Objective:To compare the regional load deflection rate(LDR) of multiloop edgewise arch wire(MEAW) in the individual interbracket span,to understand the mechanical properties of MEAW.Methods:The stainless steel wire of 0.41 mm?0.64 mm was bent with single L-loop of 5 different sizes as described by Kim.The LDR of each L-loop at the individual interbracket span when loading and unloading was measured by using the Instron at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min and maximum deflection of 1.0 mm at room temperature.Five specimens were tested under each experimental condition to eliminate the possibility of changes in the physical properties of the wires as a result of the stress from repeated measurements.The date were analysed by SPSS 11.0.Results:L-loops of MEAW had different LDRs regionally,except the regional LDRs between the canine and the first premolar and that between the first and second premolar were identical and moderate,a high value for the anterior segments and a low value for the posterior segments,the difference was statistically significant(P

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of locking plate in the treatment of postoperative nonunion of limb long bone fracture.Methods We treated 53 patients whose limb long bone fracture failed to unite after operation with locking plate between April 2011 and November 2014.They were 38 men and 15 women,aged from 20 to 69 (average,39.7).There were 18 humeral fractures,5 radioulnar ones,9 femoral ones,and 21 tibial ones.On average,each patient had undergone 1.2 previous operations (from 1 to 2 times),including plating in 29 cases,intramedullary nailing in 15,and external fixation in 9.In the 15 patients whose intramedullary nails were reserved because of slightly loosening only under axial stress,lateral force and rotation,the nonunion was treated with bone autograft + unicortical or full-thickness locking plate.In the other 38 patients whose original implants were removed,the nonunion was treated by re-reaming of the medullary cavity + bone autograft + locking plate internal fixation.Regular radiological follow-ups were conducted for the patients.The functional recovery of upper limbs was evaluated by the Neer system while that of the lower limbs by the Johner-Wruhs system.Results One patient was lost to the follow-up.The rest 52 were followed up for 4 to 15 months (average,12.7 months).Nonunion was found in 2 patients whose internal fixation was broken and loosened.Bone healing was achieved in 50 cases after 4 to 6 months(average,5 months).Removal of implants was conducted in 36 patients at 12 to 24 months after operation (average,13.3 months).At the final follow-ups,the Neer score of upper limb was excellent in 15 cases,good in 5,fair in one and poor in one,giving an excellent to good rate of 90.9％;the Johner-Wruhs score of lower limb was excellent in 24 cases,good in 3,fair in 2 and poor in one,giving an excellent to good rate of 90.0％.Conclusion Locking plate can have good curative efficacy in the treatment of postoperative nonunion of long bone fracture.

BACKGROUND: Carbamylated erythropoietin (CEPO) cannot only remarkably promote the prognosis of cerebral infraction, but also improve the microcirculation. OBJECTIVE: To explore the underlying mechanism of CEPO promoting the microcirculation following cerebral infraction. METHODS: 150 Wistar rats were selected, and 120 rats were used for establishing the models of cerebral infarction, followed by allotted into four groups. The model rats were treated with 500, 1000 and 2000 u/kg CEPO as experimental groups, and those received no treatment as model group. The other 30 rats were as controls. Vascular endothelial cells were isolated and cultured in vitro, and the cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8 assay. The expression levels of proliferation-related genes (Ki67 and p16) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected using western blot assay. After selective silencing of VEGF through RNA interference, all above indicators were detected again. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cell counting kit-8 assay results showed that the proliferation ability of vascular endothelial cells was increased with CEPO concentration increasing. Western blot assay results showed a significant upregulation of Ki67, p16 and VEGF. After shRNA-VEFG interference, these indicators had no positive correlation with the increased concentration of CEPO. Our findings indicate that CEPO can improve the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells in an animal model of cerebral infarction via upregulating the VEGF expression.

Objective To investigate the effect of oral exercise method combined with shaker exercise on dysphagia in patients with cerebral hemorrhage.Methods 112 patients with dysphagia caused by cerebral hemor-rhage were randomly divided into control group (28 cases,conventional treatment),oral exercise method group (28 cases,conventional treatment combined with oral exercise method),shaker exercise group (28 cases,conventional treatment combined with shaker exercise)and combination group (28 cases,conventional treatment combined with oral exercise method and shaker exercise).Four groups were assessed with video fluoroscopic swallowing study (VF-SS)before treatment and after treatment.Results (1)There were no differences on VFSS among four groups before treatment (P >0.05).After treatment,there were significant differences on VFSS among four groups(F =9.40,P <0.05).Combination group[(8.68 ±4.74)points]with the highest score,followed by shaker exercise group[(6.52 ± 3.12)points]and oral exercise method group[(6.43 ±2.84)points],control group[(3.96 ±2.02)points]with the lowest score.There were no differences on VFSS between before treatment and after treatment in control groups (F =0.945,P >0.05).In the remaining groups,the scores of VFSS after treatment were significant higher than that of before treatment (P <0.05).(2)The total effective rate in combination group was higher than that of the remaining groups(χ2 =37.76,P <0.01).Combination group (96.43%)combined with the highest total effective rate,followed by shaker exercise group (75.00%)and oral exercise method group (71.43%),control group (21.42%)combined with the lowest total effective rate.Conclusion The application of oral exercise method combined with shaker exercise on patients with dysphagia caused by cerebral hemorrhage could improve the swallowing function.

