Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MS) in residents in Pudong New District of Shanghai. MethodsA total of 5 584 residents aged 20-80 years were randomly selected from Pudong New District of Shanghai through multistage sampling and interviewed from April to July of 2008. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to three diagnostic criteria for MS, issued by the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ criteria ( NCEP-ATP Ⅲ ), International Diabetes Federation (IDF), and Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS). ResultsThe crude prevalences of MS in the adult population in Pudong New District were 18.2％ and 13.1％ standardized ( male 19. 1％, female 17.4％, the age-standardized 15.6％ and 13.2％ ) with CDS criterion, 31.8％ and 24.4％ standardized ( male 28.4％ ,female 35.1％ ,the agestandardized 22. 7％ and 25.0％ ) with NCEP-ATP Ⅲ criterion, and 21.7％ and 17.0％ standardized ( male 15.9％ ,female 26.7％, the age-standardized 13.8％ and 19.2％ ) with IDF criterion. The age-specific prevalence of MS increased according to three diagnostic criteria, and the age-adjusted prevalence was higher in males than females in junior age groups and higher in females than males in senior ones. Significant differences were present among region, education, marriage status, smoking, work intensity, recreation, and physical activity according to some diagnostic criteria. ConclusionsSubstantial proportions of adults in Pudong New District of Shanghai suffer from metabolic syndrome, and there exists a tendency for young people involved. MS has become a noteworthy public health problem. It suggests that community-integrated control strategy of MS should be made a priority.

0.05). Two fasting blood samples of 3 mL were taken in both groups and were sealed in tubes.Serum was separated by centrifugation at 3 000 r/min for 10 min. The serum IGF-Ⅰ, IgG, IgA and IgM were detected with the method of ELISA. The body height, wieght were measured at the same time. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS 11.0 software. Means and standard deviation were calculated.t-test was used to compare the differences between menas.Pearson correlation was used to analyze the significance of correlation.Results The serum IGF-Ⅰ,IgG,IgA,IgM and weight,height in RRI group were (21.8?4.5) ?g/L,(8.85?1.94) g/L,(0.78?0.22) g/L,(1.01?0.55) g/L,(17.7?4.92) kg and (95.2?3.22) cm.The serum IGF-Ⅰ,IgG,IgA,IgM and weight,height in control group were (32.7?4.7) ?g/L,(12.05?2.09) g/L,(1.95?0.90) g/L,(1.60?0.60) g/L,(25.3?9.6) kg,(104.7?8.32) cm,respectively.There were significant differences between 2 groups(Pa

Event-related potential (ERP) studies report that early components P120, N170 and VPP are associated with face processing. Several lines of evidence suggest that VPP is the positive counterpart of N170, and they are generated by the same brain sources. However, whether P120 has a negative counterpart and the relations among these early components (i.e. P120, N170, VPP) remain unclear. In this study, the scalp electroencephalogram was recorded when the subjects passively viewed different stimuli, and ERP was calculated. The synchronization of electroencephalography signals between fronto-central and bilateral occipitotemporal sites was evaluated, and independent component analysis was employed to seek the face-sensitive independent components and their corresponding sources. We found that P120 had the negative counterpart, i.e., VN120; moreover, VN120-VPP and P120-N170 complexes were generated by the same sources located in fusiform gyrus, which reflected the same sequential neural activities of face processing.
Adolescent ; Brain ; physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials ; physiology ; Face ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pattern Recognition, Visual ; physiology ; Perception ; physiology ; Sensation ; physiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze the efficacy and safety of bicyclol combined with thymosin in treatment of chronic viral hepatitis B (CHB).

METHODSA total of 135 patients with CHB were randomized into experimental group and control group. The patients in the experimental group received bicyclol orally 75 mg daily and thymosin 20 mg intramuscular injection once every 2 days for 24 weeks and those in control group received bicyclol orally 75 mg daily alone for 24 weeks. The levels of serum aminotransferase (ALT/AST), HBV-DNA, HBeAg /antiHBe were observed.

