Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Public Health Practice

Aim To investigate the effects of panax nonstaining saponins ( PNS ) on the apoptosis of renal cells induced by cisplatin through the path of mitochon-drion . Methods Male Sprague-Dawley( SD) rats were randomized divided into normal control group, cisplatin model group and the cisplatin+PNS group,with 12 rats of each group. Animals were sacrificed to determine the N-acetyl-β-D-Glucosaminidase ( NAG ) in urine, blood urea nitrogen ( BUN) and serum creatinine ( Cr) concentrations after 8d of intraperitoneal injection. HE-staining was employed to observe renal pathologies. Transmission electron microscopy ( TEM ) was em-ployed to observe the mitochondria of the rats′ injured kidney region. TUNEL staining was employed to detect the distribution of apoptotic cells. Immunnohistochem-istry was used to detect Bax and caspase-9 expression, and expression of Bcl-2 protein was detected by West-ern blot. Results Compared with the normal control group, contents of BUN, serum Cr and urinary NAG levels of rat in the cisplatin model group were increased ( P <0. 01 ) , and some mitochondria of the epithelial cells of renal tubules got injured seriously. The apopto-sis rate of kidney cell was increased ( P<0. 01 ) . The expression of Bax,caspase-9 and Bcl-2 proteins was in-creased ( P < 0. 01 ) . Compared with the cisplatin model group, contents of BUN, serum Cr and urinary NAG levels of rats in the cisplatin model group were decreased ( P <0. 01 ) , and some mitochondria of the epithelial cells of renal tubules were significantly im-proved. The apoptosis rate of kidney cell was decreased ( P<0. 01 ) . The expression of Bax and caspase-9 pro-tein was decreased (P<0. 01),but Bcl-2 protein was increased ( P < 0. 01 ) . Conclusion PNS may in-crease the expression of Bcl-2 protein and decrease the expression of Bax and caspase-9 proteins, which may play a protective role in cisplatin nephritic damage.

Aim To investigate the anti-inflammatory molecular mechanism of chlorogenic acid extracted from Lonicera confusa DC in vitro.Methods PM? of a rat was segregated.MTT assay was used to detect the effects of the chlorogenic acid on PM? cells growth activities. PM? was stimulated with LPS for a prolonged period,ELISA was used to detect the level of TNF-?,IL-6 and PGE2 in the supernatant;COX-2 activity was determined by the level of PGE2 in the supernatant.After stimulating PM? with A23187 for a short time,the 6-keto-PGF1? level in the supernatant was measured by radioimmunoassay to express COX-1 activity.Results Chlorogenic acid had no inhibitive effects between 31.25 mg?L-1 and 1000 mg?L-1.The level of TNF-?,IL-6 and PGE2 in drug groups was lower than that of LPS-induced group,and the difference was significant,in a dose-dependent manner.The concentration of 50 mg?L-1 group was ineffective in the expression of TNF-?.Low concentration chlorogenic acid inhibited the expression of 6-keto-PGF1?,while high-concentration induced it.Conclusions The anti-inflammatory effect of chlorogenic acid may be related to inhibiting TNF-?,IL-6 activity and affecting exogenous AA metabolism.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of incipient neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Methods The clinical data of admitted neonates with hyperbilirubinemia were retrospectively analyzed from June 2012 to May 2013. Results Two hundred and eight-four neonates with hyperbilirubinemia were enrolled and the ratio of male:female was 1.51:1. For the causes of hyperbilirubinemia, the incidences of ABO hemolytic and sepsis were higher in term infants than those in preterm infants, and the incidences of pneumonia, necrotizing enterocolitis and intracranial hemorrhage were higher in preterm infants than those in term infants (P<0.05). Compared with the preterm infants, the term infants had jaundice appearance and peak at earlier time, shorter duration of jaundice, faster decline rate of jaundice, higher levels of albumin and indirect bilirubin at the peak of jaundice (P<0.01). In the term infants, the time of jaundice appearance and peak were earlier in hemolytic group than those in non-hemolytic group (P<0.05). In preterm infants, the peak of transcutaneous bilirubin was higher in hemolytic group than that in non-hemolytic group (P<0.05). Six cases with bilirubin encephalopathy had abnormalities cranial MRI imaging, and the MRI was not entirely consistent with the peak level of bilirubin. Conclusions There are clinical differences between hemolytic and non-hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia in both term and preterm infants.