Objective To explore the inhibitory effect of Oldenlandia diffusa extract on colorectal cancer angiogenesis in BALB/c mice. Methods Thirty-two BALB/c mice with subcutaneous CT26 colon cancer animal model were randomly equally divided into four groups,including the control group (groupⅠ,saline 0.1 mL/(10. d), O. diffusa ethanol extract of 90 mg/(kg.d) (groupⅡ), O. diffusa ethanol extract of 180 mg/(kg.d) (groupⅢ) and O. diffusa ethanol extract of 360 mg/(kg.d) (group Ⅳ) . Each group of mice were treated with intragastric administration of law administration 12 days after vaccination, then stopped and continue fed to 32 days, and the mice were killed. Micro-vascular dense ( MVD) was observed and countered under the microscopy by immunohistory chemistry. Results The murine colon tumor volumes of GroupⅡ,ⅢandⅣwere significantly less than that of groupⅠ,with significant difference ( <0.05) . The tumor microvessel density values of four groups was (7.83±2.87), (5.32±1.27), (1.77±0.70) and (1.87±0.68),respectively. The number of tumor blood vessels in GroupⅡ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly less than that of Ⅰ group, with significant difference ( <0.05) . Conclusion Within a certain dose range, the ethanol extract of O. diffusa can significantly inhibit the mouse colon cancer and the mechanism may be realated to inhibiting tumor angiogenesis.

Objective To explore the inhibitory effect of the ethanol extract of Oldenlandia diffusa on the proliferation of CT-26 colon cancer cells which come from BALB/c mice. Method We determined the inhibitory effect of different concentrations of ethanol extract of Oldenlandia diffusa on CT-26 cells' proliferation by using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), and calculated the 50% inhibiting concentration (IC50) . Results As to the same concentration, the inhibitory effect of the ethanol extract of Oldenlandia diffusa on CT-26 cells was increased with time, for exsample:after treated with 0.08 mg/mL of ethanol extract of Oldenlandia diffusa for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, the inhibitory rates of CT-26 cells were (16.67 ±9.35)%, (34.66 ±9.23)%and (40.07 ±9.16)%, respectively. After treating CT-26 cancer cells for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, the IC50 values of the ethanol extract of Oldenlandia diffusa were 0.315,0.155 and 0.115 mg/mL, respectively. In the same treatment time, the inhibitory effect of the ethanol extract of Oldenlandia diffusa on CT-26 cells was increased with the increase of concentration:after treatment for 72 h with different concentrations (0.06 mg/mL,0.08 mg/mL,0.10 mg/mL,0.12 mg/mL, 0.14 mg/mL,0.16 mg/mL,0.18 mg/mL and 0.20 mg/mL) of the ethanol extract of Oldenlandia diffusa,the inhibitory rates of CT-26 cells were (35.46 ±3.59)%, (40.07 ±9.16)%, (40.77 ±6.92)%, (52.81 ±1.87)%, (54.22±2.35)%, (68.72±3.71)%, (70.04±8.03)%and (71.84±3.12)%, respectively. Conclusion The ethanol extract of olenlandia diffusa can inhibit the proliferation of CT-26 colon cancer cells from BALB/c mice in a time and dose dependent manner.

Objective To compare the diagnostic efficacies of narrow-band imaging (NBI) in distinguishing neoplastic from non-neoplastic colorectal lesions with routine endoscopy and with magnifying endoscopy. Methods Patients with colorectal lesions detected by NBI from September 2008 to February 2010 were enrolled in the study. These lesions were classified by pit pattern and capillary pattern, which was then assessed by reference to histopathology. Results A total of 100 patients with colorectal lesions were enrolled, and the lesions were observed by NBI with ordinary endoscopy (n =64) and NBI with magnifying endoscopy (n =36), respectively, and 7 cases (5 in NBI with ordinary endoscopy and 2 in NBI with magnifying endoscopy) which did not meet the diagnostic criteria were excluded. The overall diagnostic accuracy of NBI endoscopy in distinguishing neoplastic from non-neoplastic colorectal lesions was 91.4% ( 85/93 ), in which NBI with ordinary endoscopy and magnifying endoscopy was 89. 8% (53/59) and 94. 1% (32/34),respectively, with both significantly higher than that of conventional colonoscopy reported in the literature (79. 1% ) (P ＜ 0. 05 ). However, no significant difference was detected between 2 methods ( P ＞ 0. 05 ).Conclusion Similar with NBI magnifying endoscopy, NBI endoscopy without high magnification may also be useful to distinguish neoplastic from non-neoplastic colorectal lesions.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of atorvastatin combined with levamlodipine besylate in the treatment of elderly patients with hypertension combined with carotid plaque. METHODS:160 elderly patients with hyperten-sion combined with carotid plaque were randomly divided into control group(80 cases)and observation group(80 cases). Control group orally received Atorvastatin tablet 3 mg,qd+compound reserpine tablets 2 tablets,tid;observation group was received Atorv-astatin tablet(the same dosage and usage with control group)+Levamlodipine besylate tablet 2.5 mg,qd. They were treated for 8 months. Antihypertensive efficacy,blood pressure,and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) before and after treatment,and the incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed and recorded. RESULTS:The antihypertensive effective rate in observa-tion group was significantly higher than control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Before treatment,there was no sig-nificant difference in blood pressure and IMT levels in 2 groups(P>0.05). After treatment,blood pressure and IMT levels in 2 groups were significantly lower than before,and observation group was lower than control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). And there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Atorv-astatin combined with levamlodipine besylate shows good efficacy in the treatment of elderly patients with hypertension combined with carotid plaque,which can not only effectively control patients'blood pressure,but also improve atherosclerosis,reversing plaques and does not increase the incidence of adverse veactions.