Objective To explore the effect of pacifiers plus touching intervention on venipuncture-induced pains in newborn babies.Methods Ninety two neonates undergoing venous puncturing were randomly divided into touching intervention group and pacifiers plus touching group.During and after the venipuncture,the neonatal pain score,heart rate and blood oxygen saturation were compared between the two groups.Results The degree of pain perception in the pacifiers plus touching group was significantly lower than that in the only touching group(P<0.001).During and afterpuncturing the heart rate of the pacifiers plus touching group was significantly lower than that in the only touching group.However,the blood oxygen saturation was significantly higher(P<0.05). Conclusion Pacifiers plus touching can effectively relieve venipuncture-induced pains in neonates.

0 ^05). Giemsa positive samples were all positive by PCR-ELISA. The negative control group had one positive by ELISA in lung tissue and BALF respectively. Conclusion PCR-ELISA shows a high sensitivity and specificity in detecting the DNA of Pneumocystis carinii, which is a secure and easy use method.

Objective To make staining preparation of tapeworm for the purpose of teaching and scientific research.Methoeds Pregnant segmens were stained by Indian ink,and mature segments,cephalomeres and bladder worms were stained by carmine.Result After staining the characteristics of pregnant segments,mature segments,cephalomeres and bladder worms were observed obviously.For instance,the stem and branches linking both-side of uteri in pregnant segment and reproduction cavity projecting in one of edges in the center of the pregnant segment were clearly shown in ink colour after stained by Indian ink.The red colour was shown in the mature segment with deep-coloured male and female reproduction systems inside,separately,after stained by carmine.Conclusion Tapeworm preparation stained by Indian ink and carmine is useful and can be preserved permanently.

Objective To observe the anatomical and functional changes in patients with different degrees of myopic traction maculopathy (MTM) after vitrectomy.Methods It was a retrospective case series study.Forty-seven consecutive patients (47 eyes) diagnosed with MTM were studied between January 2010 and May 2014.There were 38 females (38 eyes) and 9 male (9 eyes),mean age was (65.13±6.98) years,mean axial length was (29.23±1.77) mm.The eyes was divided into 3 groups according to the macular morphologies on optical coherence tomography (OCT),including macular retinoschisis only group (MRS group,18 eyes),foveal retinal detachment group (FD group,13 eyes) and full-thickness macular hole group (MH group,16 eyes).All the eyes underwent minimum resolution angle in logarithmic (logMAR) best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),intraocular pressure,axial length,A or B-ultrasonography,fundus photography,OCT and microperimetry examinations.The average logMAR BCVA of 47 eyes was 1.43±0.52.The center retinal thickness (CRT) of eyes in MRS and FD group was (528.45± 167.61) μm.All the patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane peeling.The mean follow-up period was 23.4 months.The changes of logMAR BCVA,microperimetry and macular microstructural were observed.Results At the final follow-up,the logMAR BCVA of 47 eyes was 0.86 ± 0.42,which improved compared with the preoperative vision (t=7.36,P＜ 0.001).The mean CRT of eyes in MRS and FD group was (250.90 ± 91.81) μm,which improved compared with the preoperative CRT (t=8.17,P＜0.001).In MRS group,the retina was attached in 18 eyes.In FD group,the retina was attached in 11 eyes,MH was observed in 2 eyes.In MH group,recurrent retinal detachment was observed in 1 eye.The differences of logMAR BCVA and retinal sensitivity among MRS,FD and MH groups were significant (x2 =6.38,11.08;P=0.030,0.004).Conclusion The macular structural and visual function in MTM eyes with macular retinoschisis only after vitrectomy are better than those in MTM eyes with MH and foveal retinal detachment.

Objective To investigate the effects of cochlear implantation on residual hearing and to evaluate the potential impact of long -term electrical stimulations on residual hearing .Methods 58 hearing impaired children with cochlear implants were included in this study .All subjects could cooperate with behavioral audiometry .Audio-metric evaluations were carried out pre -implantation and 3 ,12 ,24 months post -implantation respectively .Of 58 subjects ,43 were followed up more than 1 year and 17 were followed up more than 2 years .Results All 58 subjects showed significant differences (P<0 .05) between pre- and 3 months post-implantation of residual hearing at the individual frequencies of 0 .25 ,0 .5 ,1 ,2 and 4 kHz .43 subjects followed up more than 1 year showed statistic differences (P<0 .05) between pre- and 3 months post -implantation ,pre- and 12 months post-implantation at 0 .25 ,0 .5 ,1 ,2 and 4 kHz respectively .Comparing 3 months with 12 months post -implantation ,there were sta-tistic differences at 0 .25 and 0 .5 kHz ,while no significant difference (P>0 .05) at 1 ,2 and 4 kHz .Of 17 subjects followed up more than 2 years ,there were significant differences (P<0 .05) between pre- and various return visits post-implantation .Post-implantation return visits ,there were significant differences between 3 months and 12 , 24 months at 0 .25 and 0 .5 kHz respectively ,not any significant differences on 1 ,2 and 4 kHz .There were no sig-nificant differences on each frequency between 12 months and 24 months post- implantation .Conclusion Residual hearing after cochlear implantation could decrease to some extent for various reasons .There were significant differ-ences between 3 and 12 months post-implantation at 0 .25 and 0 .5 kHz .Not any significant differences were ob-served between 12 months and 24 months post-implantation at each frequency .

