Leptin,a peptide hormone synthesized and secreted primarily by adipose tissue,plays an important role in the regulation of body weight,metabolic and endocrine responses.It has emerged recently as a protective factor in multiple organ resistance to injury.We reviewed the protective effect of leptin and its possible mechanism.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the ways of development of drugstores in China.METHODS:To analysis the current situation of drugstores in China and to study the successful experience of developing drugstores in U.S.A.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:China's drugstores should develop a diversifying economy,implement chain-store operation and shape their own brand products.

Curative resection can offer a better chance for long-term survival than any other therapeutic modalities for hilar cholangiocarcinoma.This review highlights recent improvements in hilar cholangiocarcinoma management,with special attention to the new staging system for hilar cholangiocarcinoma,the perioperative management and the accurate dissection approach to achieve more adequate tumor-free resection margin.Overall,the precise surgical strategy and appropriate surgical techniques may provide an increased chance to cure patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Guided by the modern constructivism of the educational psychology theory,the author have carried out the teaching reformation on the students majoring in Applied Psychology in the past three years,and in combination with the characteristics and teaching requiement of each key course,explored many kinds of teaching mode such as the teaching mode of the scaffolding instruction in the operating experiments,of the random community practice,of the group supervision,of the problem-based anchored instruction and of the clinical situation etc.And the the preliminary effect has been got.

The Wnt signaling pathway,including the canonical and the non-canonical,is a conservative pathway which participates in organ development and tissue metabolism.The canonical Wnt pathway plays an important role in osteogenesis,bone formation and mineralization through the osteogenesis associated transcription factors.The canonical Wnt pathway also regulates osteogenic differentiation of the stem cells in the periodontal tissue and the regulative effect is influenced by the microenvironment.Understanding of the canonical Wnt pathway will contribute to the treatment of some related bone diseases.

ObjectiveTo explore the expression of EZH2 and p53 protein in primary prostate cancer (Pca) and its clinical significance.Methods High-throughput tissue microarray technique and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of EZH2 and p53 protein in 48 human prostate cancer specimens without a history of chemo-radiation therapy and 15 cases of benign prostate hyperplasic (BPH) tissues. The pathological characteristics and the relationship of the expression of EZH2 and p53 protein in primary prostate cancer was analyzed. ResultsImmunohistochemical results showed that the positive rates of EZH2 and p53 protein in prostate cancer were 87.50 ％ (42/48) and 33.33 ％ (16/48), respectively, which were significantly higher than that in BPH tissues[13.33 ％ (2/15) and 0 (0/15)](x2=26.429, x2=5.058,P ＜0.05). The expression of EZH2 and p53 protein was significantly related to Gleason score, TNM stage (P ＜0.05), but not to age and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level (P ＞0.05). The positive expression in patients with Gleason＞6 was higher than that with Gleason≤6(P ＜0.05).The positive expression in patients with T3-T4 stage was higher than that with T1-T2 stage(P ＜0.05).Spearman rank correlation showed a significantly positive correlation between EZH2 and p53 protein (r=0.294, P ＜0.05). ConclusionEZH2 and p53 protein may participate in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer.The overexpression of EZH2 and p53 protein could become an index for the evaluation of the level of malignancy and progression of prostate cancer.Furthermore,combining detection of EZH2 and p53 protein may provide a new theoretical basis for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Objective To study the effects of Tongluo recipe on p38 mitogen-activated protrin kinase (p38 MAPK)- fibronectin(FN) signal pathway in the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, so as to explore the possible mechanism by which Toogluo recipe protects the kidney. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups(n = 7): control group (CON group), model group(DM group)and Toogluo recipe group(DM+TLR group). Rats in the DM group and DM+TLR groups were administered with streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection to induce diabetic model. Rats in DM + TLR group were also given 1g/(kg·d) of Toogluo recipe orally after successfully establishment of diabetic model, and rats in DM and CON groups were only given equivalent volume of ddH2O. The interference lasted for 12 weeks. Biochemical indices were obtained by automatic analyzer. Coomassie brilliant blue assay was used to measure the 24-hour urine protein. Kidney cortex was subjected to PAS staining. Western blotting analysis was used to detect the protein expression of total p38 MAPK (t-p38 MAPK), phosphorylated p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK), total cAMP response element-binding protein (t-CREB), phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB) and FN. Results Compared with CON group, the average left kidney mass/body mass (LKM/BM), blood glucose(BG), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), serum creatinine(Scr), 24-hour urine proteins(24 h UP) and urine protein/creatinine (UP/Ucr) were significantly increased in the DM group (P< 0.05); the average BM was significantly decreased(P<0.05); and the expression of p-p38 MAPK, p-CREB, FN was increased by 2.37, 2.21, and 2.03 folds, respectively (P< 0.05). Compared with DM group, the average LKM/BM, Scr, 24 h UP and UP/Ucr were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in DM+TLR group, and the expression of p-p38 MAPK, p-CREB, FN was significantly decreased(P< 0.05). Conclusion Tongluo recipe can protect the kidney in diabetic nephropathy rats, probably through inhibition of the p38 MAPK-FN pathway.