SHIV-CN97001 played an important role in assessing the immune effect and strategy of the AIDS vaccine which included genes of the predominant prevalent HIV-1 strain in China. In this study, SHIV-CN97001 was in vivo passaged serially to construct pathogenic SHIV-CN97001/rhesus macaques model. To identify variation in the gp120 region of SHIV-CN97001 during passage, the fragments of gp120 gene were amplified by RT-PCR from the plasma of SHIV-CN97001 infected animals at the peak viral load time point and the gene distances (divergence, diversity) were calculated using DISTANCE. The analysis revealed that the genetic distances of SHIV-CN97001 in the third passage animals were the highest during in vivo passage. It had a relationship between viral divergence from the founder strain and viral replication ability. The nucleic acid sequence of the V3 region was highly conservative. All of the SHIV-CN97001 strains had V3 loop central motif (GPGQ) and were predicted to be using CCR5 co-receptor on the basis of the critical amino acids within V3 loop. These results show that there was no significant increase in the genetic distance during serial passage, and SHIV-CN97001 gp120 gene evolved toward ancestral states upon transmission to a new host. This could partly explain why there was no pathogenic viral strain obtained during in vivo passage.

Objective:To investigate the alteration of delayed memory and its relationship with neurogenesis and angiogenesis in vascular dementia (VD) rats after moxibustion therapy. Methods: Two hundred adult male SPF Wistar rats were chosen for the experiment. Thirty-six rats were randomly selected as the sham operation group. Except for rats in the sham operation group (n=36), the others were made into VD models by bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAo). After modeling, the 108 survived rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: a model group, a neural stem cells (NSCs) plus endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) moxibustion group and a NSCs moxibustion group. Co-transplanted implant was transplanted into the rats in the NSCs plus EPCs moxibustion group, and the rats in the NSCs moxibustion group were transplanted by NSCs only. The NSCs plus EPCs moxibustion group and the NSCs moxibustion group received suspended moxibustion therapy at Baihui (GV 20), Dazhui (GV 14) and Shenting (GV 24), (each group was divided into 3 subgroups by the treatment course as 1, 2 and 3 courses). Every group was measured by Morris water maze to evaluate its delayed memory after 3 treatment courses and the rat’s brain was taken out after perfusion of 4% paraformaldehyde one day after 1, 2 and 3 treatment courses, respectively. Marker protein expression was detected by laser confocal microscope to analyze the effect on neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Results: VD rats showed delayed memory in Morris water maze test 3 d after ischemic injury. After 3 courses of moxibustion therapy, VD-induced delayed memory deficits were improved in the NSCs plus EPCs moxibustion group and the NSCs moxibustion group. The expressions of nestin, doublecortin (DCX) and CD34 increased significantly in the two moxibusiton groups after every treatment course (all P＜0.05), which might contribute to the neurogenesis and angiogenesis in hippocampus. In addition, compared with the rats in the NSCs moxibustion group, the expressions of nestin, DCX and CD34 increased significantly in the NSCs plus EPCs moxibustion group (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Moxibustion can reverse VD-induced delayed memory deficits, which may be related to the promotion of neurogenesis and angiogenesis.

Objective To observe the protection and distribution of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by distinct intravenous infusion time on renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) in rats.Methods We used unilateral nephrectomy and contralateral vascular occlusion method to establish renal IRI model in rats.The experimental groups which received 2 × 106 MSCs infusion through the tail vein,were subsequently divided into 3 subgroups:2 h pre-reperfusion (PreOp,n =16),immediately after reperfusion (Op,n =16),6 h post-reperfusion (PostOp,n - 16).The control groups included sham operation group (n =16) and ischemia group (n =16).Chemotaxis of DAPI-labeled MSCs was detected 6 h after administration in the IR kidney.Renal function was detected at 6,24,and 48 h respectively after operation. Forty eight h after operation,the renal tissues were harvested to observe the pathological changes by HE staining and the tubular epithelial cell apoptosis via TUNEL assay.Results MSCs were found in the experimental groups after IR in the kidney,most in PostOp group.Twenty-four and 48 h after reperfusion,there was no significant difference in Cr and BUN between the experimental groups and sham operation group (P＞0.05),but the levels of Cr and BUN in the experimental groups were significantly lower than in the IR group (P＜ 0.05). As compared with IR group,the renal pathological injury was alleviated,the number of apoptotic cells was decreased in the experimental group,most significantly in PostOp group (P＜0.05).Conclusion MSCs can reduce the inflammatory response and inhibit renal tubular cell apoptosis in rat renal IRI.Post-reperfusion administration of MSCs leads to the best chemotaxis efficiency and protection.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis of 18 cases of endocrine ductal carcinoma-in-situ (E-DCIS).

