Objective To test whether sodium arsenite can induce in vitro reverse mutation of Salmonella typhimurium histamine-auxotroph mutant. Methods Ames test was carded out with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97,TA98,TA100 and TA102 by standard method with or without the liver microsomal enzyme activation system (+S9,-S9). Results At concentrations of sodium arsenite from 500.00 to 5000.00 μg/plate, no colonies were seen on the plates of TA97,TA98,TA100 or TA102, with or without the presence of S9. At concentrations of sodium arsenite of 0.01,0.10,10.00 μg/plate and with the presence of S9, twice as many colonies grew on the plates of TA102 as the negative control(P<0.05). Without S9 activation,twice as many colonies grew on the plates of TA100 as the negative control(P<0.05)at concentrations of sodium arsenite of 1.00,10.00 μg/plate(P<0.05). The reverse mutation colonies induced by sodium arsenite in TA98 strain were twice as many as negative control group at concentrations of 0.01,0.10 μg/plate(P<0.05). There was no obvious increase of the strain clones in the other(P0.05). Conclusions With and without S9 activation, the doses of 500.00,5000.00 μg/plate sodium arsenite resulted in a toxic effect and a reduction of the revertants among the strain. At concentrations of 0.01～10.00 μg/plate, sodium arsenite exhibited mutngenesis effects.

Objective To search for the methods preventing nephrotoxic injury of amikacin,Methods Case-control research was used in this study. There were 50 normal children in control group The urine routine, the ?2-microglobulin (?2 -M), mosmol and THP in urine and blood, the AIb, rGT and NAG in urine, the renal function and serum concentration of amikacin were determined respectively.The 43 patients with serious illness childten in study group, were divided into 2 groups (Group 1 and group 2 ). Group 1 (23 cases) was treated only with amikacin for 7 days, and group 2 (20 cases) was treated with vitaminC, vitamin E and amikacin for 7 days. Before treatment, the 3rd and 7th day during the treatment, all the items mentioncd above were examined in gtoup 1 and 2.Results The incidences of nephrotoxic injury of amikacin are 87 per cent (20/23)and 55 per cent (11/20) respectively in group 1 and 2. There is significant difference (P

Objective To evaluate the feasibilities and advantages of different concentrations of sodium alginate (SA) solutions as a submucosal injection solution for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Methods In vitro study, different concentrations of sodium alginate solutions and normal saline were injected into submucosal of resected porcine esophagus and stomach respectively, then observe and measure the heights of each injection induced mucosal elevations, and their changes over time. In vivo study, the mimic ESD were conducted in healthy pigs to evaluate the mucosal elevation effect and other assistant effects of sodium alginate as a submucosal injection solution. Results The elevation heights of the experiment groups injected with SA solutions were much higher than the control group injected with normal saline. Specially, the elevation created by 1 % SA in porcine esophagus was significantly higher than that of normal saline (P < 0.01) and the elevation created by 3 % SA was significantly higher than that of normal saline in porcine stomach (P < 0.001). In the mimic ESD experiment, mucosal elevation with clear margin occurred immediately after injection with SA solution. And the durable submucosal fluid cushion created by SA protected deeper tissues while facilitating ESD procedure. Conclusion The elevation heights created by SA solutions were greater and more durable than that created by normal saline, which were crucial for ESD. The viscosity property enabled SA to form a stable protective cushion and prevent bleeding by squeezing tissue around the wound, which may decrease perforation and bleeding rate during ESD procedure. Therefore, sodium alginate can be an ideal clinical submucosal injection solution.

Objective To observe the protective effect of silybin-phosphatidylcholine compound(SPC) on acute liver damage induced by alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate(ANIT) in mice.Methods Forty mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal group,model group,SPCⅠgroup,SPCⅡgroup.Intragastric administration of 0.5% carboxymethylcelluloes-Na(CMC-Na) suspension were given to the normal and model group,and 2 quantities of SPC suspension(150 and 300 mg/kg) were respectively given to SPCⅠ and SPC Ⅱ groups for 1 week.At 12 h after last administration of SPC,all of groups besides normal were given ANIT(dissolved in peanut oil,(60 mg/kg)) by lavage and the normal group just only were given peanute oil by the same volume and same way.After 16 h of ANIT administration,the levels of serum alanine transferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),serum total bilirubin(TB),malondialdehyde(MDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were detected by biochemical method.Results Serum levels of ALT,AST,TB and MDA markedly increased after ANIT was administered via intragastric tube,and the level of serum SOD also decrease.SPC could obviously inhibit the alteration of the activities of serum ALT,AST,TB,MDA and SOD(P