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism underlying pruritus by comparing the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor(EGFRI)-erlotinib mouse model with the substance P(SP)-induced pruritus mouse model. Methods Two randomized groups of mice were treated with erlotinib or SP to induce pruritus. Behavioral and skin manifestations were observed. Pathological images and neurokinin 1 receptor(NK-1R)expression of the skin were determined. Concentration of interleukin(IL)-31, IL-33, histamine, leukotriene B4, and SP was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Nitric oxide was analyzed by colorimetry. Results Transient pruritus induced by erlotinib appeared 2 to 5 days after treatment. In contrast, continuous pruritus was observed during the first hour, but was then gradually relieved. These two shared similar scratching behavior. Concentration of neurotransmitters showed similar trends in changes among the erlotinib group and SP group. Immunohistochemical expression was also consistent between the erlotinib group and SP group. Conclusions Erlotinib-associated pruritus is related to release of signaling factors through the SP/NK-1R signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVETo study the respiratory system injury in fur processing environment.

METHODSEnvironmental fungal survey was conducted in the fur processing procedures. Investigation of respiratory symptoms and chest X-ray examination were also carried out in 138 fur processing workers and 40 control workers. At the same time, the serum antibodies to fungi were analyzed by ELISA.

RESULTSFungal number(629-3,681 cfu/m3) in fur processing procedures was much higher than those in the control environment. Cladosporium and Alternaria were the leading strains of fungi in fur processing procedures. The rates of respiratory symptoms(cough, sputum, chest tightness, dyspnea, and fever) in fur processing workers were higher than those in the control workers. The rates of the symptoms in female workers were 37.9%, 28.4%, 10.5%, 22.1%, 4.2%, respectively. Abnormalities of chest X ray were found in 7 workers. The serum antibodies to Cladosporium and Alternaria(A450 nm 0.631, 0.724, respectively) in fur workers were significantly higher than those in the control workers(P < 0.05). The positive rates of the antibodies to Cladosporium and Alternaria(44.2%, 42.8%) were significantly higher than those in the control workers(P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONCladosporium and Alternaria may be the pathogens of occupational respiratory diseases in fur processing workers.

Alternaria ; isolation & purification ; Antibodies, Fungal ; blood ; Cladosporium ; isolation & purification ; Environmental Microbiology ; Female ; Hair ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; etiology ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; etiology