METHODSEighteen cases of breast cancer with features of E-DCIS were studied by light microscopy, histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. E-DCIS was diagnosed if the histologic patterns were compatible with those described in the literature and at least 50% of the tumor cells expressing two of the three neuroendocrine markers employed (chromogranin, synaptophysin and neuron-specific enolase).

RESULTSE-DCIS tended to occur in older women. All the patients were over 61 years old (mean age=71 years). The presenting symptoms were either palpable breast mass or had nipple discharge. Histologically, E-DCIS demonstrated an expansile intraductal growth pattern. Intraductal papilloma was not uncommon at the peripheral area of the tumor. The tumor cells were polygonal, oval or spindle in shape and contained abundant eosinophilic to granular cytoplasm and mildly to moderately pleomorphic nuclei. Intracellular or extracellular mucin was highlighted by periodic acid-Schiff (with diastase digestion) or alcian blue stains. Some tumor cells assumed a signet-ring configuration. All the three neuroendocrine markers were expressed by more than 50% of the E-DCIS cells. The neuroendocrine differentiation was further confirmed in some cases by CD57 and CD56 immunostaining. Pagetoid spread into adjacent ductolobular units was frequently seen in E-DCIS, and the expanded lobules were often not rimmed by myoepithelial cells. These two features helped to distinguish E-DCIS from usual ductal hyperplasia.

CONCLUSIONSE-DCIS represents a subgroup of low-grade DCIS, which carries characteristic morphologic features and immunophenotype. Conventional light microscopy usually permits a correct diagnosis. Ancillary histochemical and immunohistochemical studies can be helpful in doubtful cases.

Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma in Situ ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Chromogranin A ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mastectomy ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; metabolism ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the function of POLH(polymerase eta) through establishment of the POLH gene-blocked cell line FL-POLH(-).

METHODSA mammalian expression vector expressing antisense POLH gene fragment pMAMneo-amp-POLHA (-) was constructed by cloning the 1473 - 2131 fragment of POLH gene into the mammalian expression vector pMAMneo-amp(-) in antisense orientation. The FL cells were transfected with this antisense RNA expressing vector and selected by G418. The mutation assay was conducted using the shuttle plasmid pZ189.

RESULTThe spontaneous mutation frequency of SupF tRNA gene in the plasmid replicated in the FL-POLH(-) was 13.5 x 10(-4), while it was 4.9x10(-4) and 3.7x10(-4) in the control cells FL and FL-M, respectively. The nontargeted mutation frequency of SupF tRNA gene decreased in the plasmid replicated in these cell lines pretreated with MNNG.

CONCLUSIONPOLH plays an important role in maintenance of genetic stability and genesis of nontargeted mutation.

Antisense Elements (Genetics) ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; genetics ; physiology ; Methylnitronitrosoguanidine ; toxicity ; Mutagenesis

OBJECTIVETo establish an adolescent violence crime prediction model, and to assess the value of serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene polymorphism for the assessment and prediction of violent crime.

METHODSInvestigative tools were used to analyze the difference in personality dimensions, social support, coping styles, aggressiveness, impulsivity, and family condition scale between 223 adolescents with violence behavior and 148 adolescents without violence behavior. The distribution of 5-HTT gene polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR and 5-HTTVNTR) was compared between the two groups. The role of 5-HTT gene polymorphism on adolescent personality, impulsion and aggression scale also was also analyzed. Stepwise logistic regression was used to establish a predictive model for adolescent violent crime.

RESULTSSignificant difference was found between the violence group and the control group on multiple dimensions of psychology and environment scales. However, no statistical difference was found with regard to the 5-HTT genotypes and alleles between adolescents with violent behaviors and normal controls. The rate of prediction accuracy was not significantly improved when 5-HTT gene polymorphism was taken into the model.

CONCLUSIONThe violent crime of adolescents was closely related with social and environmental factors. No association was found between 5-HTT polymorphisms and adolescent violence criminal behavior.

Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior ; psychology ; Crime ; psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; genetics ; Violence ; psychology