Objective To explore the DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of rats exposed to sodium arsenite. Methods Thirty-two Wistar rats, weighing 180 - 200 g, equal male and female, were randomly divided into 4 groups, 8 in each group. Sodium arsenite 0(control) ,0.05,0.15,0.45 mg/L were given through drinking water for 30 days. Body weight and drinking water consumption were measured every day. Blood were collected and DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes was examined by single cell gel electrophoresis.Results The increase of body mass[( 121.00 ± 38.57), ( 120.62 ± 42.80), ( 125.38 ± 48.68)g]and water intake [(36.9 ± 6.2), (37.9 ± 5.8), (39.3 ± 4.2)ml/d]in 0.05,0.15,0.45 mg/L sodium arsenite groups were compared with the control group[( 119.25 ± 47.27)g, (38.4 ± 5.1 )ml/d], and the difference were not significant (F = 0.040,0.828, all P ＞ 0.05). The tail ratios[46.25%(185/400) ,57.00%(228/400),64.00%(256/400)], tail lengths [(32.89 ± 17.18), (58.74 ± 36.28), (77.55 ± 35.73 ) μm]and tail moments [(6.29 ± 3.74), ( 11.20 ± 9.64),(17.30 ± 12.60)μm]in 0.05,0.15,0.45 mg/L sodium arsenite groups were significantly higher than those of the control group[39.25%(157/400), (18.73 ± 15.83),(2.61 ± 1.05)μm, all P ＜ 0.01], and the tail ratios,tail lengths and tail moments in lymphocytes increased with increased doses of arsenic concentration. Conclusions Low doses of arsenic exposure can induce DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of rats.

Adult ; Dermatitis, Occupational ; etiology ; Drug Eruptions ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Phthalimides ; adverse effects

Objective To investigate the effects of intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) on apoptosis and necrosis of myocytes in mice with viral myocarditis.Methods Three hundreds and twenty Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 8 groups.Different courses of IVIG were given in varying time after virus inoculation,Chinese medicine Huangqi given in control group.The virus titer in myocardium、percentage of apoptosis and necrosis of myocytes were detected, myocardial histopathologic scores were counted.Results In every IVIG treatment group,the above 3 items were all significantly lower than that in virus control group and Huangqi group,as IVIG early long course group had the best effect.Conclusion IVIG may reduce the percentage of apoptosis and necrosis of myocytes and virus titer in myocardium in mice with viral myocarditis,the effects are better than that of Huangqi.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment according to syndrome differentiation on acute radio-reaction (ARR) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients.

METHODSOne hundred and ninety-five NPC patients who received radiotherapy (RT) for the first time were randomly assigned to two groups: the control group (89 cases) was treated by RT alone for 7 weeks and the treatment group (106 cases) was treated by RT combined with oral taking TCM from starting of RT till 5 weeks after RT. The overall changes in total ARR score and ARR in different locations were observed weekly and compared.

RESULTSThe total ARR score in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). And the ARR scores of different organs, including skin, oropharyngeal mucosa, salivary glands, larynx, car, upper digestive tract, and central nervous system, in the treatment group were all lower than those of the corresponding organs in the control group. In addition, the ARR scores in both groups showed an ascending trend in the first 7 weeks and a descending trend from the 8th to the 10th week after beginning RT.

CONCLUSIONTCM treatment could relieve the ARR in the NPC patients without any affection on the efficacy of RT.

Adult ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Phytotherapy ; Radiation Injuries ; diagnosis ; prevention & control ; Syndrome ; Treatment Outcome

To study the association between penetration enhancement effect of essential oils and drug properties of traditional Chinese medicines. Through literature research, 34 kinds of essential oils with the penetration enhancement effect were collected. The methods of frequency analysis and variable crosstab were used for intuitive analysis and association analysis. The association between penetration enhancement effect of essential oils and drug properties (four natures, five flavors, channel tropism) were analyzed by a general linear model. According to the findings, the essential oils with penetration enhancement effect were all sourced from acrid traditional Chinese medicines, because their positive drug nature contributed to the enhancement of the penetration effect of essential oil; five flavors had little effect on penetration enhancement (P = 0.6982), but four natures and channel tropism showed significant effects (P = 0.011, 0.077). In conclusion, there were obvious association and regularity between penetration enhancement effect of essential oils and drug properties of traditional Chinese medicine.
Data Mining ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Permeability ; Skin ; metabolism

The objective of study was to investigate the Rh antigen stability of mPEG-modified RBC. RBC membrane protein SDS-PAGE technology was used to analyze the combination of the mPEG modified RBC membrane protein with mPEG molecules; the RBC ghost coagulation test and 4 degrees C CPD-preserved modified RBC mixed with matched blood were used to observe the stability of RBC Rh antigen camouflaged by mPEG. The results showed that the blood groups of stored mPEG-modified RBC were kept consistency before or after simulating transfusion, i.e. mixture of modified RBC with matched bloods, while the plasma hemoglobin after simulating transfusion was not only within the normal range during the storage, but also less than that before simulating transfusion even after incubation at 37 degrees C. The electrophoresis pattern stained with iodine and Coomassie blue displayed the bands of mPEG combined with RBC membrane protein and the slow mobility of membrane protein. The hemagglutination of PEGylation RBC ghosts did not take place and mPEG still covered the antigen. In conclusion, mPEG-SPA can bind the erythrocyte with its extracted membrane protein in both ghosts and living erythrocytes.
Erythrocyte Membrane ; immunology ; Erythrocytes ; immunology ; Humans ; Isoantibodies ; blood ; Polyethylene Glycols ; pharmacology ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System ; immunology ; Transfusion Reaction