OBJECTIVETo analyze the changes of patients with type 2 diabetes in different stages in glucagon (GC) and free fatty acid (FFA) in fasting, OGT and L-Arg experiments, and discusses the role of pancreatic alphabeta cells in diabetes pathogenesis by studying the relations among indexes such as glucagon (GC), free fatty acid (FFA) and blood glucose (BG), insulin, insulin homeostasis model (HOMA) and glucose metabolism hormone secretion curve, in order to provide theoretical basis for the treatment of diabetes.

METHODStudy objects were divided into the T2DM group (45 cases), the IGT group (28 cases) and the NGT group (30 cases) for an OGTT experiment and then an L-Arg experiment on the next day. Under the fasting state, their blood glucose (FBG), insulin (F), glucagon (FGC), free fatty acid (FFA) were detected to calculate HOMA-beta, insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and HOMA-IR of different groups. Meanwhile, efforts were made to calculate different time quantum detected in OGTT and L-Arg experiments and area under the curve AUC(BG), AUC(INS) and AUC(GC).

RESULTObvious overall differences were observed in FFA and FGC of the three groups. FGC of each group was negatively correlated with HOMA-beta and ISI. Among all of the 103 study objects, FGC was positively correlated with FBG and HOMA-IR and negatively correlated with HOMA-beta and ISI, with no correlation with FINS; FFA was positively correlated with FBG, HOMA-IR and negatively correlated with FINS, HOMA-beta, ISI. FGC and FFA were positively correlated in the T2DM group and the IGT group, but with no statistical correlation in the NGT group. The sequence of the three study objects was T2DM > IGR > NGT in AUC(GC) in the OGTT experiment and T2DM > IGR > NGT in in AUC(GC) in the L-Arg experiment, with the significant positive correlation between AUC(GC) and AUC(BG) and significant negative correlation with AUC(INS).

CONCLUSIONGlucagon and free fatty acid of T2DM and IGT patients increased, which was positively correlated with blood glucose and HOMA-IR and negatively correlated with INS, HOMA-beta and ISI. The increase in glucagons of T2DM and IGT patients indicated inappropriate secretion of pancreatic alphabeta cells among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Adult ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; metabolism ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; metabolism ; Female ; Glucagon ; blood ; Humans ; Insulin ; secretion ; Islets of Langerhans ; secretion ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVE To select the superior one from two skin-cleaning disinfection methods so as to reduce the possibility of hospital infection.METHODS The water plus soaps(control group) and Daniel disinfectants(test group) were used separately to clean and disinfect the skin of patients in intensive care unit(ICU).The degree of skin-cleaning of patients and hand pollution of nurses were observed and analyzed.RESULTS The number of bacteria on the skin of patients of the test group was remarkably lower than that of the control group with a statistically significant difference(t=7.94,P

Objective To assess the renal protective effects of triptolide treatment in type 2 diabetic rats and its possible mechanisms.Methods Wistar rats were randomized to receive following approach control (n=7),dia- betic model without treatment (n=7) and diabetic group treated with triptolide[200 ?g/(kg?d),n=7].Plasma glucose (PG),serum creatinine (Scr),total cholesterin (TC),triglyeride (TG),kidney mass (KM),index number of kidney hypertrophy (KM/body mass,KM/BM),and 24 hours urinary albumin (24 h UAL) were determined. The protein expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1),osteopontin (OPN) and ED-1 in renal tissue were determined by immunohistochemical technique.The mRNA expressions of MCP-1 and OPN in kidney tissue were assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results Elevated 24 h UAL was markedly attenuated by triptolide treatment [24 h UAL,triptolide:2.32?0.29 vs diabetic model group:3.89? 0.51 mg/mgCr,P

Objective To study the life quality of 2 - 3 years old survivors in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Methods Severe neonates were randomly assigned to intervention group (group 1,30 cases) and non- intervention group (group 2,30 cases) depending on the early intervention applied or not,as well as 30 healthy newborns as normal controls. The physical,neurological conditions and intelligence test were taken regularly. To investigate the psychological state, actions, temperament and family conditions when they were2-3 years old.Results Mental development index(MDI) and physical development index(PDI) in early interventional group were significant higher than those in group 2(P

The HIV susceptibility and resistance alleles in the HLA genes were determined by investigating the distribution characteristics of the HLA alleles (A,B,and DRB1) in HIV-infected individuals of the Han population in Hubei,and by comparing these alleles with HIV-negative individuals from the same area.A cohort of 424 HIV-1 infected individuals were chosen as study subjects,and 836 HIV-negative healthy subjects from the same area served as the control population.HLA-A,B,and DRB 1 allele typing was performed using polymemse chain reaction-sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSOP) and polymerase chain reaction-sequencing based typing (PCR-SBT) techniques.Arlequin ver3.0 was used to analyze the allele and haplotype frequencies of HLA-A,B,and DRB l,whereas Epi Info 7 and SPSS18.0 was used to analyze the differences in the HLA alleles between the HIV-1 positive and HIV-1 negative groups.A*02:03,DRB1*01:01,and DRB1*15:01 alleles and their haplotypes as well as the HLA_Bw4-Bw6 hybrid showed a protective effect on HIV-1 infection.After adjusting for confounding factors such as age and sex,multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that B* 15:02G,DRB 1*01:01,and DRB 1 * 15:01 subtypes were the resistance genes of HIV-1 infection,while B * 13:01 might increase susceptibility to HIV-1 infection.The correlation between A*02:06 and B*15:01G subtypes and HIV-1 susceptibility was independent of the age and sex of the host.This study demonstrated the influence of genetic factors in humans such as HLA polymorphism on individuals to resist HIV-1 infection.Association studies of HLA polymorphism,susceptibility/resistance to HIV-1 infection,and hosts' genetic background are of significant importance for research on HIV-1 pathogenesis and vaccine design.