Objective To study the value of 4‐item examination of gastric function in the evaluation of disease severity and course of peptic ulcer .Methods The 4‐item examination of gastric function ,including PGⅠ ,PGⅡ ,PGⅠ /PGⅡ ,gastrin 17 and He‐licobacter pylori(Hp) positive rate ,were detected by adopting enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 175 cases of peptic ulcer(study group) and 60 persons undergoing physical examination(control group) .The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between the 4‐item gastric function examination with the severity and course of peptic ulcer .Results The levels of PGⅠ ,PGⅡ ,gastrin 17 and Hp positive rate in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0 .05) ,while PGⅠ /PGⅡwas significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0 .05) .The values of PG Ⅰ /PGⅡfrom high to low were in turn the scarring stage group ,healing stage group and active stage group ,other indexes from high to low were in turn active stage group ,healing stage group and scarring stage group .The levels of PGⅠ ,PGⅡand gastrin 17 and Hp posi‐tive rate in the patients with disease course ≥3 years were significantly higher than those in the patients with disease course<3 years(P<0 .05) .The severity and disease course in the patients with peptic ulcer were positively correlated with the levels of PGⅠ ,PGⅡ ,gastrin 17 and Hp positive rate(P<0 .05) and negatively correlated with PG Ⅰ /PGⅡ(P<0 .05) .Conclusion In the pa‐tients with peptic ulcer ,4‐item gastric function examination is closely correlated with the severity and course of illness ,which can serve as the index for evaluate the severity and course of disease ,thus increases the clinical treatment pertinence ,reduces the occur‐rence of antibacterial drugs abuse ,and is worthy of being promoted and applied in clinic .

A cDNA library prepared from human liver was screened for Factor Ⅶ,a clotting factor in the middle phase of blood coagulation,with P114.12 probe.3 recombinant phages were distinguished,and one of the 3recom-binants was further analyzed and extended by 450 bp as compared with the p114.12 probe.The clone 1 (FⅧhc1) was sequenced and homology between 210 bp of FⅧhc1 and 5559-5769 in FⅧ cDNA was found.It was shown that the FⅧhc1 extended forwardly 800~900bp from 17 exon of FⅧ cDNA.

Objective To present the preliminary clinical results of anterior thoracoscopic correction for thoracic idiopathic scoliosis and consider its ind ications. Methods Between June 2002 and May 2003, 8 female patients with a diagn osis of right thoracic idiopathic scoliosis were selected to undergo thoracoscop ic instrumentation, correction and fusion using Eclipse system. The average age at surgery was 14.8 years (ranged from 13 to 16 years). The average preoperative Cobb angle was 54? (ranged fom 40? to 72?). 5 had idiopathic thoracic curves of King type Ⅲ, 2 of King type Ⅱ, and 1 of King type Ⅴ. The Risser sign rang ed from (+++) to (++++). The bending films of the thoracic curves showed a flexi bility of 60%-75%. The thoracic sagittal profiles remained normal without obviou s kyphosis or lordosis. In all cases the rotation of the top vertebra of scolios is was of degree Ⅰ. The operative time, blood loss, postoperative drainage, the number of instrumented levels, curve correction and loss of correction were ana lyzed. Results The instrumented levels were from T5 to T12. The average number o f instrumented levels for each patient was 7.4. The operative time averaged 6 ho urs. The blood loss during surgery averaged 629 ml (ranged from 400 to 800 ml), with no blood transfusions being required, except in one case. The average posto perative drainage was 500 ml. The postoperative Cobb angle was 15? on average w ith curve correction of 74%. With an average follow-up period of 6.5 months (ran ged from 3 to 12 months), the loss of correction averaged 8.3%. No hardware comp lications occurred. Conclusion Compared to the open anterior and posterior surge ry, the thoracoscopic Eclipse instrumentation is a safe and an effective way to correct thoracic idiopathic scoliosis with similar short-term postoperative resu lts. However, challenging issues remain. These included long operative time, hig h technical requirement, relatively limited indication and large radiation expos ure. Again, further research is needed to study its long-term impact.