Objective To evaluate the effects of meglumine cyclic adenylate (MCA) pretreatment on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats.Methods Fifty-four adult male Sprague Dawley rats,aged 2-3 months,weighing 200-250 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =18 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),ALI group and MCA pretreatment group (group MCA).ALI was induced with LPS 10 mg/kg injected via the femoral vein in ALI and MCA groups.In group MCA,MCA 2 mg/kg was injected via the femoral vein at 20 min before LPS injection,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in C and LPS groups.Immediately before LPS injection and at 2 and 4 h after LPS injection,the blood samples were taken from the abdominal aorta for determination of PaO2,PaCO2 and plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10).Six rats were sacrificed at 4 h after LPS injection and pulmonary specimens were obtained for microscopic examination of the pathological changes and for determination of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) activity (by ELISA) and NF-κB p65 expression in nucleus (by Western blot).Results Compared with group C,PaO2 and cAMP activity in lung tissues were significantly decreased,and PaCO2,plasma concentrations of IL-10 and TNF-α and NF-κB p65 expression in nucleus in lung tissues were increased in group LPS.Compared with group LPS,PaO2,cAMP activity in lung tissues and plasma concentrations of IL-10 were significantly increased,and PaCO2,plasma concentration of TNF-α and NF-κB p65 expression in nucleus in lung tissues were decreased and the pathologic changes of lungs were attenuated in group MCA.Conclusion MCA pretreatment can attenuate ALI induced by LPS,and the mechanism is related to increased level of cAMP,activated cAMP signaling pathway,inhibited NF-κB activity and reduced inflammatory responses in lung tissues of rats.

Objective To evaluate the effect of nicotine pretreatment on cardiac function following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-250 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =20 each):sham operation group (group S),group I/R and nicotine pretreatment group (group N).The rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 20％ urethane 1 g/kg,tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated.Myocardial ischemia was induced by occlusion of the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min of reperfusion.The left anterior descending branch of coronary artery was only exposed,but not occluded in group S.Nicotine 400 μg/kg was injected intravenously via the right jugular vein at 30 min before myocardial ischemia in group N.The equal volume of normal saline was injected instead in groups S and I/R.Before ischemia,at 30 min of ischemia and at 30 and 120 min of reperfusion,10 rats from each group were chosen for record of left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP),left ventricular diastolic pressure (LVDP),± dp/dtmax,HR and mean arterial pressure (MAP).Blood samples were collected from the right carotid artery of the left 10 rats in each group at 60 min of reperfusion to measure plasma CK-MB activity and cTnI and TNF-α concentrations.Results Compared with group S,MAP and LVSP at T2,3 and HR,LVDP and ± dp/dtmax at T1-3 were significantly decreased,and the plasma CK-MB activity and cTnI and TNF-α concentrations were increased in group I/R,and LVDP at T1,2 and HR and ± dp/dtmax at T1-3 were significantly decreased,and the plasma CK-MB activity and cTnI and TNF-α concentrations were increased in group N (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group I/R,MAP,HR,LVSP,LVDP and ± dp/dtmax were significantly increased at T3,and the plasma CK-MB activity and cTnI and TNF-α concentrations were decreased in group N (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Nicotine pretreatment can reduce myocardial I/R injury through activating cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway,thus improving cardiac function in rats.

Objective To evaluate regulatory effects of glutamate receptor antagonists on the proliferation and migration of WM451LU malignant melanoma cells, and to explore their related mechanisms. Methods WM451LU cells at exponential growth phase were classified into 3 groups to be treated with the glutamate receptor antagonist MK?801 at 100μmol/L(MK?801 group), the glutamate receptor antagonist CPCCOEt at 10μmol/L(CPCCOEt group), or culture medium(control group). After 24?hour treatment, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay was performed to determine cell proliferation rates, scratch assay to evaluate the migration activity of cells, and Western?blot analysis to measure expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), protein kinase Cα(PKCα) both on cell membrane and in cytoplasm, and phosphorylated mitogen?activated protein kinase(p?MAPK). Results After 24?hour treatment, cell proliferation rates were significantly decreased in the MK?801 group and CPCCOEt group compared with the control group(63%± 3.1%and 60%± 2.4%vs. 100%± 1.1%, both P<0.05). The scratch assay showed that cell?free zones in the control group gradually narrowed over time, and the scratch wound tended to close. However, the cell?free zones in the MK?801 group and CPCCOEt group narrowed more slowly compared with the control group, and were still wide after 24?hour culture with no obvious closure of the scratch. The MK?801 group and CPCCOEt group both showed significantly decreased expressions of PCNA(77.0% ± 5.4% and 72.0% ± 4.2% respectively), PKCα on the cell membrane(0.12 ± 0.02 and 0.14 ± 0.02 respectively), and p?MAPK(0.48 ± 0.03 and 0.36 ± 0.04 respectively) compared with the control group(PCNA:100.0%± 1.3%;PKCα:0.38 ± 0.01;p?MAPK:1.00 ± 0.02;all P<0.05).Conclusion In vitro suppression of glutamate receptors can inhibit the proliferation and migration of WM451LU cells, likely through the mediation of the PKCα?MAPK signaling pathway.