BACKGROUND: The restenosis occurs up to 20%-30% following metal coronary stent implantation. Under the support of the 863 program, the feasibility to treat coronary artery stenosis using a novel drug-eluting stent (DES) has been investigated to reduce restenosis. OBJECTIVE: A drug-eluting stent (rapamycin as drug mode) was implanted into porcine models of coronary stenosis. The safety and efficacy of the drug-eluting stent were observed and compared with bare-metal stent. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized controlled animal experiment was performed in the Fu Wai Hospital for Cardiovascular Disease between November 2003 and April 2004. MATERIALS: A novel bioinspired phospholipid copolymer was synthesized by free radical polymerization of stearyl methacrylate, β-hydroxypropyl methacrylateand 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propylmethacrylate. METHODS: Twenty-one pigs were randomly divided into 3 groups: bare-mental stent, drug-eluting stent, and polymer-coated stent. The treated stents pre-loaded onto a delivery system through the use of crimping instrument were implanted into pig's coronary artery, with 2 stents per pig. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Determination of luminal diameter, luminal area, mean intimal thickness on and between the stents, neointimal area, percentage of luminal area restenosis, and damage index using an image analysis instrument. RESULTS: At 28 days after implantation, there was significant difference in mean intimal thickness on and between the stents, as well as neointimal area, between the DES and bare-metal stent groups (P < 0.05). The neointimal area was reduced by 44.87% in the DES group compared with the bare-metal stent group. No significant difference in percentage of luminal area restenosis was found between the DES and bare-metal stent groups, but P value equaled to 0.053, which was close to 0.05. In addition, no restenosis was found in the DES group. CONCLUSION: Rapamycin DES can markedly resist intravascular intimal hyperplasia and restenosis following stenting.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of hospitalized elderly schizophrenia patients combined with somatic diseases.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on hospitalized elderly schizophrenia patients using a questionnaire developed by ourselves at three mental health centers in Shanghai.Gender,age,length of education,course of disease,somatic diseases (hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia,organic cerebral disease,and heart disease),antipsychotic medication as well as other relevant information were collected.Meanwhile,body mass index,body height and other relevant indexes were measured.Results Among 304 subjects,176 (57.9 ％) were complicated with somatic diseases,including 120 (39.5％) with hyperlipidemia,113 (37.2％) with hypertension and 78 (25.7％) with diabetes mellitus as the top three somatic diseases.Patients who were overweight or took atypical antipsychotics were more susceptible to somatic diseases (both P＜0.05);female patients were more susceptible to heart disease and diabetes than male patients (P ＜0.05);patients aged 70 years and over were susceptible to hypertension and hyperlipidemia than those under 70 years old (P＜0.05).Somatic diseases were related to age (over 70 years old),overweight and use of atypical antipsychotics in hospitalized elderly schizophrenia patients (P＜0.05).Conclusions The incidence of somatic diseases in hospitalized elderly schizophrenia patients is relatively high,and the most common somatic diseases are hyperlipidemia,hypertension and diabetes mellitus.Age,overweight and use of atypical antipsychotics are the influence factors for somatic diseases in these patients.

Objective To validate the four chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) predictive equations based on serum creatinine (SCr) and cystatin C (Cys C) in Chinese CKD patients,and try to develop the GFR predictive equations for Chinese CKD patients.Methods254 CKD patients were randomly selected from four Grade ⅢA hospitals in different regions in China from September 2007 to December 2010.Clearance of dual plasma sampling 99mTc-DTPA was used to measure glomerular filtration rate (rGFR) in 254 CKD patients.The serum concentration of Cr and Cys C were measured.CKD-EPI SCr equation,Cys C equation,Cys C equation adjusted for age,sex and race,SCr/Cys C combinated equation adjusted for age,sex and race were used to estimate GRF ( labeled as eGFR1,eGFR2,eGFR3 and eGFR4,respectively).The correlation,bias and precision of eGFRs were compared with rGFR by Wilcoxon signed rank test,intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Spearman correlation analysis.The deviation degree between rGFR and different eGFRs was compared via Bland-Altman graph.The accuracy within 15％,25％,30％ ( P15,P25,P30) and the staging correctness of eGFR against CKD at different stages was calculated.ResultsThe rGFR in 254 CKD participants was [ 48.07 (26.19 -92.97 )] ml · min -1·(1.73 m2) -1.The Spearman correlatiou coefficients (CC) of eGFR and rGFR varied within the range of 0.873 - 0.896 ( P =0.000 ).The intra-class CC ( ICC ) varied within the range of 0.920 - 0.942.The correlation of eGFR4 was the best.The absolute deviations of 4 eGFRs and deviation precision were eGFR4 ＜eGFR3 ＜ eGFR2 ＜ eGFR1.The 95％ confidence intervals for the regression line of 4 eGFRs shown by Bland-Altman graphs were 92.5,87.3,83.0 and 76.1 ml · min-1 · ( 1.73 m2 ) -1,respectively,with the best result of eGFR4.For P30,the correctness of 4 eGFRs were eGFR4 ＞ eGFR3 ＞ eGFR2 ＞ eGFR1,but no significant difference was found by Chi square test (x2 =6.448,P =0.092).The overall correctness rate in 4 eGFRs against CKD stages were 48.4％ -57.5％,with the highest consistency of eGFR4,but their staging correctnessratewerenotideal(Kappa values were 0.405,0.348,0.366 and 0.463,respectively).Conclusions Compared with CKD-EPI SCr equation,no advantage was found in CKD-EPI Cys C equation.The Cys C equation adjusted by age and sex shows a little advantages over CKD-EPI Cys C equation in bias,precision,correlation and accuracy.The CKD-EPI SCr/Cys C combinated equation adjusted by age,sex and race has advantage over other three equations not only in bias,precision,correlation and accuracy,but also in staging correctness.However,the validation of this equation is still not fairly ideal for Chinese CKD patients.Based on these findings,it is essential for the Chinese CKD patients to develop SCr/Cys C combined predictive equation which adjusted by age,sex or other factors.(Chin J Lab Med,2012,35:798-804)