Objective To investigate the prevalence of colorectal cancer in community people in Shanghai,and clarify the necessity of colorectal cancer screening in community residents.Methods From April 2013 to September 2014,colonoscopy examination was carried out in people who participated in colorectal cancer screening in Shanghai with positive result of fecal occult blood test or with high-risk in colorectal cancer evaluated with the risk factors questionnaire.A total of 1 990 individuals were recruited.The colonoscopic results of them were retrospectively analyzed.Chi-square test was performed for statistical analysis.Results The 1 990 individuals received colonoscopy examination aged from 50 to 92.Among the 1 990 individuals with colonoscopy examination,colorectal polyps,colorectal cancer and carcinoid were found in 1 027 cases,and the total detection rate was 51.6％.The detection rate of colorectal polyps was 48.7％ (969/1 990),and the maximum diameter of polyps was 3.5 cm.The detection rate of colorectal polyps of the male was 59.3％ (532/897),which was higher than that of the female (40.0％,437/1 093),and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =73.7,P＜0.01).The detection rate of colorectal polyps in group 50 to 60 (not include 60) years old,60 to 70 (not include 70) years old,70 to 80 (not include 80) years old and ≥80 years old was 37.5％ (139/371),48.7％ (524/1 075),55.9％ (248/444) and 58.0％ (58/100),respectively.The difference was statistically significant (x2 =31.3,P＜0.01).The detection rate of colorectal cancer was 2.7 ％ (54/1 990).The detection rate of male rectal cancer was 3.8％ (34/897),which was significantly higher than that of female (1.8％,20/1 093),and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =7.2,P＜0.05).The detection rate of colorectal cancer in group 50 to 60 (not include 60) years old,60 to 70 (not include 70) years old,70 to 80 (not include 80) years old and ≥80 years old was 1.6％ (6/371),1.9％ (20/1 075),4.3％ (19/444) and 9.0％ (9/100),respectively.The difference was statistically significant (x2 =23.7,P＜0.01).The detection rate of rectal carcinoid was 0.2 ％ (4/1 990).Conclusions The prevalence of colorectal polyps and cancer is high in screening community people with high-risk of colorectal cancer.Colorectal cancer screening in community people ≥ 50 years old with sequential screening method is important.

Background:Colorectal polyps are common gastrointestinal diseases,which are closely related to the development of colorectal cancer. Aims:To investigate the clinical features of high-risk people with intestinal polyps in colorectal cancer screening. Methods:People in Hongkou District,Shanghai,who were positive in fecal occult blood test or of the high risk category in colorectal cancer questionnaire from April 2013 to December 2014 were enrolled,and colonoscopy was performed at Branch of Shanghai First People’s Hospital. The overall detection rate,gender,age,location of lesion, morphology,and pathology were analyzed. Results:A total of 985 patients with colorectal polyps were recruited in this study. The overall detection rate of polyps was 48. 7% . The prevalence of colorectal polyps was significantly higher in males than in females(58. 7% vs. 38. 9% ;χ2 = 79. 788,P < 0. 01). The detection rates of colorectal polyps in different age groups were statistically significant(χ2 = 23. 820,P < 0. 01). Detection rate of polyps was significantly higher in left colon than in right colon(62. 4% vs. 37. 6% ;χ2 =190. 643,P <0. 01). The overall detection rate of protruding lesion 0-Ⅰwas 94. 5% ,and slightly elevated lesion 0-Ⅱa was 48. 3% . Detection rate of adenomatous pylops was significantly higher than non-adenomatous pylops(59. 3% vs. 47. 1% ;χ2 = 27. 326,P < 0. 01). The histological results were differed between two examination in 119 patients. Only 17. 8% of the patients operated were followed up by colonoscopy,and polyps recurred in 62. 3% of them. Conclusions:A higher incidence of colorectal polyps is found in people with high risk of colorectal cancer screening. High quality colonoscopy examination and effective operation in time can reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer.

