Objective: To optimize the preparation process of tetrandrine dropping pills (TDP) and investigate the in vitro dissolution rate. Methods: Plackett-Burman experimental design was used to screen the critical factors in the preparation process of TDP from the ratio of matrix, ratio of matrix to drug, dropping temperature, dropping rate, dropping distance, and condensate temperature. The forming rate and weight variation of TDP were used as the evaluation index, the parameters in the preparation process of TDP were optimized by using the Box-Behnken response surface method. Moreover, the in vitro dissolution rate of TDP was compared with tetrandrine tablets by rotating basket method. Results: The Plackett-Burman experimental design results showed that the ratio of matrix, dropping temperature and condensate temperature had a significant effect on the forming rate of TDP. The optimum preparation parameters by Box-Behnken response surface method were as follows: the ratio of matrix was 2.6∶1, dropping temperature was 82.4 ℃ and condensation temperature was 7.5 ℃ with high forming rate, good roundness, stable weight, and fast drug dissolution rate of TDP. Conclusion: The quality of TDP by experimental design method can meet the requirements and can be further amplified.

Calcium Channel Blockers ; pharmacology ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Drug Antagonism ; Humans ; Kidney ; cytology ; drug effects ; Lead ; toxicity

A case of adrenal ganglioneuroblastoma is presented here. This adrenal ganglioneuroblastoma was found in a 27-year-old female 7 months after delivery. CT clarified that the tumor originated retroperitoneally and was large in size (11.4 cm x 9.4 cm). The tumor was surgically removed together with pancreatic body and tail, left kidney and spleen, and pathological diagnosis was adrenal ganglioneuroblastoma-intermixed. Adrenal ganglioneuroblastoma is extremely rare in adults, with only about 9 cases documented including this case.
Adrenal Glands ; Adult* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Ganglioneuroblastoma* ; Humans ; Kidney ; Spleen ; Tail

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of pBBADs-OXM-transformed bifidobacteria on the body weight of obese mice.

METHODSB. longum was transformed with pBBADs-OXM by electroporation, and arabopyranose-induced oxyntomodulin expression by the bacterium was detected by ELISA. pBBADs-OXM-transformed bifidobacteria was administered orally obese mice on a daily basis with pBBADs-GFP-transformed bifidobacteria as the negative control, and the body weight changes of the mice were observed.

RESULTSOXM was detected by ELISA not only in the supernatant but also the precipitant of the transformed bacterial culture. The body weight of the obese mice fed with pBBADs-OXM-transformed bifidobacteria decreased significantly compared with that of the mice in the obese model group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONAdministration of pBBADs-OXM-transformed B.longum can reduce the body weight of obese mice.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Appetite Depressants ; administration & dosage ; metabolism ; Bifidobacterium ; genetics ; metabolism ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Electroporation ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mice ; Obesity ; drug therapy ; Oxyntomodulin ; administration & dosage ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Recombinant Proteins ; administration & dosage ; biosynthesis ; genetics

AIM To establish a ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadruple mass spectrometry (UPLC-QQQ-MS) method for the simultaneous content determination of notoginsenoside R1,ginsenoside Re,ginsenoside Rg1,ginsenoside Rb1,ginsenoside Rd,taurine,taurocholic acid,cholic acid,glycocholic acid,glycodeoxycholicacid,chenodeoxycholic acid,deoxycholic acid and muscone in Pientzehuang (Bovis Calculus,Moschus,Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma,etc.).METHODS The analysis of methanol extract of this drug was performed on a 40 ℃ thermostatic Waters CORTECS UPLC C18column (100 mm × 2.1 mm,1.6 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-water (containing 0.1％ formic acid) flowing at 0.25 mL/min in a gradient elution manner.RESULTS Thirteen constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges (r ＞0.998 5),whose average recoveries were 91.1％-105.3％ with the RSDs of 2.4％-4.6％.CONCLUSION This accurate,simple,sensitive and reproducible method can be used for the quality control of Pientzehuang.

