Objective To investigate the species and distribution of Mussaenda L. in Guangxi, and provide basis for protecting, developing and utilizing the local plant resources. Methods By field survey, specimens collection and identification and literatures consultion, Mussaenda L. in Guangxi was investigated. Results Mussaenda L. in Guangxi contains 8 species, and the majority of them are Mussaenda pubescens Ait.f and Mussaenda eros Champ. Conclusion The investigation results provide some basis for protection, development and utilization of the resources of Mussaenda L. in Guangxi.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and plan quality of the image-guided volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) based voluntary deep exhale breath-holding technique in the stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) for liver tumors.Methods Fifteen patients with liver tumors were involved in this study.All patients were immobilized with voluntary deep exhale breath hold (vDEBH) combined with real-time position management (RPM) respiratory gating system.Treatment was planned using VMAT with 2 modified partial arc and re-planned using intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) technique for comparison.Dosimetric parameters were calculated for plan quality assessment.Quality assurance studies included absolute dose and multiple planar dose verifications,total monitor units and delivery time analysis.Daily cone beam computed tomography imaging was used to verify the motions.Results There were no significant dosimetric differences between VMAT and conventional IMRT plans (P ＞0.05).Both techniques were able to minimize doses to organs at risk including normal liver,kidneys,spinal cord,and stomach.However,the average monitor units with VMAT were significantly lower 28.1％ than those with IMRT(t =3.064,P ＜0.05).The average beam-on time in VMAT plans was 31.6％ shorter than that in IMRT plans(t =2.278,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The utilization of VMAT in the treatment planning of SABR for liver tumors under breath control mode has better dosimetrics.In comparison to conventional IMRT plans,VMAT plans have higher efficiency and feasibility.

Objective To evaluate the effect of different types of tube feeding on swallowing function of stroke patients. Methods 60 patients with dysphagia post stroke were divided into observation group and control group with 30 cases in each group. The control group received indwelling nasogastric tube feeding, and the observation group received intermittent nasogastric tube feeding. They were assessed with Kubota Water Swallow Test (WST) and VGF on the 1st day and 30th day after admission. Results The scores of drinking test and VGF were better in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05) on the 30th day. Conclusion Long-term nasogatric tube feeding is effective on dysphagia in stroke patients.

Objective To explore the association of expression of transporter associated with antigen processing(TAP1),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)with occurrence and development of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods The expression of TAP1 and TNF-α in 35 liver carcinoma tissues,and 10 normal liver tissues were detected with immunohistochemical EnVision method,The expression and clinical significance of TAP1,TNF-α in HBV-related HCC were analyzed.Furthermore,the association of respective expression quantity with pathological typing of HCC was analyzed.Results The expression of TAP1,TNF-α was negative in hepatocytes of normal liver tissues.91.4％ of HCC tissues expressed TAP1.There was significantly statistical difference in expression of TAP1 between HCC tissues and the normal hepatic tissues(P ＜ 0.05);60％ of HCC tissues expressed TNF-α.There was statistical difference in expression of TNF-α between HCC and the normal hepatic tissues(P ＜ 0.05),and the positive expression rate of TNF-α in well-differenciated HCC tissues was significantly higher than that in poorly-differenciated ones(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion TAP1-related MHC-Ⅰ restricted antigen processing pathway was possibly normal in HBV-related HCC.The expression quantity of TNF-α was associated with the occurrence and degree of pathological differentiation of HBV-related HCC.

AIM:To investigate the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β( PPARβ)-nitric oxide (NO) signal pathway in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by high glucose (25.5 mmol/L) and insulin (0.1 μmol/L) ( HGI) .METHODS: The cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was characterized in rat primary cardiomyocytes by measuring the cell surface area, protein content, and the mRNA expression of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF).The mRNA and protein ex-pression were measured by real-time PCR and Western blotting , respectively .The activity of NO synthase ( NOS) and NO content were measured by a reagent kit through ultraviolet spectroscopy .RESULTS:HGI induced profound change of hy-pertrophic morphology , and significantly increased the cell surface area , protein content and mRNA expression of ANF (P<0.01), but decreased the expression of PPARβat mRNA and protein levels (P<0.05).At the same time, the ex-pression of inducible NOS (iNOS) was obviously elevated (P<0.01), which occurred in parallel with the rising NOS ac-tivity and NO concentration (P<0.01).GW0742 (1 μmol/L), a selective PPARβagonist, inhibited the cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by HGI ( P<0.01 ) , and up-regulated the expression of PPARβat both mRNA and protein levels . Meanwhile, GW0742 also inhibited the increases in iNOS expression , NOS activity, and NO content induced by HGI , which were abolished by GSK0660 (1 μmol/L), a selective PPARβantagonist (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: PPARβdown-regulation and the following iNOS-NO activation are involved in the cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by HGI .