RESULTSCompared with pre-treatment levels, the serum aminotransferase levels decreased significantly in both groups, but there were no statistically significant differences between them. HBeAg negative conversion rate was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (35.3 percent vs.19.4 percent, P less than 0.05). HBV DNA negative conversion rate was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (36.7 percent vs. 20.9 percent, P less than 0.05). No obvious adverse events which were probably related to the drugs were observed in this study.

CONCLUSIONThe combination of bicyclol with thymosin had better effect in treatment of chronic hepatitis B ias compared with bicyvlol alone.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Biphenyl Compounds ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thymosin ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects

AIMTo study the effects of ginkgolides (Gin) on the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (H1F-1alpha) in primary cultured cortical neurons treated with CoCl2 and the relationship with ERK signal pathway.

METHODSWe observed the effects of Gin (37.5 mg/L) on morphology and viability on primary cultured cortical neurons with treatment of CoCl2 (125 micromol/L). The expression of HIF-1alpha and p-ERK of neurons induced by CoCl2 pretreated with Gin were assessed by Western-blot. We analyzed the relationship between HIF-1alpha expression activated by Gin and ERK signal pathway with treatment of PD98059 (100 micromol/L), a selective inhibitor of ERK.

RESULTSIt was shown that Gin had protective effects on CoCl2 damaged neurons by raising the neuronal viability. Some basic expression of HIF-1alpha and p-ERK were observed in normal cultured cortical neurons. The expression of HIF-1alpha and p-ERK increased strikingly when treated with CoCl2 for 4 h. The levels of HIF-1alpha and p-ERK increased even more in the neurons pretreated with Gin for 24 h before CoCl2. The levels of HIF-1alpha and p-ERK were notably inhibited with pretreatment of PD98059, while Gin could prevent this inhibition.

CONCLUSIONGin has protective effects on neurons damaged by CoCl2 which might be related to the increase of the level of HIF-1alpha and the activation of ERK signal pathway.

Animals ; Cell Hypoxia ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Ginkgolides ; pharmacology ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the added diagnostic value of SPECT/CT imaging over routine planar whole-body bone scintigraphy (WBBS) for bone metastases from lung cancer. Methods One hundred and forty-six patients with lung cancer, confirmed by pathological examination, underwent routine 99Tcm-MDP (1110 MBq) WBBS, followed by SPECT/CT over the regions with indeterminate findings on WBBS. Both WBBS and bone SPECT/CT images were interpreted by two experienced nuclear medicine physicians in consensus as the positive, negative or uncertain bone metastases. The final diagnosis was comfirmed by pathology or clinical follow-up. x2 test was used to compare the differences between the two imaging methods. Results Finally, 45 patients were diagnosed as positive bone metastases and the other 101 as negative. The diagnostic sensitivity of bone SPECT/CT for bone metastases from lung cancer was 93.3%(42/45), singnificantly higher than that of WBBS (64.4%, 29/45) (x2 = 19.944, P＜0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of bone SPECT/CT was 89.7% ( 131/146), much higher than that of WBBS (44.5%,65/146) ( x2 = 69. 598,P ＜ 0.05). The uncertain and incorrect diagnostic rates of bone SPECT/CT and WBBS were 10.3% ( 15/146, raging from 5.3% to 15.2% with 95% confidence interval (CI) ) and 55.5% (81/146, raging from 47. 4% to 63.5% with95% CI), respectively. Conclusion BoneSPECT/CT provides incremental diagnostic value over routine WBBS for bone metastases from lung cancer.

Objective To investigate the additional diagnostic value of 99Tcm-MDP SPECT/CT over conventional SPECT scan in patients with spinal bone malignancy. Methods Fifty-two patients (mean age (56±14) years) with suspicious spinal bone diseases underwent both bone SPECT and SPECT/CT imaging right after 99Tcm-MDP whole-body planar bone scintigraphy. All patients were pathologically diagnosed by either spine operation or trans-spinal biopsy. The images were evaluated by two independent reviewers; inter-reviewer agreement was evaluated using a weighted Kappa score. Each focus of abnormality was recorded using a 4-point diagnostic confidence scale: benign (B), possibly benign (PB), possibly malignant (PM) or malignant (M). Results Accord to the pathological results, 36 patients had bone malignancy (19 with metastatic tumors and 17 with non-metastatic tumors) and 16 had benign lesions. Over SPECT images, two reviewers rated 73.1% (38/52) and 67.3% (35/52) the lesions as the equivocal (PB or PM) respectively. Over SPECT/CT images, they rated only 25.0% (13/52) and 13.5% (7/52) lesions as the equivocal. Inter-reviewer agreement was 63.5% (weighted Kappa score=0.62) for SPECT and 78.9% (weighted Kappa score=0.81) for SPECT/CT. Conclusions Compared with99Tcm-MDP SPECT, 99Tcm-MDP SPECT/CT results in a significant reduction of equivocal diagnoses for the spinal bone malignancy.

