OBJECTIVETo determine the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase--protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) signaling pathway in the pro- tective effect of aerobic endurance training on the skeletal muscular mitochondria.

METHODSThirty-six rats were randomly divided into three groups( n = 12): control group, aerobic endurance training group and one-time exhaustive group. After the intervention, the quadriceps femoris muscle sample was obtained to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential( MMP), the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and cy- tochrome coxidase (COX), and the protein levels of p-PI3K and p-Akt.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential, the activities of succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome coxidase, and the protein levels of p-PI3K and p-Akt were all significantly decreased in the one-time exhaustive group (P < 0.05). However, all the above was partially reversed in the endurance training group (P < 0.05), and there was no obvious difference with the control group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAerobic endurance training plays an important role in the protective effect on the skeletal muscular mitochondria, the mechanism may be related to activation PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.

Animals ; Electron Transport Complex IV ; metabolism ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; Mitochondria ; physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal ; physiology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; metabolism ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Succinate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism

Objective To observe the clinical features of migraine based on out-patient clinic data and provide help for the diagnosis and treatment of migraine. Methods In a retrospective study of 309 patients with migraine, we investigated the clinical characteristics of migraine of both genders and different types, and the risk factors for MOH transformed from migraine. Results The female to male ratio was about 3:1,76.1% of the patients had triggering factors. The most common characteristics of headache were moderate to severe intensity of the pain (97.7%), aggravation by routine physical activity (75.1%), and association with nausea (90.9%) and/or vomiting (70.6%). There were significant differences in some clinical characteristics of migraine in females as compared with these in males and in patients with migraine without aura (MWOA) as compared with those with aura (MWA). The risk factors for MOH transformed from migraine were elder age of onset, high attack frequency and the analgesics frequently used (P < 0.05).Conclusion It is suggested that carefully collecting the characteristics of headache, triggering factors and therapeutic history is the foundation of correct diagnosis and effective treatment for migraine.

Objective To explore the effects of flunarizine hydrochloride on plasma calcitonin gene-related pep-tide and substance P levels after CSD in a rat migraine model of cortical spreading depression (CSD). Methods Thirty adult rats were randomly and evenly divided into three groups:control Group, CSD group and flunarizine group. The CSD waves were evoked by application of potassium chloride on brain surface with filter paper. Funarizine hydrochloride was intravenously administered to rats five minutes prior to application of potassium chloride. The plasma levels of CGRP and SP were measured by using radioimmunity assay. Statistical analyses were performed using two-sample t test and analy-sis of variance. Results CSD waves were absent in control group whereas CSD waves were induced in CSD and flunari-zine groups. The latency of the first CSD wave was longer in flunarizine group (167.90 ± 25.18 s) than in CSD group (130.90 ± 13.30 s) (P<0.01). The number of CSD waves was smaller in flunarizine group (4.50 ± 1.84) than in CSD group (8.50 ± 2.07) (P<0.01). The amplitude of CSD waves was lower in flunarizine group (11.40 ± 4.12 mv) than in CSD group (24.40±3.57 mv) (P<0.01). The levels of CGRP and SP in both CSD group (CGRP, 32.95±11.61 pg/mL;SP, 27.80±7.51 pg/mL) and flunarizine group (CGRP, 25.13 ± 5.67 pg/mL; SP, 19.45 ± 6.10 pg/mL) were higher than in control group (CGRP, 14.44 ± 6.39 pg/mL; SP, 12.36 ± 4.22 pg/mL) (P<0.01). The levels of CGRP and SP in flunarizine group (CGRP, 25.13±5.67 pg/mL;SP, 19.45±6.10 pg/mL) were lower than those in CSD group (CGRP, 32.95±11.61 pg/mL;SP, 27.80± 7.51 pg/mL) (P<0.05). Conclusions Flunarizine hydrochloride can inhibit CSD and reduce the plama levels of CGRP and SP in the rat model of CSD.

