day 0, day 7, day 10 and day 14.

RESULTS(1) Simultaneously numerical expansion of various HSPC was constantly observed during the culture, and the fold expansion of AC133+ cells and CD34+ cells on day 14 were 33.50 and 64.56 respectively; (2) The number of CD34+ subsets expressing the above adhesions were all increased at different degrees (from 20 fold to 160 fold). (3) The expressions of CD11a, CD49d, and CD49e on ex vivo expanded CD34+ cells were increased as compared to their baseline levels, but the percentage of CD62L+ and CD31+ subpopulations in CD34+ cells were decreased.

CONCLUSIONSOur short-term culture system can not merely support the simultaneous expansion of CB derived AC133+ cells, but the expanded hematopoietic progenitors may well sustained the expression of homing-related adhesion molecules.

AC133 Antigen ; Antigens, CD ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media, Serum-Free ; Cytokines ; physiology ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; cytology ; metabolism ; Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-3 ; pharmacology ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; Peptides ; metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing ; metabolism

Objective To compare the antibody response induced by primary immunization with 5 μ g and 10 μ g hepatitis B vaccine made by recombinant DNA techniques among the newborns.Methods Healthy infants who had completed primary immunization with 5 μg hepatitis B vaccine made by recombinant dexyribonucleic acid techniques in Saccharomyces (Hep-SC) or 10 μg hepatitis B vaccine made by recombinant dexyribonucleic acid techniques in Hansenula polymorpha (HepB-HP) were included in the study.Kids under study were 7-12 months of age and had been on 0-1-6 schedule.Standardized questionnaire was used and blood samples were collected.The titer of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) was detected by Chemiluminescence Microparticle Imunoassay (CMIA).If anti-HBs happened to be under 10 mIU/ml,HBV DNA was further detected by nested-PCR to distinguish occult hepatitis B virus infection.Sero-conversion rate and titer of anti-HBs were compared between the two kinds of hepatitis B vaccines.Multivariate analysis was used to find the relationship between the kind of hepatitis B vaccine as well as the antibody response after debugging the other influencing factors including month-age,gender,birth-weight,premature birth and mother' s HBsAg status.Results 8947 infants vaccinated with 5 μg HepB-SC and 4576 infants vaccinated with 10 μg HepB-HP were investigated.In the 5 μg group,the rates of non-,low-,normal- and high-response were 1.88％,15.18％,61.42％ and 21.52％ respectively.In the 10 μg group,the corresponding rates were 0.15％,2.16％,29.42％ and 68.26％ respectively.The non-,low-,normal-response rates were all higher in 5 μg group than in 10 μg group (P＜0.01),while the high-response rate was much higher in 10 μg group than in 5 μ g group (P＜0.01).The geometric mean concentration (GMC) of anti-HBs were 354.81 mIU/ml (95％ CI:338.84-363.08 mIU/ml) and 1778.28 mIU/ml (95％CI:1698.24-1819.70 mIU/ml) in the 5 μg group and 10 μg group respectively.The GMC was statistically higher in the 10 μg group than in the 5 μg group (P＜0.001).The seroconversion rate and GMC were significantly different between the two groups even after debugging the other influencing factors.Conclusion Better anti-HBs response could be achieved by primary immunization with 10 μg HepB-HP than with 5 μg HepB-SC among newborns.

