Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of salvianolic acid B on bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis induced by cigarette smoke extract.Methods Human bronchial epithelial cells 16HBE were divided into control group,model group(induced by cigarette smoke extract),experimental low-dose group(induced by cigarette smoke extract+11 μmol·L-1 salvianolic acid B treatment),and experimental medium-dose group(cigarette smoke extract Induction+22 μmol·L-1 salvianolic acid B treatment),experimental high-dose group(cigarette smoke extract induction+44 μmol·L-1 salvianolic acid B treatment),experimental high-dose+Compound C group(cigarette smoke extract induction+44 μmol·L-1 Salvianolic acid B+AMPK signaling pathway inhibitor Compound C treatment).Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay was used to detect proliferation;Western blot was used to detect the phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate activates protein kinase(p-AMPK),CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein C/EBP(CHOP),activating transcription factor 4(ATF4)protein expression;PI single staining was used to detect cell cycle;Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining was used to detect apoptosis,and spectrophotometry was used to detect caspase-3 activity.Results The cell proliferation activity(OD value)in the bronchial epithelial cells of the control group,model group,experimental low-dose group,experimental medium-dose group,experimental high-dose group,and experimental high-dose+Compound C group were 0.86±0.07,0.38±0.03,0.45±0.03,0.54±0.04,0.68±0.03 and 0.42±0.04;the expression levels of p-AMPK/AMPK protein were 0.41±0.03,0.13±0.03,0.20±0.02,0.28±0.04,0.36±0.04 and 0.22±0.02;G0/G1 phase were(54.40±5.84)％,(82.93±4.50)％,(75.45±4.73)％,(67.41±2.70)％,(59.15±3.73)％and(69.80±6.59)％;apoptosis rate were(3.21±0.49)％,(24.90±3.35)％,(20.56±1.73)％,(13.55±1.68)％,(9.20±1.07)％and(18.04±1.79)％.Compared experimental low-dose group,experimental medium-dose group,experimental high-dose group with model group,the difference of above indicators were all statistically significant(all P＜0.05);compared the experimental high-dose+Compound C group with the experimental high-dose group,the difference of above indicators were all statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Salvianolic acid B affects endoplasmic reticulum stress by activating AMPK signaling to reduce bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis induced by cigarette smoke extract.

OBJECTIVETo observe the exercise single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging of patients with myocardial bridge and assess the association between myocardial ischemia and extent of myocardial systolic compression.

METHODSSeventeen patients with myocardial bridge diagnosed by coronary angiogram were included and underwent exercise SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging.

RESULTSAbnormal SPECT perfusion imaging was evidenced in 12 out of 17 patients with myocardial bridge (2 out of 6 patients with systolic compression induced stenosis < 50%, 3 out of 4 patients with systolic compression induced stenosis between 50% - 75% and 7 out of 7 patients with the systolic compression induced stenosis between 75% - 100%).

CONCLUSIONExercise stress SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging could detect myocardial ischemia in patients with myocardial bridge and abnormal perfusion is positively related to the extent of systolic compression induced stenosis.

Adult ; Aged ; Coronary Angiography ; Exercise Test ; Female ; Heart ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Bridging ; diagnostic imaging ; Myocardium ; Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; methods

BACKGROUNDCoronary artery disease (CAD) is generally considered as a disease of middle-aged men. It is widely accepted that the risk for CAD of premenopausal women is low because of hormone protection. Based on our clinical experience, more and more premenopausal women suffer from angina and myocardial infarction without adequate concern. Even now, there are still limited detailed data to describe the characteristics, mechanism and prognosis of premenopausal CAD patients. This article aimed to analyze the clinical and angiographic characteristics of premenopausal women with CAD.

METHODSA total of 565 premenopausal women and 721 postmenopausal women (56 - 60 years old) who underwent coronary angiography for the first time from April 2004 to December 2007 were enrolled. The clinical data and coronary angiographic characteristics (presence, localization, length and severity) were compared between the premenopausal and postmenopausal CAD groups.

RESULTSPremenopausal CAD patients presented less frequently with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia compared with postmenopausal CAD patients (55.0% vs 66.0%, 15.0% vs 31.5%, 23.9% vs 37.4%, respectively; all P < 0.05). Although we found more frequent involvement of single vessel in premenopausal CAD (43.2% vs 26.9%, P = 0), and triple vessels in postmenopausal (56 - 60 years old) CAD patients (33.8% vs 20.4%, P = 0), much more severe lesions (> or = 90%) at left main (2.9% vs 1.1%, P = 0.048) and proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD) (28.2% vs 16.6%, P = 0) in the premenopausal CAD group were found.

CONCLUSIONPremenopausal women with chest discomfort are always found to have obvious atherosclerosis, more inclined to be located at the left main and proximal LAD, which is a strong predictor of an adverse clinical outcome.

Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Diabetes Mellitus ; pathology ; Dyslipidemias ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Postmenopause ; Premenopause