The objective of the study was to prepare and evaluate the quality of curcumin-piperinedual drug loaded self-microemulsifying drug delivery system(Cur-PIP-SMEDDS). Simplex lattice design was constructed using optimal oil phase, surfactant and co-surfactant concentration as independent variables, and the curcumin and piperine were used as model drugs to optimize Cur-PIP-SMEDDS formulation. In the present study, the drug loadings of curcumin and piperine, mean particle size of Cur-PIP-SMEDDS were made as indicators, and the experiment design, model building and response surface analysis were established using Design Expert 8. 06 software to optimize and verify the composition of SMEDDS formulation. The quality of Cur-PIP-SMEDDS was evaluated by observing the appearance status, transmission electron microscope micrographs and determining particle diameter, electric potential, drug entrapment efficiency and drug loading of it. As a result, the optimal formulation of SMEDDS was CapryoL 90-Cremophor RH40-TranscutoL HP (10:60:30). The appearance of Cur-PIP-SMEDDS remained clarified and transparent, and the microemulsion droplets appeared spherical without aggregation with uniform particle size distribution. The mean size of microemulsion droplet formed from Cur-PIP-SMEDDS was 15.33 nm, the drug loading of SMEDDS for Cur and PIP were 40.90 mg · g(-1) and 0.97 mg · g(-1), respectively, the drug entrapment efficiency were 94.98% and 90.96%, respectively. The results show that Cur-PIP-SMEDDS can increase the solubility and stability of curcumin significantly, in the expectation of enhancing the bioavailability of it. Taken together, these findings can provide the reference to a preferable choice of the Cur formulation and contribute to therapeutic application in clinical research.
Alkaloids ; chemistry ; Benzodioxoles ; chemistry ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Curcumin ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Emulsions ; chemistry ; Methylmethacrylates ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Piperidines ; chemistry ; Polystyrenes ; chemistry ; Polyunsaturated Alkamides ; chemistry

This study aimed at evaluating the quality of the precise powder decoction pieces (PPDP) of L.japonicae Flos (LJF) compared with the traditional commercial slices with chemical fingerprint methods and DNA molecular identification technology.Different specifications of PPDP were prepared,their dry extract contents were in contrast with that of commercial slices.The three batches of commercial slices were collected,and the content uniformity,fingerprint and similarity evaluation before and after the mixing and pulverization were studied by HPLC-DAD and DNA sequence alignment.As a result,the paste rate of PPDP was slightly higher than that of the traditional commercial slices.The dissolution of chlorogenic acid of PPDP was higher than that of the traditional commercial slices.RSD of inter-assay dissolutions of chlorogenic acid of commercial slices was 11.93％,which was reduced to 8.29％ after mixing and preparing into PPDP.The fingerprint showed that the slimilarity of the fringerprint of the mixed and powdered LJF was elevated with 7 common peaks.All the common peaks were increased at different levels.In conclusion,compared with traditional commercial slices of LJF,PPDP apparently improved the dissolution rate and the quality uniformity,indicating that the boiled powder of CRP obviously presented vantages in clinic.

Objective To understand the status quo of dyslipidemia among urban and rural residents in Ganzhou City.Methods The multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted to select the urban and rural residents aged more than 35 years old as the respondents,among them 4 829 respondents had the intact data,the investigation items included age,sex,height,body mass,waist circumference(WC),FBG,Scr,blood pressure,TC,TG,HDL and LDL.The body mass index was calculated.Results The prevalence rates of hypercholesterolemia,high TG and low HDL among the urban and rural residents in Ganzhou City were 8.76 ％,16.38％ and 24.04％ respectively.Compared with the persons of normal blood lipid,FBG,Ser,WC and BMI in the persons of high blood lipid were much higher (P＜0.05).Conclsion The blood lipid abnormality in the urban and rural residents in Ganzhou City is dominated by low HDL and high TG.

