Child ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Nephritis ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Purpura ; complications ; diagnosis ; therapy

Objective To investigate the risk factors of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients with type 2 dia-betes (T2DM), and the clinical evidence for the early diagnosis and treatment thereof. Methods A total of 217 T2DM pa-tients were divided into T2DM with MCI group (n=92) and T2DM with normal cognitive function(NMCI) group (n=125). Mon-treal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA) and activities of daily living scale (ADL) were used to assess the functional status in two groups of patients. The general clinical data and biochemical indicators were obtained and compared in two groups. Re-sults There were statistical differences in age, smoking history, education status, high sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP), coronary heart disease, hypertension, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and T2DM history between two groups. Re-sults of univariate logistic regression analysis showed that old age, longer course of T2DM, smoking history, higher hs-CRP and HbA1c, complicated with coronary heart disease and hypertension were risk factors for T2DM with MCI, while the higher education status was a protective factor. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that old age and longer T 2DM history were risk factors, and the higher education was a beneficial factor for T2DM with MCI. Conclusion Many risk factors may play a part in T2DM with MCI. Early detection and prompting medical attention may help prevent and decrease the preva-lence of MCI in patients with T2DM.

Objective To study the clinical application of proportional assisted ventilation (PAV) in the treatment of neonatal respiratory failure.Method From March 2011 to October 2013,a retrospective study was conducted on newborns receiving ventilation therapy for respiratory failure.The newborns were assigned into PAV group and synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) group.Arterial blood pH 、partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2)、partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and oxygenation index (OI) were compared at the time before ventilation and 2 h,6 h,12 h,24 h after ventilation.The frequency of sedative usage and average time of ventilation between the two groups were compared.Result A total of 30 cases were enrolled in the PAV group and the SIMV group respectively.Before ventilation,no statically significant differences existed on blood pH[(7.13 ± 0.12)、(7.14 ±0.11)],PaO2[(41.1 ±8.9),(40.8±8.8) mmHg],PaCO2[(76.4±12.6),(73.2±13.5) mmHg]and OI between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).2 h after ventilation,the blood pH [(7.25 ± 0.17)、(7.23 ± 0.15)],PaO2 [(51.0 ± 5.6)、(48.6 ± 5.3) mmHg] and OI were significantly improved,while PaCO2 [(66.3 ± 8.7)、(64.0 ± 7.5) mmHg] decreased.Comparing with data before ventilation,those parameters were statistically improved at each time point after ventilation (P ＜ 0.01).But no statistically differences existed between the two groups at the same time (P ＞ 0.05).Sedatives were used (2.3 ± 1.2)times/case in PAV group and (3.9 ± 2.2) in SIMV group,with statistically differences between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Average duration of ventilation were (5.1 ± 1.9) d in PAV group and (5.4 ± 2.1) d in SIMV group,with no statistically differences between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion PAV is very effective in treating the neonatal respiratory failure and worth spreading.

Objective To gain experimental data about breeding Musca domestica larvae by pig manure and to evaluate the effects and cost-benefit of feeding hens with larvae instead of fish powder. Methods The concentration of fatty acids and trace elements in the larvae bred with man-made fodder or pig manure were measured. The quality of eggs produced by hens fed with the larva powder or fresh larvae was investigated. Results The contents of trace elements (Ca,Fe,Cu,Zn,Se) of the larvae bred with pig manure were higher than those with man-made fodder(P0.05). Conclusion Breeding Musca domestica larvae with pig manure could produce good larva protein and reduce the expenses. The quality of the egg produced by the hens fed with larvae is as good as the quality of common eggs.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism and its relation to serum total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG) levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver.Methods Serum levels of TC,TG, TSH,TT_3 and TT_4 were determined in 1 602 subjects which were divided into groups by sex and age (20-39,40- 59 and≥60 years).Fatty liver was diagnosed by type B ultrasonography.Restults ( 1 ) Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 6.6% in this population.(2) The mean levels of serum TC and TG in subclinical hypothyroidism group and normal group showed no significant difference ( both P＞0.05 ).(3) On the whole,the prevalences of subclinical hypothyroidism in hypercholesterolemia group and normal cholesterolemia group showed significant difference (P＜0.01 ).(4) In the three age groups of male and few.ale examinees,the prevalences of subclinical hypothyroidism in hypercholesterulemla group and normal cholesterolemia group showed no significant difference ( all P＞0.05 ).In the multiple regression analysis,TSH level was not related with raised TC level.(5) In the three age groups of male,there was no significant difference between the prevalences of subclinical hypothyroidism in hypertriglyceridemla group and normal triglyceridemia group ( all P＞0.05 ).In female,expect for the elderly group (＞60 years old ),the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was higher in hypertriglyceridemia group than that in normal triglyceridemia.However,in the multiple regression analysis, increased TSH level was positively associated with increased serum TG level ( OR = 1.072,P=0.013 and OR = 1.102,P = 0.03 ).(6) The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in non-alcobolic fatty liver group and normal group showed no significant difference ( P＞0.05 ).In the multiple regression analysis,TSH level was not the independent risk factor of non-alcoholic fatty liver (P＞0.05 ).Conclusion Subclinical hypothyroidism is not asseciated with serum TC level but positively associated with serum TG level.Subclinical hypothyroidism does not apparently increase the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver.