Interferon stimulated gene 15 kDa protein (ISG15) is the first ubiquitin-like protein identified, which plays vital roles in a variety of fields including viral infection and immunological regulation. In this study, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze ISG15-modified proteins in A549 cells in response to infection by influenza virus, which was enriched by immunoprecipitation. A total of 22 cellular host proteins were identified in A549 cells infected by influenza virus, including ubiquitin-like ISG15 protein, cyclin-T1, heat shock protein 71 kDa, caldesmon, eukaryotic translation initiation factor, and so on. Besides, non-structural protein (NS1) from influenza virus was also identified. Among the 22 host proteins identified, 6 proteins were also identified in the control non-infected A549 cells, including annexin A1, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A, ATP synthase subunit g, enolase, actin, and tubulin. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the identified ISG15-modified host proteins induced by influenza virus infection could be classified into 9 protein classes: chaperone, oxidoreductase, enzyme modulator, transferase, nucleic acid binding, transcription factor, kinase, cytoskeletal protein, and structural protein. This study provided a specific and effective tool for analyzing ISG15-modified proteins in proteome level.

Abstract Formaldehyde has been widely employed to immobilize clinical tissue specimens, inactivate toxins and viruses in biomedical fields. Formaldehyde can react with active groups in bio-molecules such as proteins, resulting in protein cross-linking, inactivation, and immobilization. By using several standard peptides and tryptic peptides from matrix protein of influenza virus as experimental models, we studied the chemical modifications of peptides and proteins with formaldehyde by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and nano-electrospray quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. The reaction between formaldehyde and peptides was performed under the same conditions as those during inactivation of virus (4℃, 0. 025% Formalin (V/V), 37% formaldehyde solution (w/w), and 72 h). The results indicated that under above conditions, formaldehyde could react with amino group of N-terminus of standard peptide to generate a methylol adduct, which was further condensed into an imine to generate+12 Da product. Besides, formaldehyde could react with side chain of two amino acids such as arginine and lysine, yielding +12 Da product respectively. The analysis of the reaction between formaldehyde and tryptic peptides from matrix protein of influenza virus showed that +24 Da products could be detected in most peptides due to combinational contribution from N-terminus of peptide (+12 Da ) and side chain of C-terminal arginine or lysine (+12 Da) . Moreover, a +36 Da product was detected for a peptide with miss-cut site. The results indicated that low-concentration formaldehyde primarily reacted with amino group on N-termini of peptides and proteins, as well as the side chains of arginine and lysine residues. The present study suggested an effective mass spectrometry-based method for analyzing the reaction between low-concentration formaldehyde and peptides and proteins, thus provided strategies for interpretation for the mass spectra of reaction products.

Objective To explore the effects of low dose X-ray irradiation on the ability of antigen presentation and IL-12 secretion in human dendritic cells that had been cultured for different time in vitro.Methods The human peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC ) were collected and differentiated to dendritic cells (DCs) by rhGM-CSF and rhIL-4 treatment in vitro.The DCs were divided into 3 groups,group A:DCs were cultured for 2 d and then irradiated with 0.05,0.1,0.2 and 0.5 Gy X-rays; group B:DCs were cultured for 6 d and then irradiated as above; group C:DCs were cultured without irradiation.At 8 d of cell culture,the DCs were applied to activate T cells and CCK-8 was used to detect MLR ( mixed lymphocyte reaction),and the antigen presentation ability of DCs was evaluated.MTT assay was also used to test the cell-killing effect of the activated T-cells on A549 cells.IL-12 in the culture medium of DCs was detected by ELISA.Results After irradiation with 0.2 and 0.5 Gy X-rays,the antigen presentation ability of DCs was decreased in group A (t =2.79 and 3.71,P ＜ 0.05 ),but significantly increased in group B (t =3.60 and 3.11,P ＜ 0.05).The ability of the T cell activation was detected and the proliferation of A549 cells was slightly inhibited by the DCs in group A (t =2.89 and 2.91,P ＜ 0.05),but was obviously inhibited by the DCs in group B (t =2.91 and 2.82,P ＜0.05).Meanwhile,the level of IL-12 was dramatically decreased in group A (t =4.44 and 6.93,P ＜ 0.05),but was increased in group B (t =3.51 and 4.12,P ＜0.05).Conclusions The abilities of antigen presentation and proliferation inhibition of DCs could be down-regulated by low dose( ＜ 0.5 Gy) of X-ray irradiation at the early stage of DCs,but was up-regulated at the late stage of DCs culture.