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal ranibizumab injection combined with triamcinolone acetonide (TA) for macular edema secondary to type Ⅱ optic disc vasculitis.Methods Totally 19 cases(19 eyes) with macular edema secondary to type Ⅱ optic disc vasculitis from January 2013 to December 2015 were injected ranibizumab intravitreally and triamcinolone acetonide 2 weeks later.The visual acuity,intraocular pressure,ocular fundus,OCT,FFA and related complications were observed during the 6 months follow-up period.If the macuiar edema returns during the follow-up period,the eyes would be given ranibizumab and TA again until the macular edema subsided.Results The visual acuity was 0.16 ± 0.09 and the central retinal thickness was (694.88 ± 79.06) μm before treatment.Compared with pretreatment,the visual acuity of all cases were improved in different degree except for one at 1 month,3 months and 6 months (all P ＜ 0.05).Also central retinal thickness were decreased and macular edema were subsided,there were statistical differences (all P ＜0.05).Compared with results at 1 month,the visual acuity and central retinal thickness was no significant different at 3 months and 6 months (all P ＞ 0.05).The intraocular pressure of all cases were normal throughout the follow-up period but one was increased transitorily in the first day after intravitreal rauibizumab injection.FFA examination at 1 month showed retinal hemorrhage and effusion absorbed obviously,besides,the optic disc and macular fluorescein leakage reduced significantly.The macular edema of 1 eye returned at 3 months and subsided after giving ranibizumab and TA again.The average number of injected eyes was 2.11 times.No complications associated with intravitreal injection and drugs were observed during the follow-up period.Conclusion It is effective and safe that intravitreal ranibizumab junction combined with TA for macular edema secondary to type Ⅱ optic disc vasculitis,which not only shorten the period of treatment but also reduce the times of drug injection,surgical trauma and complications.

Objective Rho signaling component α-catulin,is a cytoskeletal linker protein and plays an important role in apoptotic and senescence resistance,cytoskeletal reorganization,mobility,invasion and epithelial to mesenchymal transition(EMt)of cancer cells. Methods Here,we ex-amined α-catulin expression in squamous epithelium,dysplasia and cancer of head and neck on tissue microarrays by immunostaining. Its expres-sion was compared with clinicopathological parameters and survival rate of cancers. Results It was found that α-catulin expression level was signifi-cantly higher in primary cancers than that in normal squamous epithelium and dysplasia(P < 0.05),but not significantly correlated with aggressive behaviors or adverse prognosis of HNSCC patients(P > 0.05). Cox′s proportional hazard model indicated that distant metastasis and tNM staging were independent prognostic factors for overall survival of the patients with head and neck squamous carcinoma(HNSCC,P < 0.05). Conclusion these findings suggested that up-regulated expression of α-catulin protein may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HNSCC,which might be employed as a potential marker for tumorgenesis of HNSCCs.

Fatty acids of Ralstonia solanacearum cultured under different temperatures, times, pH values and cultural media were detected by using gas chromatography (GC) method. Rs-J.1.4-010704-01v, a viru- lent strain of R. solanacearum isolated from ginger was chosen for the experiment. The results showed that the kind of fatty acid of Rs-J.1.4-010704-01v fluctuated from 14 to 33. The contents of its three plentiful fatty acids, C16:1?7c/C15:0 ISO 2OH, C16:0 and C18:1?7c (with retain times of 10.644, 10.950 and 14.177 min, respectively), also varied in a range of 55.66% to 75.69%. The diversification of the bacterium’s fatty acids at various cultural conditions was clustered into four groups by cluster analysis, according to the kinds and percentage contents of the fatty acids detected. The pathogenicities of Rs-J.1.4-010704-01v under 20?C and 25?C were deduced to be mid-virulent, with C16:0 less than C16:1?7c/C15:0 ISO 2OH. The bac- terium showed as a virulent strain under the other cultural conditions including 30?C~40?C, 24 h~96 h, pH 5~9 and four cultural media (LB、NA、TTC and TSB), with C16:0 more than C16:1?7c/C15:0 ISO 2OH.However, the difference between C16:0 and C16:1?7c/C15:0 ISO 2OH raised significantly from 2.35 to 13.23 under 40?C and 48 h~96 h. Meanwhile, the kind of fatty acid increased more than 30 as the cultural time increased. It was concluded that temperature and cultural time had more significant effects on the fatty acid composition of R. solanacearum than pH value and cultural medium.

To evaluate the status of diabetes-related knowledge and training requirement among general physicians,a questionnaire survey was conducted in 676 general physicians from 32 primary medical institutions and 5 secondary hospitals of Shanghai Pudong New Area.48.2% (261/541) of the surveyees had bachelor degree and most of them worked in secondary hospitals or primary medical institutions in affluent areas.The awareness rate of diabetic knowledge among the surveyeos was 51.6%,and there were significant differences in the awareness rate of diabetes-related knowledge between different levels of hospitals and physicians with different academic background.Only 26.6% of physicians received diabetes-related continuing education or training,there was a popular request for professional training from the surveyed physicians.

Objective :The study discussed the relationship between the cell differentiation and its func-tion differentiation of enamel organ durrng the development of enamel ,explained the meaning of shape andfunction of SA and RA in the mature enameloblasts. Methods:The rats were fixed with pouring hearts ,em-bed with Epon and GMA resin,made semi-thin slice ,stained with toluidine blue and histochemistry, thenwe observed the changes of histomorphology and the law of distribution of enamel. Results:The develop-memt of tooth germ of rat incisor could be divided into proliferation stage, difference stage and maturestage. Enameloblasts expressed special periodic changes in mature stage :SA legion and RA legion present-ed altermately. Histochemical study indicated that most of amelogenin stayed in enamel matrix and othersdiffused to dentin, dental tube and odontoblast layer. Conclusion: (1) The proliferation stage, differencestage and mature stage of tooth of development of enamel organ in rat were similar to the bud stage ,capstage and bell stage of human being. There was a relationship between the RA legion in mature enam-eloblast and mineral substance pouring into them. RA legion was presented because water and protein lost.)That amelogenin spread into dentin could promote the odontoblast differentiation and induce dentin calci-fication.