OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacological effects of ginsenoside Rb1 research progress. METHODS: According to domestic and foreign research reports of ginsenoside Rb1 in recent years, the pharmacological effects of Rb1 research progress. RESULTS: This article reviewed pharmacological effects and pharmacokinetic research of ginsenosides Rb1 from the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, immune system, and anti-tumor, anti-hepatic warm ischemia-reperfusion, lowering blood sugar and other aspects. CONCLUSION: Ginsenoside Rb1 is an important chemical material with a lot of pharmacological activities, studying its pharmacological effects can provide relevant information for further its development and utilization.

Objective To observe the significance of expressions of CD14+CD16+ on peripheral monocytes in children with Kawasaki di-sease (KD).Methods The expression of CD14+ and CD14+CD16+ monocytes in 16 children with KD (1-11 years old) were analyzed by flow cytomety both pre-treatment and post-treatment.And the percentages of CD14+CD16+ monocytes among CD14+ monocytes were calculated.Sixteen healthy children (10 months -10 years old) were served as normal control group.Statistical analysis was performed using t test.Results The levels of CD14+ monocytes,percentage of CD14+CD16+ monocytes among CD14+ monocytes and CD14+CD16+ monocytes in children with KD during acute phase (n=16) were (1.03?0.58)?109 L-1,(12.53?5.31)% and(1.20?0.79)?108 L-1.They were significantly higher than those in the normal controls[(0.57?0.21)?109 L-1,(3.86?1.84)% and (0.21?0.10)?108 L-1](Pa0.05).And the expressive levels remained high when the patient recurred.Conclusions The expressive levels of CD14+CD16+ monocytes increase in children with KD.And they change when the patient's clinical condition change.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a highly snsitive and specific LC-MS/MS method to explore the pharmacokinetic propeties of ginsenoside Rb1. METHODS: Ginsenoside Rb1 dissolved in normal saline was administered in a dose of 100 mg·kg-1 via gastric in fusion and 10 mg·kg-1 by intravenous injection in rats. Plasma was collected from fundus oculi venous plexus and ginsenoside Rb1 was analyzed by a validated LC-MS/MS method in plasma after intravenous and oral administration. The pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated by software PKSolver V2.0. RESULTS: The main pharmacokinetic parameters of ginsenoside Rb1 after oral administration of 100 mg·kg-1 dosage were as follows: ρmax (2.01 ± 0.93) μg·mL-1, tmax (7.20 ± 5.49) h, t1/2 (25.91 ± 15.84) h, AUC0~96h (88.47 ± 58.99) μg·h·mL-1. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of ginsenoside Rb1 after intravenous administration of 10 mg ·kg-1 dosage were as follows: ρmax (194.81 ± 28.84) μg·mL-1, t1/2α (0.18 ± 0.05) h, t1/2β (14.66 ± 4.19) h, AUC0~96h (1671.16 ± 388.91) μg·h·mL-1. CONCLUSION: The ginsenoside Rb1 of orally administered was 0.62%, shows poor absolute bioavailability, and intravenous injection directly distribute into the blood vessels, can be the priority.

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of sodion in cefalotin sodium by ion chromatography and investi-gate the salt-forming rate of the products. Methods: A TSKgelSuper IC-CR cation exchange column (150 mm × 4. 6 mm, 3. 0 μm) was used. The mobile phase was the mixture of 2. 2 mmol·L-1 methanesulfonic acid and 1 mmol·L-1 18-crown-6-ether with the flow rate of 0. 8 ml·min-1 . The column temperature was 40℃ and the injection volume was 20μl. The detector was an electric conductiv-ity detector. Results:The linear correlation of sodion was good within the range of 3. 0-60. 0μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 9). The average re-covery was 99. 8%(RSD=0. 8%, n=9). The mole number ratio of sodion to cefalotin was within the range of 0. 97-1. 03. Conclu-sion:The method is specific, precise and accurate, and can be used in the determination of sodion in cefalotin sodium. The salt-form-ing rate of the 8 batches of samples is promising.

Objective:To establish an HPLC coupled with post column derivatization method for the determination of gentamicin C components and the related substances based on the latest European Pharmacopeia and compare with the electrochemical method. Methods:A Hydrophilic C18(250 mm ×4.6 mm, 5 μm)column was used with acetonitrile-50 mmol·L-1 sodium hydroxide solution ( pH 2. 6) containing 0. 7% trifluoroacetic acid and 0. 025% pentafluoropropanoic acid (1. 5∶98. 5) as the mobile phase. The temper-ature of post-column reaction was set at 30℃, and the samples were detected by a fluorescence detector withλex of 340nm andλem of 430nm. A pulsed amperometric detector (PAD) was applied in the electrochemical method with golden working electrode in a four-po-tential working mode. Results: According to the results of the two detection methods, the linear range of C1a , C2 , C2a and C1 was 5.82-233.00,6.92-277.00,4.00-160.00and6.23-249.00 μg·ml-1(r >0.9993) , respectively. The limit of detection and quantization were 0. 92-3. 28ng and 1. 37-5. 19ng, respectively. Conclusion:There is no significant difference between the determina-tion results of the two methods.