Objective To construct a recombinant immunotoxin expression vector composed of a single-chain Fv fragment of Sehistosorna japomicum and PE38KDEL gene,and identify the binding activity of the purified product with SEA antigen.Methods The V_H and V_L genes were amplified by PCR from the parent monoclonal antibody NP11-4.Then the amplified scFv and PE38KDEL genes were inserted into the expression vector pBAD/gIII A.The fusion protein expressed in E.coli Top10F' induced by L-arabinose.After purification,the activity of the immunotoxin was evaluated by Westem-blot and ELISA.Results The new recombinant immunotoxin expression vector pBAD/gIII A-scfv-PE38KDEL was constructed successfully.The main product was in inclusion bodies.ELISA assay showed that the refolding recombinant immunotoxin remained binding activity with SEA antigen.Conclusion A new recombinant expression plasmid pBAD/gIII A-scfv-PE38KDEL has been constructed and expressed successfully,which is useful in further study of the treatment of schistosomiasis japonica.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adult residents of Shanghai Pudong New Area. Methods A total of 5584 residents aged 20-80 years old were randomly selected from Shanghai Pudong New Area through multistage sampling and interview between April and July 2008. Fasting blood samples and morning urine samples were collected to detect Scr and urinary albumin and creatinine. Urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated to estimate the renal function. Logistic regression model was used to examine the associations of demographic and lifestyle factors with indicators of kidney damage. Results The age-standardized prevalence of albuminuria, reduced renal function and CKD was 9.9% (male 8.0%, female 12.4%), 1.1% (male 1.3%, female 0.9%) and 11.0%(male 8.8%, female 12.7%), respectively. The prevalence of CKD was higher in female and increased with age. No significant difference in the prevalence was observed between urban and rural areas. Elder, female, high blood pressure, high fasting glucose, dyslipidemia and obesity were associated with CKD independently. Conclusions The prevalence of CKD in Shanghai Pudong New Area is comparable to that previously reported in China or other developed countries, and even higher. CKD is going to be a public health problem and warrants the community-integrated control strategy to prevent the incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and related complications.

The severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is the causative pathogen of an emerging infectious disease severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome and a new member in the genus Phlebovirus of family Bunyaviridae. Immune responses and pathological lesions in SFTSV-infected Balb/C mice and hamsters were evaluated by inoculation of SFTSV at 105 TCID50 or 103 TCID50 per animal through four different routes of infection, including intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, and intracerebral injections. The vehicle control groups were also included. At different time points after the inoculation blood and plasma samples were collected. Blood cell counts, blood viral RNA copies, and plasma antibodies were detected by automatic blood cell counters, real-time PCR, and luminex assays, respectively. At two weeks post inoculation, the animals were sacrificed. Tissues including heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, intestine, muscle, and brain, were collected for pathological analyses. Results showed that the SFTSV could infect Balb/C mice and hamsters with SFTSV-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG antibodies detected in plasma samples on day 7 post inoculation. The SFTSV-specific IgM levels peaked on day 7 post inoculation and then decreased, whereas the SFTSV-specific IgG levels started to increase on day 7 and then peaked on day 14 post inoculation. Pathological analyses indicated significant pathological lesions in liver and kidney tissues. In conclusion, SFTSV could can infect different strains of rodent animals and cause similar immunological and pathological responses.
Animals ; Antibody Specificity ; Bunyaviridae Infections ; blood ; pathology ; Cricetinae ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Immunoglobulin M ; blood ; Leukocyte Count ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Organ Specificity ; Phlebovirus ; immunology ; physiology