AIDS antiviral therapy (ART) has achieved great success.Originaly,AIDS had been regarded as a fatal disease,but it has become a kind of infectious disease that could be cured and administrated.Global HIV / AIDS cases were still up to about 38 million,but more than half have been effectively treated.In addition to drug treatment,at present,some new technologies and new methods,such as genome editing,have also been involved in the treatment of AIDS,and in the humanized animal experiment has shown very good results.There is no doubt that AIDS will eventually be stopped its epidemic.However,with the continuous development of AIDS antiviral treatment,the most fundamental problem is that HIV latent library has become increasingly prominent one,whether molecular therapy and hybrid cure have being developed for AIDS treatment,there are still such problem existence.Great efforts shoud be made to continuously search for new markers of latent viral cells and to reduce the latent pool.In addition,despite the prevention and treatment of AIDS has made great achievements,but the world still produces nearly 6000 cases of HIV/AIDS every day.Therefore,the development of safe and effective vaccine,whether in the field of prevention,or in clinical treatment,has its positive significance.

Objective To investigate the potential clinical factors associated with the prognosis and relapse of adult onset Still's disease(AOSD).Methods The factors possibly influencing the prognosis and relapse of AOSD were analyzed by logistic regression and COX regression in the cohort study.Ninety-six con- secutive inpatients of AOSD diagnosed based on Yamaguchi criteria in the hospital from March 1996 to September 2004 were included in the study.Results Nine cases(9.4%)were lost during the follow-up. Eleven patients(12.6%)were diagnosed as other diseases(5 with other rheumatic diseases,4 with tumor and 2 with infections)in the 87 follow-up cases.In 76 cases,3 patients(3.9%)died and 33 patients(43.4%) got remission over one year after treatment.Splenomegaly(OR=3.14,95%CI=1.01～9.74)and treated with methotrexate(OR=0.22,95%CI=0.07～0.67)were associated with the prognosis from the logistic regression analysis of the 76 cases.The serum ferritin(RR=I.05,95%CI=1.01～1.08)and treated with methotrexate (RR=0.13,95%CI=0.02～0.76)were associated with relapse from the COX regression analysis of the 61 remis- sion cases.Conclusion We need to be very cautious in the follow-up of AOSD patients because some of them may change to other diseases.Methotrexate may be an importent therapy of AOSD not only in improve- ment the prognosis but also in reduction of relapse.

AIMTo synthesize poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/cyclodextrin conjugate (PNIPA-beta-CD) as thermosensitive drug carrier, incorporate indomethacin into the conjugate and evaluate the drug release from the carrier in vitro.

METHODSPNIPA-beta-CD was synthesized by introducing carboxyl terminated PNIPA into the primary hydroxy group of beta-CD. The obtained conjugate was characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR and DSC. The indomethacin/PNIPA-beta-CD complex was prepared by lyophilization. In vitro drug release from the complex was carried out at 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C respectively.

RESULTSThermosensitive PNIPA-beta-CD was synthesized successfully. The LCST is 35 degrees C, as measured by turbidity method. The drug release from indomethacin/PNIPA-beta-CD complex was slower at 37 degrees C than that at 25 degrees C.

CONCLUSIONThermosensitive PNIPA-beta-CD with molecular inclusion capacity is a potential carrier for drug sustained release.

Acrylic Resins ; chemistry ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; Indomethacin ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Temperature ; beta-Cyclodextrins ; chemistry

In order to provide scientific basics for exploitation and sufficient application of Dendrobium officinale leaves resources, the phenol-sulfuric acid method was applied to determine the polysaccharide content. The monosaccharides were derivated by PMP and the derivatives were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n) and the contents of mannose and glucose were determined simultaneously. Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (2004A) was employed to generate the mean chromatogram and similarity analysis of the samples was carried out. The results demonstrated that polysaccharide content, monosaccharide compositions and composition ratio had an obvious difference between stems and leaves. The polysaccharide content of stems was higher than that of leaves. Monosaccharide composition in leaf was significantly different from that in stem. The polysaccharide from stems was composed of mannose and glucose, however the polysaccharide of leaves was acid heteropolysaccharide and was mainly composed of five monosaccharides, including mannose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose. The similarity value of the 14 batches was above 0.9, indicating that similarity of fingerprints among different samples was high. The study can provide evidence for expanding the medicinal parts of D. officinale.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dendrobium ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry

Reverse transcriptase-PCR experiments suggest that the two clusters of genes potentially involved in the oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds are organized as operons in strain of the acidophilic, chemolithoautotrophic bacterium Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270, the two clusters of genes including such the ORF of putative sulfate-thiosulfate-molybdate binding proteins, the ORF of putative thiosulfate: quinone oxidoreductase and the ORF of the rhodanese-like protein (P21). Bioinformatic analyses have predicted the possible promoters sequences and the possible +1 start site of transcription for the doxDA operons.