Animals ; HIV Long Terminal Repeat ; genetics ; Humans ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Spumavirus ; genetics ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the distribution and antibiotic resistance of the isolated pathogens from children with infectious diarrhea in Guangzhou.

METHODSThe fecal samples of 2 409 children with infectious diarrhea between January 2006 and December 2007 were collected and cultured. Pathogenic bacterium were isolated and identified by biochemical and serological methods. The antibiotic susceptibilities were tested by the Kirby-Bauer method.

RESULTSA total of 448 isolates of pathogenic bacterium (18.6%) were obtained, including Shigella (n=159), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (n=141), Salmonella (n=76), Vibrion (n=11), fungus (n=41), and C jejuni (n=20). All of isolates of the three major pathogenic bacterium, Shigella, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella, were susceptible to imipenem and less than 10% of the isolates were resistant to the third generation cephalosporins and beta-lactamase inhibitors. However, the isolates showed a high resistance to ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (>75%).

CONCLUSIONSShigella, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella were major pathogenic bacterium of diarrhea in children from Guangzhou. The major isolates were susceptible to imipenem, the third generation cephalosporins and beta -lactamase inhibitors, but were resistant to ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim.

Adolescent ; Bacteria ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diarrhea ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Female ; Fungi ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infant ; Male

Objective To investigate the applicability of Cys C-based formulas for prediction of GFR in Chinese patients with CKD.Methods A total of 176 adult patients with CKD including 90 males and 86 females collected from 4 hospitals located in different geographic regions of China (Beijing,Shanghai,Dalian and Changsha) were enrolled in this study from September 2007 to July 2009.The rGFR was measured using 99mTc-DTPA clearance rate two-sample method.Cystantic C was measured by PETIA and PENIA respectively.The results of eGFR in the Larsson formula,Grubb formula,Hoek formula,Filler formula,Stevens formula and Hojs formula were compared with the rGFR to evaluate the calculation coherence,bias,precision,accuracy and the performance of correct phasing of the formulas.Results The mean 99mTc-DTPA clearance was [40.70 ( 19.09 - 86.49)] ml · min-1 · ( 1.73m2 ) -1.Significant difference was witnessed in the evaluation of GFR estimation formulas calculated by PETIA and PENIA (P ＜0.01).ICC and Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between eGFR and rGFR.The ICCs of eGFR and rGFR ranged from 0.874 to 0.938.Compared with rGFR,the 30％ accuracy of all the eight evaluation formulas using PETIA and PENIA method were lower than 60％.The percentages of correct phasing in all the 5 stages of CKD were not ideal.With these formulas,percentages of correct phasing from CKD stage 2 to CKD stage 4 were lower than 65％.The eGFRs were underestimated by formulas evaluated by PENIA in CKD stage 1.All the eGFRs were overestimated remarkably by all equations in CKD stage 5.Conclusions None of the eight Cys C based formulas are ideal for estimation of GFR in Chinese CKD patients,and they can not be applied to Chinese patients directly.For this patient population,further studies will be needed to develop a more accurate Cys C-based GFR estimation formula that includes ethnicity,age and other factors.

A dispute about the decreasing-price problem of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has recently arisen. This article analyzes the statistical data of 1995-2011 in China, the results showed that the main responsibility of expensive health care has no direct relationship with the drug price. The price index of TCM rose significantly slower than the medicine prices, the production margins of TCM affected by the material prices has been diminishing since 1995, continuous price reduction will further depress profits of the TCM industry. Considering the pros and cons of raw materials vary greatly in price, decreasing medicine price behavior will force enterprises to use inferior materials in order to maintain corporate profits. The results have the guiding meaning to medicine price management.
Commerce ; economics ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Health Care Sector ; economics ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics

Objective To analyze the ultrasonic features of thyroid microcarcinoma (TMC) and the causes of misdiagnosis. Methods The ultrasonic features including shape, margin, echogenecity, microcalcification, vascularity and lymphadenopathy were analyzed retrospectively in 26 pathologically-proven TMC patients. Results In 26 cases, 11 cases were diagnosed correctly before operation (11/26, 42.31%), 12 cases were misdiagnosed (12/26, 46.15%) as adenoma or benign nodule, and 3 cases were missed diagnosed (3/26, 11.54%). Among the 23 cases detected on ultrasound, 21 cases were solid and hypoechoic (21/23, 91.30%);19 cases were ill-defined (19/23, 82.61%);12 cases were taller than wide in shape (12/23, 52.17%); 14 cases had microcalcification (14/23, 60.87%); 7 cases showed central or peripheral blood flow signals (7/23,30.43%) with arterial resistance index>0.70 in 3 lesions and<0.70 in 4 lesions. Conclusions Several ultrasonographic features are helpful in identiifcation of TMC, including hypo/iso-echogenecity, ill-deifned margin, taller-than-wide shape, microcalciifcation, arterial signals with high resistance index, and abnormal lymphadenopathy. Moreover, for cases with multiple lesions, to the potential co-existence of benign and malignant lesions should be considered.