Objective To analysis the risk factors and drug resistance of multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa(MDRP) infection and to provide the basis for clinical anti-infective therapy .Methods Predisposing factors and drug resistance to clinical commonly used antibacterial drugs of MDRP which were separated from September 2010 to December 2011 were adopted for retro-spective analysis .Results A total of 235 hospital MDRP infection were collected ,97 multidrug resistant strains were concluded ,the separation rate was 41 .2% .The separation rate of ICU and neurosurgery were higher ,account for 35 .54% and 22 .31% respective-ly .The main resource of specimen is respiratory tract ,about 75 .21% .The resistance of MDRP was very serious .The resistant rate of Amikacin was the lowest ,account for 37 .11% ,followed by piperacillin/tazobactam ,ceftazidime ,account for 47 .4% and 48 .45%respectively .The resistant rate of other antimicrobial agents were greater than 50% .Advanced age ,serious underlying diseases ,long hospital stay ,long-term repeated application of broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs ,admission to ICU ,invasive treatment operations were the risk factors for MDRP resistance .Conclusion The resistance is very serious ,in order to reduce the generation and spread of drug-resistant strains ,the hospital infection control ,drug resistance monitoring ,rational use of antimicrobial drugs and prevention of cross-infections should be strengthened .

Modified ORF5 (MORF5) and ORF6 gene of PRRSV were cloned into two multiple cloning sites of MVA transfer vector pLR-gpt to construct the recombinant plasmid pLR-MORF5/ORF6. Homologous recombination between pLR-MORF5/ORF6 and the wtMVA on BHK-21 cell line was mediated with liposome by infecting the cell with 0.01 MOI wtMVA two hours before transfecting the recombinant plasmid into the cell. When the cytopathic effect (CPE) was obvious, virus was collected from the cell plate and the recombinant virus was selected with drug selecting medium (2% MXHAT). After 12 cycles of selection, rMVA with a selection marker Eco gpt was obtained and named as rMVAgpt-MGP5/M. By infecting BHK-Cre expressing Cre recombinant enzyme, the Eco gpt marker in rMVAgpt-MGP5/M was deleted and this rMVA was named as rMVA-MGP5/M. The insertion of MORF5 and ORF6 into the MVA genome was confirmed with PCR analysis and the expression of MGP5 and M protein was identified with Western blot and IFA. Through biological study on the recombinant MVA, no obvious difference was observed between rMVA-MGP5/M and the wtMVA regarding to the CPE and growth curve. The recombinant MVA constructed in this study could coexpress the modified GP5 and M protein and the expressed product had good immunocompetence. Furthermore, the insertion of the MORF5 and ORF6 into MVA genome had no obvious effect on the replication and biological characteristics of this virus.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome ; prevention & control ; Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus ; genetics ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Recombination, Genetic ; Swine ; Transfection ; Vaccines, DNA ; genetics ; immunology ; Vaccinia virus ; classification ; genetics ; metabolism ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Viral Matrix Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Jianpi Bushen Zhixie Recipe combined with conventional western medicine therapy in the treatment of diabetic diarrhea patients with spleen and kidney yang-deficiency syndrome.Methods:According to the random number table method, 62 patients with diabetic diarrhea with spleen and kidney yang-deficiency syndrome from June 2019 to June 2021 in Shunyi Hospital of Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, who met the inclusion criteria, were divided into two groups, with 31 in each group. The control group was treated with standardized hypoglycemic and mecobalamin treatment, while the treatment group was treated with Jianpi Bushen Zhixie Recipe on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for 2 weeks and followed up for 2 weeks. Before and after treatment, TCM syndrome scores and Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) scores were performed before