Objective To evaluate the prevalence and prognosis of hepatitis E virus ( HEV) su- perinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis B ( CHB) ． Methods Electronic databases of Pubmed， CNKI，and Wanfang were searched，and references of the relevant articles for literatures associated with HEV superinfection in CHB patients in China published during 2008－2019 were screened． Studies which met the inclusion and exclusion criterias were selected and related data were pooled for analysis． The Ｒ 3. 5. 2 and Ｒevman 5. 3 were used to measure heterogeneity with the I2 statistic and pooled incidence and odds ratio ( OＲ) ． Ｒesults 28 literatures were eligible for inclusion． The results showed the rate of HEV superinfection in hospitalized CHB ( CHB-HEV) patients was 13. 6% ( 95%CI: 12. 5% －14. 9%) ． The pooled incidence of liver failure in CHB-HEV patients was 34. 7% ( 95%CI: 29. 6%－40. 1%) ，which was higher than CHB patients ( OＲ= 10. 9，95%CI: 6. 8－17. 4) ，CHB patients superinfected with hepatitis A virus ( CHB-HAV) ( OＲ= 3. 8，95%CI: 2. 4－6. 2) ，and hepatitis E patients ( OＲ= 5. 1，95%CI: 3. 8－ 6. 8) ． The pooled mortality of CHB-HEV patients was 13. 8% ( 95%CI: 10. 3－17. 8) ，which was higher than CHB patients ( OＲ = 8. 5，95%CI: 4. 0－18. 3) ，CHB-HAV patients ( OＲ = 14. 4，95%CI: 4. 8－ 42. 9) ，and hepatitis E patients ( OＲ= 4. 4，95%CI: 3. 0－6. 4) ． Conclusion In China，HEV sueperinfection on chronic hepatitis B patients are common，and is an important cause of liver failure and death．

Objective To study the pharmacokinetic features of reactive sulfide in rats after oral administration of Cinnabaris. Methods An HPLC coupled with precolumn derivatization method was developed for the pharmacokinetic features study on reactive sulfide in rats after oral administration of Cinnabaris. Results Good linearity (r>0.99) was found for reactive sulfide in plasma in the concentration range of 0.25–15 μmol/L (r>0.99). The LOQ and LOD of the method were 0.1 μmol/L and 0.02 μmol/L, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision was less than 4.4% and 3.5% respectively, and the accuracy was -9.9%–6.0%. The average recovery rate was 74.9%. 0.6 g/kg Cinnabaris was given the rats for gavage, and the time-course pharmacokinetics parameters were as follows:Cmax(1.33±0.13) μmol/L, tmax(150±34) min, t1/2(323±62) min, AUC0-∞ (5743±297) ng/mL?h. Conclusion A sensitive, robust and accurate precolumn derivatization-HPLC method for the determination of plasma reactive sulfide is developed and validated. The method is successfully applied in the pharmacokinetic features study on reactive sulfide in plasma of rats after administration of Cinnabaris.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the diagnosis and surgical treatment of congenital scoliosis (CS) with split cord malformation (SCM).

METHODSFrom May 1999 to June 2004, 353 cases of CS were admitted, and 58 cases were diagnosed CS combined with SCM via myelography and (or) CTM. According to Pang's classification for SCM, patients were divided into type I SCM and type II SCM. Two cases gave up operation, and surgeries were performed in 56 patients. Except that one case with arachnoid cyst underwent intraspinal exploration, all other 55 cases underwent spinal correction without dealing with the intraspinal abnormalities. Clinical manifestation, radiological findings, operative methods and results were retrospectively analyzed in this paper.

RESULTSThere were 11 patients (19%) with type I SCM and 47 patients (81%) with type II SCM. In the 56 cases who had surgical treatment, the Cobb angle in the patients with type I SCM (11 cases) was (60 +/- 25) degrees, and in type II SCM (45 cases) was (67 +/- 21) degrees pre-operation. The Cobb angle in type I SCM was (29 +/- 13) degrees and in type II SCM was (39 +/- 19) degrees post-operation, with the correction rate (51 +/- 17)% and (41 +/- 24)% respectively. No statistic differences were found between both types. And there were no new neurological deficits in both groups after the spinal correction operation. After average 17.3 months (4-59 months) follow-up, the correction loss was (6 +/- 10) degrees, (5 +/- 8) degrees in 7 patients with type I SCM and (6 +/- 10) degrees in 19 patients with type II SCM. There was no statistic difference in correction loss between both types. In the follow-up, the neurological symptoms and signs of the patients were stable.