Objective To analyze the GDM of 336 cases with chronic HBV in pregnancy. Methods According to HBV DNA≥1.0 × 103 IU/mL, participants were divided into HBV DNA (+) or (-) group. 409 cases without HBV were selected as control group. Differences on GMD incidence between groups and virus load and OGTT blood sugar correlation were compared. Results The incidence of GDM of HBV DNA (+) or (-) group was 16.77% and 17.71%, which is higher than that in HBV group (10.27%). The difference is significant (P < 0.05). The correlation index between HBV DNA and fasting blood-glucose is r = 0.005, P = 0.610, the result of which is not statistically significant. But correlation index between HBV DNA and blood sugar at 1 h , 2 h are r = 0.082, 0.086; P = 0.000, 0.000, the result of which is statistically significant. Conclusion The oc-currence of GDM were higher in HBV DNA (+) or (-) group. The viral load is positively related with blood sugar of glucose tolerance at 1 h or 2 h.

Objective To investigate the risk of postpartum haemorrhage in HBV-infected pregnant women. Methods Cohort or case-control studies that discussed the relationship between hepatitis b virus infection and pregnancy outcome were searched in PubMed , EMBASE , Wiley Online Library , Cochrane Library , Google Scholar, CBM, WanFang database and CNKI etc. (till August 2015). The quality of included Cohort or case-control studies was evaluated , and Meta-analysis was performed with Rev Man5.2 software. Results Four observational case-control studies and 17 cohort studies , involving 19 549 women in observation , were identifled. Meta-Analysis results displayed that the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage in HBV-infected women was 9.3%, while 2.8% in women without HBV [RR = 2.97, 95% CI (2.25 ~ 3.92),P < 0.01]. Compared with normal-risk women , the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage of HBV-infected women with normal hepatic function was also higher [RR = 2.56, 95% CI (2.01 ~ 3.25),P < 0.01]. HBV-infected women with hepatic dysfunction had higher incidence of postpartum haemorrhage than those with normal hepatic function [RR = 2.67, 95% CI (2.17~ 3.28),P < 0.01]. Conclusions HBV-infected women are at higher risk of postpartum haemorrhage than normal pregnancy women and further hepatic dysfunction would lead to a continuing increase of the risk.

Objective To explore the influence of naloxone hydrochloride injection on levels of IL-6,IL-8,IL-18 and TNF-α in patients with COPD complicated with respiratory failure.Methods A total of 60 COPD patients with respiratory failure were randomly divided into control group (n =30) and experimental group (n =30).The control group was given conventional medical treatment,while the experimental group was treated with naloxone on the basis of the control group.Results After treatment,the inflammatory factors IL-6,IL-8,IL-18,TNF-and blood gas indicators p(CO2) in the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group (P ＜ 0.05),and blood gas indicators p (O2) and pH were significantly higher than the control group (P ＜ O.05).The pulmonary function indexes FVC,FEV1 ％ and PEF in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The hospital stay in the experimental group was significantly shorter than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The total effective rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Naloxone hydrochloride injection is effective in the treatment of COPD patients with respiratory failure.