and after treatment. The Health Related Quality of Life Scale (SF-36) was used to evaluate the quality of life of patients. The number of bowel movements and adverse reactions during treatment were recorded before and after treatment, and followed up for 2 weeks to observe the disease recurrence rate.Results:The total effective rate was 93.55% (29/31) in the treatment group and 74.19% (23/31) in the control group, with a statistically significant difference between both groups ( χ2=5.44, P=0.020). After treatment, the number of bowel movements in the treatment group [(1.02±0.23) times/d vs. (2.35±0.45) times/d, t=14.65] was significantly lower than that of the control group ( P<0.01); the BSFS scores (1.93±0.43 vs. 3.23±0.43, t=11.87) and TCM syndrome score (0.93±0.25 vs. 1.95±0.36, t=12.96) in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01); the SF-36 score (92.32±2.99 vs. 86.23±3.12, t=7.85) in the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P<0.01). No gastrointestinal adverse events were found in both groups during treatment. During the follow-up period, there were 4 cases (4/23) of recurrence in the control group after treatment, and no recurrence in the treatment group. There was a statistically significant difference in the recurrence rate between the two groups ( χ2=4.28, P=0.039). Conclusion:The Jianpi Bushen Zhixie Recipe combined with conventional western medicine can improve symptoms and quality of life of patients with diabetic diarrhea with spleen and kidney yang-deficiency syndrome, reduce adverse reactions and recurrence rate.

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors and regularity of inferior mediastinal lymph node metastasis in Siewert type Ⅱ and Ⅲ adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG).Methods:The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinicopatho-logical data of 185 Siewert type Ⅱ and Ⅲ AEG patients in two medical centers (113 cases in Changzhi People's Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College and 72 cases in Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College) from January 2017 to January 2022 were collected. There were 143 males and 42 females, aged (64±8)years. Patients underwent radical resection of AEG combined with inferior mediastinal lymph node dissection. Observation indicators: (1) clinicopathological charac-teristics of Siewert type Ⅱ and Ⅲ AEG patients; (2) analysis of influencing factors for inferior mediastinal lymph node metastasis in Siewert type Ⅱ and Ⅲ AEG; (3) regularity of inferior mediastinal lymph node metastasis in Siewert type Ⅱ and Ⅲ AEG. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range), and comparison between groups was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were represented as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparsion between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Comparison of ordinal data was analyzed using the rank sum test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using the Logistic regression model. Results:(1) Clinicopathological characteristics of Siewert type Ⅱ and Ⅲ AEG patients. Pathologic staging as stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ, degree of tumor invasion as stage T1, T2, T3 and T4, length of esophageal invasion ≤1 cm, >1 cm and ≤2 cm, >2 cm and ≤3 cm, >3 cm and ≤4 cm were found in 30, 61, 75, 7, 3, 41, 79, 50, 101, 46, 18, 8 cases of the Siewert type Ⅱ and Ⅲ AEG patients without inferior mediastinal lymph node metastasis, respectively, versus 0, 2, 10, 0, 0, 0, 5, 7, 4, 3, 2, 3 cases of the Siewert type Ⅱ and Ⅲ AEG patients with inferior mediastinal lymph node metastasis, showing a significant differences between them ( Z=?2.21, ?2.49, ?2.22, P<0.05). (2) Analysis of influencing factors for inferior mediastinal lymph node metastasis in Siewert type Ⅱ and Ⅲ AEG. Results of univariate analysis showed that pathological staging, depth of tumor invasion and length of esophageal invasion were related factors affecting inferior mediastinal lymph node metastasis in Siewert type Ⅱ and Ⅲ AEG ( odds ratio=2.48, 3.26, 2.03, 95% confidence intervals as 1.02?6.01, 1.21?8.80, 1.18?3.51, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that depth of tumor invasion and length of esophageal