Objective To compare the antibody response between preterm and full-term infants after primary immunization of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB).Methods Infants who were aged 7-12 months and had completed primary immunization with 5 μg HepB made by recombinant dexyribonucleic acid techniques in saccharomyces cerevisiae (HepB-SC) or 10 μg HepB made by recombinant dexyribonucleic acid techniques in Hansenula polymorpha (HepB-HP) on 0-1-6 schedule were investigated in four provinces (municipality) including Beijing,Shandong,Jiangsu and Guangxi of China.Among them,all preterm infants were selected to form the preterm group and the 1:1 matching full-term infants with the same month-age,gender and residence were randomly selected to form the full-term group.Their HepB history was determined by immunization certificate and all of their parents were interviewed with standard questionnaire to get their birth information.Blood samples were obtained from all anticipants and were tested for Anti-HBs by chemiluminescence microparticle immuno-assay (CMIA).Results Total anticipants were 648 pairs of infants.The rates of non-response,low-response,normal-response and high-response after the primary immunization were 1.39％,8.64％,45.83％ and 44.14％ in the preterm group,respectively.The corresponding rates were 1.08％,9.26％,44.91％ and 44.75％ in the full-term group.The above four rates did not show significant differences between the two groups (P＞0.05).The geometric mean concentrations (GMC) of anti-HBs in the pre-term and full-term group were 755.14 and 799.47 mIU/ml respectively.There was no significantly difference in the GMCs between the two groups (P＞0.05).Results from multivariable conditional logistic analysis showed that preterm was not an influencing factor to the antibody response after HepB primary immunization among newborns even after debugging the other influencing factors.Conclusion The autibody response after HepB primary immunization were similar among the preterm and full-term infants.The preterm newborns could be immunized under the same HepB immunization strategy.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the influencing factors and countermeasures of infection in leukemia patients after allogeneic peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: A total of 126 patients with leukemia admitted in our hospital from August 2016 to March 2018 were selected. The number of infected patients after transplantation was recorded, and the causes of infection were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 126 patients, 43 were positive for infection, and the infection rate was 34.13%. A total of 89 pathogens were detected, of which bacteria accounted for 64.05%; virus accounted for 22.47%, and fungi accounted for 13.48%. The patient's age, donor type, pre-transplant infection, prophylactic use of antibiotics and aGVHD all were factors influencing the patient's infection (P＜0.05). The follow-up results showed that the incidence of infection in the intervention group significantly decreased after intervention with prevention program (P＜0.05). After reasonable nursing intervention, the incidence of infection in the intervention group after follow-up for 12 months was lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION Pre-transplant infection and prophylactic use of antibiotics are factors influencing the infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The incidence of infection can be reduced by reasonable infection prevention.
Graft vs Host Disease ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Infections ; Leukemia ; Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation

Pharmacokinetic parameters can be significantly altered for acute kidney injury (AKI), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and continuous veno-venous hemofiltration therapy (CVVH). Here we reported a case of individualized vancomycin dosing for a patient diagnosed as severe acute pancreatitis treated with concurrent ECMO and CVVH. A 65 kg 32-year-old woman was admitted to hospital presented with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), respiratory failure, metabotropic acidosis and hyperkalemia. She was admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) on hospital day 1 and was initiated on CVVH. She progressed to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on ICU day 2, and veno-venous ECMO was instituted. Several catheters were inserted into the body to support ECMO, CVVH and pulse indicator continuous cardiac output (PiCCO), so vancomycin was prescribed empirically on ICU day 3 for prevention of catheter-related infection. Given the residual renal function and continuous hemofiltration intensity on day 3, vancomycin bolus of 1 000 mg was prescribed, followed by a maintenance dose of 500 mg every 8 hours. On ICU day 4, a vancomycin trough serum concentration of 14.1 mg/L was obtained before the fourth dose, which was within the target range of 10-20 mg/L. By ICU day 7, vancomycin dosage was elevated to 1.0 g every 12 hours because of aggravated infection and improved kidney function. On ICU day 14, a vancomycin trough serum concentration of 17 mg/L was obtained. Her white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil percentage (Neut%) dropped to the normal level by ICU day 19. This vancomycin regimen was successful in providing a target attainment of trough serum concentration ranging from 10-20 mg/L quickly and in controlling infection-related symptoms and signs properly. With the help of this case report we want to call attention to the clinically significant alteration in vancomycin pharmacokinetics among critically ill patients. Individualized vancomycin dosing regimens and therapeutic drug monitoring are necessary for critically ill patients receiving CVVH and ECMO to ensure that the target serum vancomycin levels are reached to adequately treat the infection and avoid nephrotoxicity.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage* ; Critical Illness ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ; Female ; Hemofiltration ; Humans ; Pancreatitis/drug therapy* ; Vancomycin/administration & dosage*