Objective To compare the results of mitral valve reconstruction and replacement as treatments for moderate to severe ischemic mitral regurgitation(IMR), and report the mid-term outcome. Methods From June 2002 to May 2008, 83 pa-tients with moderate IMR(35 cases) and severe IMR (48 cases) underwent coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) combined with mitral valvuloplasty (MVP) (n = 43) or mitral valve replacement (MVR) (n = 40). There were 49 males and 34 females with a mean age of (59.3±7.5) years(51 -77years). The procedures of MVP included annuloplasty with a Dacron or autologous per-icardium ring in 21cases, commissural annuloplasty in 9, quadrangular resection of the posterior leaflet in 9 and using St. Jude mitral annuloplasty ring in 4. In the cases underwent MVR, 28 patients received mechanical prostheses and 12 received biopros-theses. Results 30-day mortality rate was 2.3% for MVP and 5.0% for MVR (P >0.05). The 30-day complication rate was similar for the 2 groups but mechanical ventilation time was longer for MVR patients. Mild MR ocurred in 6 patients with MVP (P <0.05). Sevonty-six patients were followed by outpatient department visit or telephone for (20.2 ± 4.9) months (3 - 60 months). During the follow-up period, 7 patients with MVP had mild insufficiency but free off etber complications. All the valve prothesis functioned well. However, 3 cases had thromboembolic complications and 7 late deaths were recorded in MVR group. Five-year complication-free survival rate was 90% for MVP group and 61% for MVR. Conclusion MVP resulted in excellent durability and provided significant mid-term survival benefit over MVR. MVP should be the first choice for patients with chronic IMR.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of post-transplantation diabetes mellitus and analyze its risk factors. Methods Extensive survey was carried out to understand the characteristics of post-transplantation diabetes mellitus in patients who received kidney grafting from February 1984 to December 2006. Results Three hundred forty-four post-transplantatian diabetes mellitus patients from 1872 ones after kidney grafting were found from February 1984 to December 2006. The prevalence of new onset post-transplant diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose in kidney allograft recipients were 18. 4% and 12. 7% respectively, being significantly higher than that in general population and other inpatients. The options of immunosuppressants were significantly associated with the prevalence of post-transplantation diabetes mellitus. By multivariate logistic regression analysis, the baseline characteristics of the post transplantation diabetes mellitus patients were significantly associated with increased age(OR: 1. 309, P = 0. 049), elevated level of the triglyceride (OR: 1. 311, P = 0. 005), treatment with taerolimus (FK506) (OR: 1. 522, P = 0. 008), and large dose of intravenous pulsed prednisolane(OR: 1. 239, P = 0. 011), as compared with patients without post-transplantation diabetes mellitus. Besides, the number of patients with at least one acute rejection episode was significantly greater in the post-transplantation diabetic patients. Mycophenolate mofetil (OR: 0. 716, P = 0. 028) and diltiazem (OR: 0. 737, P =0. 015) were associated with lower risk of post-transplantation diabetes mellitus. Conclusions High prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism in renal allograft recipients during hospitalization was observed. Many risk factors contributed to the development of post transplantation diabetes mellitus.

Cystectomy ; Female ; Humans ; Intrauterine Devices

OBJECTIVEBy quantitative detection of telomerase expression, we investigated the relationship between telomerase expression and malignant behavior and prognosis in gastric carcinoma.

METHODSA real-time quantitative RT-PCR (RQ-PCR) was used to quantify the hTERT mRNA copy numbers in 89 samples of gastric carcinoma and corresponding non-cancerous tissues. The clinicopathological data of enrolled patients such as age, sex, tumor size, tumor site, pathologic type, histodifferentiation, infiltration depth, lymph node metastasis, stage and survival were obtained, and were made one factor analysis of variance and COX regression prognostic analysis with those above mentioned markers. Follow-up was completed as of February 28, 2010. The median follow-up was 24 months.

RESULTShTERT from gastric carcinomas and corresponding non-cancerous tissues was 16.98 ± 3.56 and 11.37 ± 2.15, respectively (P < 0.05), the telomerase activity in gastric cancer was significantly higher than that in non-cancerous tissue (P < 0.05). Telomerase activity showed a positive correlation with depth of invasion, tumor differentiation and nodal metastasis (P < 0.01), and negative correlation with survival.

CONCLUSIONSGastric cancer with high hTERT mRNA expression indicates a more malignant potential. Detection of hTERT mRNA in gastric cancer may be useful in a better understanding of invasion, metastasis, as well as prognosis of gastric cancer and provide a more efficient therapy. The quantitative expression of hTERT mRNA, infiltration depth and pTNM stage are significant afactors affecting the prognosis of patients with gastric carcinoma.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Grading ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Telomerase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Young Adult