Objective To explore the influence of naloxone hydrochloride injection on levels of IL-6,IL-8,IL-18 and TNF-α in patients with COPD complicated with respiratory failure.Methods A total of 60 COPD patients with respiratory failure were randomly divided into control group (n =30) and experimental group (n =30).The control group was given conventional medical treatment,while the experimental group was treated with naloxone on the basis of the control group.Results After treatment,the inflammatory factors IL-6,IL-8,IL-18,TNF-and blood gas indicators p(CO2) in the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group (P ＜ 0.05),and blood gas indicators p (O2) and pH were significantly higher than the control group (P ＜ O.05).The pulmonary function indexes FVC,FEV1 ％ and PEF in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The hospital stay in the experimental group was significantly shorter than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The total effective rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Naloxone hydrochloride injection is effective in the treatment of COPD patients with respiratory failure.

AIM: To investigate the expression and significance of MAPK-interacting kinase-2 ( Mnk2 ) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E ( eIF4E) in the patients with resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( ESCC ). METHODS:The protein expression of Mnk2 and eIF4E in ESCC tissues (98 cases) and normal esophageal tissues (20 cases) were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and their correlations with clinicopathological features were statisti-cally analyzed.RESULTS:The over-expression rate of Mnk2 and eIF4E was 68.4%(67/98) and 61.2%(60/98), re-spectively.The expression of Mnk2 had a positive correlation with eIF4E (P<0.05).Clinicopathologic analysis showed that Mnk2 expression was significantly correlated with T classification ( P<0.05 ) and clinical stage ( P<0.05 ) .CON-CLUSION:The over-expression of Mnk2 was significantly related to the tumor invasive depth , TNM stages and expression of eIF4E in ESCC.Expression of Mnk2 and eIF4E may have a cooperative formation mechanism in the development of ESCC.

Objective To investigate the effects of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)on the pathological structure and cytokine expression of lung tissue in septic model of diabetic rats. Methods Diabetic rats were ran-domly divided into control,sham-operation,sepsis and MSC-treated groups. The diabetic model was induced by high-sucrose and high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin and cecal ligation and puncture. The pathological changes of lung tissue were observed at 6,12,18 and 24 hours after operation respectively,and the expression of SP-D,TNF-α,IFN-γ and IL-10 in lungs were measured.Results The levels of SP-D,TNF-α and IFN-γ in lung tissue increased gradually with the elongation of time after CLP. The expression of IL-10 in lung tissue increased and then decreased. The trend of MSC intervention increased the content of SP-D,TNF-α and IL-10 in the lung tissue of non-diabetic septic rat model and reduced the content of IFN-γ.MSC intervention reduced the SP-D and TNF-α content.The intervention of MSC had no effect on the content of IFN-γ in the lung tissue of diabetic septic rats.However,it increased and then decreased the content of IL-10.Conclusions The model of sepsis in diabetic rats can be established by feeding combined high-sugar and high-fat diet and streptozotocin combined with cecal ligation and puncture. Mesenchymal stem cells affect sepsis inflammation and organ damage. But its specific role depends on the immune status and the timing of mesenchymal stem cell selection.

Objective To analysis the common abnormalities in fetus with ventriculomegaly and clinical significance. Methods Collected from March 2010 to December 2016,298 cases of pregnant women whose fetus with ventriculomegaly and accepted the prenatal diagnosis of pregnancy,including 109 cases of isolated cerebral ventriculomegaly(IVM),and 189 cases of non-isolated cerebral ventriculomegaly(NIVM).They were divided into mild groups(10.0-11.9 mm),moderate group(12.0-14.9 mm)and severe group(≥15.0 mm)according to the width of the lateral ventricle. Results(1)The most common abnormality of the NIVM were neurodevelopmental system(37.30%,94/252);The second was ultrasonic soft index(27.78%,70/252).(2)The most frequent combi-nation in mild group was ultrasonographic soft mark anomalies(44.76%,47/105),followed by other ultrasonic indi-cators(18.10%,19/105).The abnormal incidence of central nervous system was higher in middle group(45.16%, 42/93),followed by ultrasonic soft index abnormality(21.51%,20/93).The abnormality of the central nervous sys-tem was 62.96%(34/54)in severe group,followed by an abnormal(14.81%,8/54).(3)There was a difference in the nervous system and the ultrasonic-soft indicator between the non-isolated lateral ventricle dilation with different lateral ventricle widths(P<0.001).There was no difference in cardiovascular abnormalities. Conclusion Prena-tal ultrasound revealed that fetus with cerebral ventriculomegaly should carefully examine whether other abnormali-ties existed to determine the prognosis of the fetus and whether intervention should be taken.There was a difference between the different types of lateral ventricle and the prognosis.