Galactinol synthase (GolS) genes play important roles in plant response to abiotic stress. In this research, the plant expression vector of soybean GmGolS2-2 gene was constructed and transformed into tobacco to study the drought tolerance of transgenic tobacco. A GmGolS2-2 gene with 975 bp coding sequence was cloned from soybean leaves by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). GmGolS2-2 was linked to the plant expression vector pRI101 by restriction enzyme sites Nde Ⅰ and EcoR Ⅰ, and transformed into tobacco by leaf disc method. Genomic DNA PCR and real-time PCR showed that three GmGolS2-2 transgenic tobacco plants were obtained. The growth status of GmGolS2-2 transgenic tobacco under drought stress was better than that of wild-type tobacco. After drought stress treatment, the electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content of transgenic tobacco were lower than those of wild-type tobacco, but the proline content and soluble sugar content were higher than those of wild-type tobacco. The results of real-time PCR showed that the heterologous expression of GmGolS2-2 increased the expression of stress-related genes NtERD10C and NtAQP1 in transgenic tobacco. The above results indicated that GmGolS2-2 improved drought resistance of transgenic tobacco.
Drought Resistance ; Tobacco/genetics* ; Soybeans/genetics* ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics* ; Stress, Physiological/genetics* ; Droughts ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant

Objective: To analyze the current adherence to imatinib in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) in China and its influencing factors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Study period: from October 1, 2020 to November 31, 2020. Study subjects: GIST patients taking imatinib who were diagnosed and treated in public tertiary level A general hospitals or oncology hospitals; those who had not been pathologically diagnosed, those who never received imatinib, or those who had taken imatinib in the past but stopped afterwards were excluded. The Questionnaire Star online surgery platform was used to design a questionnaire about the adherence to adjuvant imatinib therapy of Chinese GIST patients. The link of questionnaire was sent through WeChat. The questionnaire contained basic information of patients, medication status and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Results: A total of 2162 questionnaires from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities were collected, of which 2005 were valid questionnaires, with an effective rate of 92.7%. The survey subjects included 1104 males and 901 females, with a median age of 56 (22-91) years old. Working status: 609 cases (30.4%) in the work unit, 729 cases (36.4%) of retirement, 667 cases of flexible employment or unemployment (33.3%). Education level: 477 cases (23.8%) with bachelor degree or above, 658 cases (32.8%) of high school, 782 cases (39.0%) of elementary or junior high school, 88 cases (4.4%) without education. Marital status: 1789 cases (89.2%) were married, 179 cases (8.9%) divorced or widowed, 37 cases (1.8%) unmarried. Two hundred and ninety-four patients (14.7%) had metastasis when they were first diagnosed, including 203 liver metastases, 52 peritoneal metastases, and 39 other metastases. One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine patients underwent surgical treatment, of whom 1642 (81.9%) achieved complete resection. The median time of taking imatinib was 25 (1-200) months. Common adverse reactions of imatinib included 1701 cases (84.8%) of periorbital edema, 1031 cases (51.4%) of leukopenia, 948 cases (47.3%) of fatigue, 781 cases (39.0%) of nausea and vomiting, 709 cases (35.4%) of rash, and 670 cases (33.4%) of lower extremity edema. The score of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale showed that 392 cases (19.6%) had poor adherence, 1023 cases (51.0%) had moderate adherence, and 590 cases (29.4%) had good adherence. Univariate analysis showed that gender, age, work status, economic income, residence, education level, marriage, the duration of taking medication and adverse reactions were associated with adherence to adjuvant imatinib therapy (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that female (OR=1.264, P=0.009), non-retirement (OR=1.454, P=0.001), monthly income ≤4000 yuan (OR=1.280, P=0.036), township residents (OR=1.332, P=0.005), unmarried or divorced or widowed (OR=1.362, P=0.026), the duration of imatinib medication >36 months (OR=1.478, P<0.001) and adverse reactions (OR=1.719, P=0.048) were independent risk factors for poor adherence to adjuvant imatinib. Among patients undergoing complete resection, 324 (19.7%) had poor adherence, 836 (50.9%) had moderate adherence, and 482 (29.4%) had good adherence. Meanwhile, 55 patients with good adherence (11.4%) developed recurrence after surgery, 121 patients with moderate adherence (14.5%) developed recurrence, 61 patients with poor adherence (18.8%) developed recurrence, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.017). Conclusions: The adherence to adjuvant therapy with imatinib in Chinese GIST patients is relatively poor. Females, non-retirement, monthly income ≤4000 yuan, township residents, unmarried or divorced or widowed, the duration of imatinib medication >36 months, and adverse reactions are independently associated with poor adherence of GIST patients. Those with poor adherence have a higher risk of recurrence after surgery. Positive interventions based on the above risk factors are advocated to improve the prognosis of patients with GIST.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use* ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy*