BACKGROUND:With the development of industry and agriculture, organotin compounds have been widely used in China. Organotin compounds cause a common occupational poisoning. The toxicity of organotin was reported in animal studies; however the reports about human organotin intoxication are very rare. In this study we retrospectively analyzed the clinical manifestations of 15 organotin-poisoned patients who had been treated at our hospital from 2002 through 2007. METHODS:Fifteen patients with organotin poisoning were admitted to Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine from 2002 to 2007. They were 9 males and 6 females, aged from 25 to 52 years. Clinical manifestations and Glasgow Coma Scales showed that the poisoning was mild in 4 patients, moderate in 6 and severe in 5. The severe patients were given glucocorticoid after hospitalization by intravenous guttae of 500 mg methylprednisolone for the first day, followed by 160 mg methylprednisolone per day for three days, and then 80 mg methylprednisolone per day for another three days. Potassium glutamate and sodium glutamate were intravenously dripped to reduce blood ammonia; intravenous guttae plus oral administration of potassium 9 g/day was used to correct intractable hypokalemia; sodium bicarbonate was used to correct metabolic acidosis, and sedatives were used to control spasm and twitch; mechanical ventilators were used in 4 patients with dyspnea. RESULTS:Most of the patients showed elevated level of blood ammonia, decreased level of blood potassium and metabolic acidosis, but some had demyelination changes shown by CT and MRI. Treatments included correction of metabolic acids, blood potassium and ammonia, and mechanical ventilation when necessary. For patients with injuries of the nervous system, glucocorticoids were given immediately after hospitalization. These patients showed intractable hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis during the treatment. Forteen patients recovered completely without long-term side-effect. One patient in the aphasiac stage restored the linguistic capacity during a 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS:Elevated level of blood ammonia, decresed level of blood potassium, and metabolic acidosis are common in patients with organotin poisoning. Demyelination can be observed in patients with severe poisoning. The abnormalities of the patients are reversible after suitable treatments.

Objective To study the clinical application of proportional assisted ventilation (PAV) in the treatment of neonatal respiratory failure.Method From March 2011 to October 2013,a retrospective study was conducted on newborns receiving ventilation therapy for respiratory failure.The newborns were assigned into PAV group and synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) group.Arterial blood pH 、partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2)、partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and oxygenation index (OI) were compared at the time before ventilation and 2 h,6 h,12 h,24 h after ventilation.The frequency of sedative usage and average time of ventilation between the two groups were compared.Result A total of 30 cases were enrolled in the PAV group and the SIMV group respectively.Before ventilation,no statically significant differences existed on blood pH[(7.13 ± 0.12)、(7.14 ±0.11)],PaO2[(41.1 ±8.9),(40.8±8.8) mmHg],PaCO2[(76.4±12.6),(73.2±13.5) mmHg]and OI between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).2 h after ventilation,the blood pH [(7.25 ± 0.17)、(7.23 ± 0.15)],PaO2 [(51.0 ± 5.6)、(48.6 ± 5.3) mmHg] and OI were significantly improved,while PaCO2 [(66.3 ± 8.7)、(64.0 ± 7.5) mmHg] decreased.Comparing with data before ventilation,those parameters were statistically improved at each time point after ventilation (P ＜ 0.01).But no statistically differences existed between the two groups at the same time (P ＞ 0.05).Sedatives were used (2.3 ± 1.2)times/case in PAV group and (3.9 ± 2.2) in SIMV group,with statistically differences between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Average duration of ventilation were (5.1 ± 1.9) d in PAV group and (5.4 ± 2.1) d in SIMV group,with no statistically differences between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion PAV is very effective in treating the neonatal respiratory failure and worth spreading.

Maintaining genetic diversity is a major issue in conservation biology. In this study, we demonstrate the differences of genetic diversity levels between wild and captive individuals of Elliot's Pheasant Syrmaticus ellioti. Wild individuals showed a higher genetic diversity level than that of the captive individuals. Nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity of wild individuals were 0.00628 and 0.993, while those of captive individuals were 0.00150 and 0.584 respectively. Only 3 haplotypes of mtDNA control region sequence were identified among 36 captive individuals, while 16 unique haplotypes were identified among the 17wild individuals in this study. One captive haplotype was shared by a wild individual from Anhui Province. It is concluded that a low number of founders was the likely reason for the lower level genetic diversity of the captive group. Careful genetic management is suggested for captive populations, particularly of such an endangered species, to maintain genetic variability levels.

Objective To observe the inhibitory effect of pyridoxine hydrochloride (PN) combined with common chemotherapeutics on mice hepatoma cells H22 in vitro. Methods MTT assay was used to determine the effects of PN in combination with 10 different antineoplastic agents on H22 cells, and immuno-histochemistry was used to observe the distribution of PN in H22 cells and morphologic changes of the cells before and after PN treatment. Results After 24 hours incubation with 5 mmol/L PN, the treated cells expanded apparently with nucleus chipping. PN entered the tumor cell and was mainly condensed in cytoplasma and H22 cells were sensitive to PN. When administered concomitantly with chemotherapic agents, most of the combinations showed antagonistic effects while a few of the combinations were additive. For instance, doxorubicin (ADM) used in combination with PN inhibited cell proliferation with an IR value (IR=0.63) much lower than ADM alone (IR=0.71, P<0.01), and the CI value was less than 0.9, which indicated an antagonistic effect. However, PN in combination with ifosfamide (ICTX) showed additive effect (CI>0.9), and the IR value (IR=0.60) in combined group was higher than that (IR=0.40) in ICTX group (P<0.05). Conclusion PN treatment could increase the intracellular PLP level and result in growth inhibition and cell death, and combined administration of PN and ICTX might be a potential method to improve efficacy and to reduce toxic effects while a co-administration of PN and ADM should be avoided.

OBJECTIVETo study the distribution and antibiotic resistance of the isolated pathogens from children with infectious diarrhea in Guangzhou.

METHODSThe fecal samples of 2 409 children with infectious diarrhea between January 2006 and December 2007 were collected and cultured. Pathogenic bacterium were isolated and identified by biochemical and serological methods. The antibiotic susceptibilities were tested by the Kirby-Bauer method.

RESULTSA total of 448 isolates of pathogenic bacterium (18.6%) were obtained, including Shigella (n=159), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (n=141), Salmonella (n=76), Vibrion (n=11), fungus (n=41), and C jejuni (n=20). All of isolates of the three major pathogenic bacterium, Shigella, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella, were susceptible to imipenem and less than 10% of the isolates were resistant to the third generation cephalosporins and beta-lactamase inhibitors. However, the isolates showed a high resistance to ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (>75%).

CONCLUSIONSShigella, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella were major pathogenic bacterium of diarrhea in children from Guangzhou. The major isolates were susceptible to imipenem, the third generation cephalosporins and beta -lactamase inhibitors, but were resistant to ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim.

Adolescent ; Bacteria ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diarrhea ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Female ; Fungi ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infant ; Male

Adolescent ; Adult ; Alprostadil ; pharmacology ; Anticoagulants ; pharmacology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dextrans ; pharmacology ; Female ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; pharmacology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Heparin ; pharmacology ; Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease ; etiology ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Treatment Outcome

A dispute about the decreasing-price problem of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has recently arisen. This article analyzes the statistical data of 1995-2011 in China, the results showed that the main responsibility of expensive health care has no direct relationship with the drug price. The price index of TCM rose significantly slower than the medicine prices, the production margins of TCM affected by the material prices has been diminishing since 1995, continuous price reduction will further depress profits of the TCM industry. Considering the pros and cons of raw materials vary greatly in price, decreasing medicine price behavior will force enterprises to use inferior materials in order to maintain corporate profits. The results have the guiding meaning to medicine price management.
Commerce ; economics ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Health Care Sector ; economics ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics

Objective To develop and test a stressor scale for in-patients with spinal cord injury (SSIPSCI). Methods Based on in-depth interviews and the second-level International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) categories, a 39-item SSIPSCI was generated and pilot tested. It was then used with 284 inpatients with spinal cord injury. Principal components factor analysis and correlation analysis were performed.Results The exploratory components factor analysis revealed 7 significant stress factors: social activity, economy security, individual activity, relationship with others, physical disorders, bowel and bladder problems and medical fees. Internal consistency was high, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0. 950 overall and 0. 741 ～ 0. 920 for the individual factors. Test-retest reliability was 0.848. The correlation between SSIPSCI scores and Beck depression inventory (BDI) scores was strong ( r = 0. 665 ). Conclusions The reliability and validity of the SSIPSCI are both satisfactory enough to meet psychometric requirements.

Phaffia rhodozyma is a good strain for astaxanthin production. An over-producing mutant YB-20-29 was obtained by means of Cs137-?ray and N-methy1-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidin (NTG) treatment. The biomass for this strain by shake culture was 36.32 g/L, the pigment content was 1216.0 ?g/g, an increase of 308% compare to o-riginal strain. The astaxanthin content in broth was 30.9?g /mL. It was a potential strain for astaxanthin over-production.

?AIM: To retrospectively analyze the surgical strategies and outcome of traumatic lens dislocation.?METHODS: Retrospective study. Clinical data of 105 cases ( 105 eyes ) diagnosed with traumatic lens dislocation from April to June 2014 in our hospital were recruited. According to position of dislocated lens and complicated situations, different surgical approaches were performed, including intracapsular lens extraction, phacoemulsification, vitrectomy through pars plana and lensectomy. Meanwhile, vitreo-retinal or anti-glaucoma surgeries were performed in complicated cases. Preoperative and postoperative LogMar ( Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution ) visual acuity were compared by paired t-test. Perioperative complications including expulsive choroidal hemorrhages and recurrent retinal detachment were recorded and assessed.?RESULTS: All 105 dislocated lenses were removed completely. Visual acuity of 91 eyes ( 86. 7%) were significantly improved postoperatively. The visual acuity of most patients was 0. 1-0. 3 ( 42 eyes, 40. 0%) and 1 patient’s visual acuity with lens subluxation reached more than 0. 8 postoperatively. Expulsive choroidal hemorrhages occurred in 1 eye intraoperatively and 1 eye postoperatively. Recurrent retinal detachment was observed in 2 eyes postoperatively.? CONCLUSION: According to position of the lens dislocation, personalized surgery strategy is critical for therapy of traumatic lens dislocation. Expulsive choroidal hemorrhage is one of most several complications and should be managed properly.