Objective:To investigate cytomegalovirus detoxification and associated factors among preschool children in Yinan County, Shandong Province.Methods:Two kindergartens were selected from the county and township of Yinan respectively. A total of 250 children were investigated in October 2018. Case information was obtained through the child′s guardian. Saliva samples of children and their mothers were collected for cytomegalovirus realtime-PCR detection.The status of CMV detoxification of children was explored and the associated factors were analyzed.Results:A total of 242 preschool children were investigated, and the detoxification rate of cytomegalovirus among them was 22.31% (54/242, 95% CI: 17.0%-27.6%). Logistic regression analysis showed that the rate of detoxification was higher in children whose mothers were cytomegalovirus detoxified ( OR=12.39, 95% CI:1.73-88.65)and whose school was located in the county ( OR=3.58 ,95% CI:1.34-9.55). Conclusions:The detoxification rate of cytomegalovirus in preschool children is high, and there is mutual transmission between children and mothers. Women of childbearing age should pay attention to prevent congenital cytomegalovirus infection when they come into contact with children.

Objective:To investigate cytomegalovirus detoxification and associated factors among preschool children in Yinan County, Shandong Province.Methods:Two kindergartens were selected from the county and township of Yinan respectively. A total of 250 children were investigated in October 2018. Case information was obtained through the child′s guardian. Saliva samples of children and their mothers were collected for cytomegalovirus realtime-PCR detection.The status of CMV detoxification of children was explored and the associated factors were analyzed.Results:A total of 242 preschool children were investigated, and the detoxification rate of cytomegalovirus among them was 22.31% (54/242, 95% CI: 17.0%-27.6%). Logistic regression analysis showed that the rate of detoxification was higher in children whose mothers were cytomegalovirus detoxified ( OR=12.39, 95% CI:1.73-88.65)and whose school was located in the county ( OR=3.58 ,95% CI:1.34-9.55). Conclusions:The detoxification rate of cytomegalovirus in preschool children is high, and there is mutual transmission between children and mothers. Women of childbearing age should pay attention to prevent congenital cytomegalovirus infection when they come into contact with children.

The application of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas) can be limited due to a lack of compatible protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequences in the DNA regions of interest. Recently, SpRY, a variant of Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9), was reported, which nearly completely fulfils the PAM requirement. Meanwhile, PAMs for SpRY have not been well addressed. In our previous study, we developed the PAM Definition by Observable Sequence Excision (PAM-DOSE) and green fluorescent protein (GFP)‍-reporter systems to study PAMs in human cells. Herein, we endeavored to identify the PAMs of SpRY with these two methods. The results indicated that 5'-NRN-3', 5'-NTA-3', and 5'-NCK-3' could be considered as canonical PAMs. 5'-NCA-3' and 5'-NTK-3' may serve as non-priority PAMs. At the same time, PAM of 5'-NYC-3' is not recommended for human cells. These findings provide further insights into the application of SpRY for human genome editing.
CRISPR-Associated Protein 9/metabolism* ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; DNA ; Gene Editing/methods* ; Humans ; Streptococcus pyogenes/metabolism*