Objective To explore the possible mechanism and protective effect of Xuebijing injection (血必净注射液)and dexamethasone on rats with paraquat-induced chronic pulmonary injury.Methods Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups:normal group(n=5),model group(n=5), treatment groups(n=20).In the normal group,normal saline was used,while in the other groups,20% paraquat 80 mg/kg was injected peritoneally for poisoning.After 2 hours of intoxication,low dose Xuebijing injection(1.25 g/kg),high dose Xuebijing injection(2.50 g/kg),dexamethasone(25 mg/kg),high dose Xuebijing injection combined with dexamethasone(combined group)respectively were administered into the four different treatment groups,equal amount of normal saline was given to the normal and model groups,and the treatment continued for 4 days.At 28 days after paraquat injection,5 rats in each group were killed respectively,serum transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1)and hydroxyproline(HYP)level in the lung homogenate were measured,and pulmonary coefficient and histological changes were observed.Results In the treatment groups,the levels of serum TGF-?1 and lung tissue HYP,pulmonary coefficient were leas than those of model group,and among the treatment groups,combined group had the best results(all P

Objective: To explore incidence trend of hepatitis C in Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2008 to 2022, so as to provide the basis for formulating prevention and control measures for hepatitis C. Methods: Data of reported hepatitis C cases in Chifeng City from 2008 to 2022 was collected through the Infectious Disease Information Reporting Management System. Trends in incidence of hepatitis C were analyzed using annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC). Impact of age, period and birth cohort on the risk of developing hepatitis C were analyzed by an age-period-cohort model. Results: The annual average reported incidence rate of hepatitis C in Chifeng City was 59.13/105 from 2008 to 2022. The incidence showed an upward trend from 2008 to 2018 (APC=9.405%, P<0.05) and a downward trend from 2018 to 2022 (APC=-17.475%, P<0.05), but the overall trend was not statistically significant (AAPC=0.937%, P>0.05). The age-period-cohort model analysis showed that the incidence risks of hepatitis C in the residents aged 0 to 4 years and 45 to 84 years were higher than those in the residents aged 40 to 44 years (the control group). The incidence risk of hepatitis C increased with age from 40 to 79 years. Compared with 2008-2012, the incidence risk of hepatitis C showed an increasing trend followed by a decline in 2008-2022. The incidence risk was higher in 2013-2017 and lower in 2018-2022 than in 2008-2012. The incidence risk of hepatitis C showed an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend by using the birth cohort from 1968 to 1972 as the control. The birth cohort from 1953 to 1977 had a higher incidence risk of hepatitis C than other birth cohorts. Conclusions The overall incidence of hepatitis C in Chifeng City from 2008 to 2022 appeared a tendency towards a decline, and the incidence risk increased with age. Screening and health education for the elderly and high-risk birth cohorts should be strengthened.

Enhancing medical students' humane quality education is an urgent requirement for modem medical mode transformation for medical education.The pharmacology teachers of Chongqing Medical University follow the modem education concepts and fully search the human spirit materials hidden in pharmacology,then actively explore how to integrate the humanity spirit education into the pharmacology teaching to achieve the changes of from exam-oriented education to quality education.

Objective To characterize the audiological features in the infants with otitis media with effusion(OME)and to investigate the utility of variety of objective andiometry methods in diagnosis and intervention on OME.Methods Fifry six infants(40 males and 16 females)were investigated,who were referred to our clinic at the General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army by the other hospitals from December 2004 to June 2007 when the infants were diagnosed or highly suspected of OME.The ages at the initial diagnosis ranged from 42 days to three years,with an average of five months.The infants,after receiving the conventional otolaryngological exams,were subjected to the tests of auditory brainstem response (ABR),otoacoustic emission(OAE),tympanometry(226 Hz and 1000 Hz)and behaviors audiometry.Results Among 56 affected infants.87 ears were diagnosed with OME,of which 31 infants were affected bilateral and 25 with monaural.For the 49 infants who received hearing screening at birth.36 infants were referred at the initial screening.For the 52 infants who received repeated screening.all subjects were referred.Six infants without receiving hearing screening came to clinic when their parents observed their kids'hearing impairment.Among the 52 cases(104 ears)who received tympanometry test,20 subjects (28 ears)showed B or C type tympanometry curve.Thirty-nine cases(78 ears)were given tympanometry test at 1000 Hz,of which 38 cases(55 ears)showed abnormal hearing.Among 56 infants(112 ears)with ABR test,49 subjects(74 ears)exhibited prolonged ABR type Ⅰ curve.All 56 infants(112 ears)received OAE test,of which 55 subjects(81 ears)were referred Four infants(8 ears)accepted the behavior test and all of them showed A-B Gap.Conclusions The combined tympanometry test at both 226 Hz and 1000 Hz,ABR latency or threshold test,infant's behavior test and OAE,used jointly,enable characterizing better OME in infants.thus helping early diagnosis of this hearing disorder.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the composition, function, and regulatory mechanisms of the secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) gene in metastatic prostate cancer.

METHODSWe obtained the data about the whole genomic expression profiles on prostate cancer metastasis from the GEO database, and performed data-mining and bioinformatic analysis using BRB-Array Tools and such softwares as Protparam, MotifScan, SignalP 4.0, TMHMM, NetPhos2.0, PredictProtein, GO, KEGG, and STRING.

RESULTSTotally, 73 co-expressed differential genes in prostate cancer metastasis were identified, 21 up-regulated and 52 down-regulated (P <0.01). Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the highly expressed SPP1 gene encoded 314 amino acids and contained 2 N-glycosylation sites, 8 casein kinase II phosphorylation sites and 3 protein kinase C phosphorylation sites, playing essential roles in extracellular matrix (ECM) binding, ossification, osteoblast differentiation, cell adhesion, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, focal adhesion, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and ECM-receptor interaction.

CONCLUSIONThe bioinformatic method showed a high efficiency in analyzing microarray data and revealing internal biological information. SPP1 may play an important role in prostate cancer metastasis and become a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer metastasis and a new target for its treatment.

Computational Biology ; Data Mining ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; Male ; Microarray Analysis ; Osteopontin ; chemistry ; genetics ; secretion ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors ; metabolism