CONCLUSIONConsidering the incidence of intraspinal anomalies in patients with congenital scoliosis, intraspinal examination via myelography, CTM or MRI should be performed prior to spinal correction surgery. For congenital scoliosis with type I SCM, the bone spur need not be excised before spinal correction if there is no signs of spinal cord tethered and the bone spur locate in the middle of the split cord where there are much space to accommodate it. For congenital scoliosis with type II SCM, if there are no progressive neurological manifestations, the split cord in the single tubular can tolerate the manipulation of spinal correction as the normal spinal cord.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Myelography ; Retrospective Studies ; Scoliosis ; congenital ; surgery ; Spinal Dysraphism ; complications ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDThe University of Wisconsin colloid based preserving solution (UW solution) is the most efficient preserving solution for multiorgan transplantation. Unfortunately, unavailability of delayed organ preserving solutions hindered further progression of cardinal organ transplantation in China. In this study, we validated an organ preserving Changzheng Organ Preserving Solution (CZ-1 solution) and compared it with UW solution.

METHODSA series of studies were conducted on how and how long CZ-1 solution could preserve the kidneys, livers, hearts, lungs and pancreas of New Zealand rabbits and SD rats. Morphology of transplanted organs was studied by visible microscopy and electron microscopy; biochemical and physiological functions and the survival rate of the organs during prolonged cold storage were studied.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference between CZ-1 and UW solutions in preserving the kidneys, livers, hearts or lungs of rabbits; kidneys, livers, intestinal mucosa or pancreases of SD rats or five deceased donors' testicles. In some aspects, such as preserving rabbits' hearts, rats' intestinal mucosa and pancreases, the effect of CZ-1 solution was superior to UW solution. CZ-1 could safely preserve kidneys for 72 hours, livers for 24 hours, hearts for 18 hours and lungs for 8 hours for SD rats. Twelve kidneys preserved in cold CZ-1 solution for 22 - 31 hours were transplanted successfully and the mean renal function recovery time was (3.83 +/- 1.68) days.

CONCLUSIONSCZ-1 solution is as effective as UW solution for organ preservation. The development of CZ-1 solution not only reduces costs and improves preservation of organs, but also promotes future development of organ transplantation in China.

Adenosine ; pharmacology ; Allopurinol ; pharmacology ; Animals ; China ; Glutathione ; pharmacology ; Heart ; drug effects ; physiology ; Heart Transplantation ; methods ; Insulin ; pharmacology ; Intestine, Small ; drug effects ; physiology ; Kidney ; drug effects ; physiology ; Kidney Transplantation ; methods ; Liver ; drug effects ; physiology ; Liver Transplantation ; methods ; Lung ; drug effects ; physiology ; Lung Transplantation ; methods ; Male ; Organ Preservation ; economics ; methods ; Organ Preservation Solutions ; pharmacology ; Pancreas ; drug effects ; physiology ; Pancreas Transplantation ; methods ; Pharmaceutical Solutions ; pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Raffinose ; pharmacology ; Testis ; drug effects ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo elucidate the characteristics of variation and the genetic evolution of non-structural protein (NS1, NS2) genes related to avian influenza subtype H5N1 viruses isolated from the boundary region of Yunnan province.

METHODSSwab samples were collected from foreign poultry and wild birds in the boundary regions of Yunnan province and screened by H5/N1 subtype-specific multiplex RT-PCR. The NS segment of H5N1 virus from the positive samples were amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into pMD18-T vectors for sequencing. The alignment and phylogenetic analysis on those available NS1, NS2 genes were performed with sequences of the known reference strains.

RESULTS71 positive samples were identified from 1240 samples, with the positive rate as 5.72%. Fourteen different NS segment sequences were obtained from 30 representative positive samples and could be divided into 3 distinct clades or sub-clades (I-1, I-2 and II), by phylogenetic analysis. The NS1/NS2 genes and Hemagglutinin (HA) genes of H5N1 viruses from the boundary regions of Yunnan province showed different relationships regarding the characteristics on genetic evolution. The substitution or mutation of key amino acids sites had been noticed in the nuclear location signal domains, effect domain, and other pathogenicity markers.

CONCLUSIONNS genes of H5N1 subtype viruses in boundary region of Yunnan province showed genetic divergence and the virus of clade I-2 and II had become dominant epidemic strains in this region since 2010.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Birds ; virology ; China ; epidemiology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genome, Viral ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza in Birds ; epidemiology ; virology ; Phylogeny