invasion were independent influening factors affecting inferior mediastinal lymph node metastasis in Siewert type Ⅱ and Ⅲ AEG ( odds ratio=4.01, 2.26, 95% confidence interval as 1.35?11.96, 1.26?4.06, P<0.05). The inferior mediastinal lymph node metastasis probability of AEG patients with the length of esophageal invasion >3 cm and ≤4 cm was 9.47 times that of AEG patients with the length of esophageal invasion ≤1 cm. (3) Regularity of inferior mediastinal lymph node metastasis in Siewert type Ⅱ and Ⅲ AEG. The number of inferior mediastinal lymph nodes including No.110, No.111 and No.112 dissected in 185 patients of Siewert type Ⅱ and Ⅲ AEG were 127, 50 and 27. The number of lymph nodes dissected and the number of metastatic lymph nodes in No.110 and No.111 of patients with length of esophageal invasion ≤1 cm, >1 cm and ≤2 cm, >2 cm and ≤3 cm, >3 cm and ≤4 cm were 69, 4, 42, 4, 4, 1, 12, 4 and 23, 0, 17, 0, 7, 2, 3, 0, respectively. There were significant differences in metastatic lymph nodes in No.110 and No.111 of patients with length of esophageal invasion ≤1 cm, >1 cm and ≤2 cm, >2 cm and ≤3 cm, >3 cm and ≤4 cm ( χ2=8.45, 7.30, P<0.05). Of the 185 patients of Siewert type Ⅱ and Ⅲ AEG, the ratio of cases with inferior mediastinal lymph nodes metastasis was 6.49%(12/185). The ratio of inferior mediastinal lymph nodes metastasis in cases with length of esophageal invasion ≤1 cm, >1 cm and ≤2 cm, >2 cm and ≤3 cm, >3 cm and ≤4 cm were 3.81%(4/105), 6.12%(3/49), 10.00%(2/20), 27.27%(3/11), respectively. The ratio of No.110 lymph nodes metastasis in cases with length of esophageal invasion ≤1 cm, >1 cm and ≤2 cm, >2 cm and ≤3 cm, >3 cm and ≤4 cm were 2.86%(3/105), 6.12%(3/49), 5.00%(1/20), 27.27%(3/11), respectively, showing a significant difference among them ( χ2=8.26, P<0.05). Conclusions:Depth of tumor invasion and length of esophageal invasion are independent influening factors affecting inferior mediastinal lymph node metastasis in Siewert type Ⅱ and Ⅲ AEG. The rate of inferior mediastinal lymph node metastasis increases with the increase of the length of esophageal invasion.

Objective:To observe the thickness distribution of retina outer nuclear layer (ONL) by directional optical coherence tomography (D-OCT), and analyze variation of ONL thickness with age, gender and anatomical location.Methods:Cross sectional observational study. From August 2017 to January 2019, the patients were included who had no abnormal eyes in Beijing Tongren Hospital, and healthy volunteers were included in the study. Cirrus HD-OCT 5-line single line scanning mode was used to scan the macular area horizontally and vertically. The pupil diameter of all the tested eyes was more than 6 mm. The protocol was approved by The Medical College of Wisconsin Institutional Review Board. The detection light was incident on the temporal, nasal, upper and lower sides about 1.5 to 2.0 mm away from the pupil center to obtain an image that was oblique and clearly showed the Henle fiber layer (HFL). The upper and lower bounds of HFL and external limiting membrane (ELM) were manually labeled. The thickness of ONL and HFL+ONL were measured and recorded at 150 μm intervals on the horizontal and vertical radial lines with the fovea as the midpoint. The thickness of ONL in different anatomic location, ages and genders were compared. The influence of age and gender on ONL were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and independent sample t test respectively.Results:67 eyes of 67 subjects were enrolled. Among them, the mean age of 27 males (27 eyes) and 40 females (40 eyes) was 38.48±15.33 and 40.98±17.78 years respectively without significantly statistical difference ( t=-0.582, P=0.562). The total mean age was 39.97±16.98 years old. There were 11, 22, 22 and 12 patients aged less than 20, 20-39, 40-59 and over 60 years old respectively, according which they were divided into A, B, C and D groups. According to the anatomical location, the thickness of the ONL reached a maximum in the foveola, and then decreased as the eccentricity increased. Horizontally, ONL/ONL+HFL reached the minimum as 36.1% at 0.90 mm on the nasal side, while the minimum was 38.3% at 0.75 mm on the temporal side. Vertically, ONL/ONL+HFL reached the minimum as 36.2% at 0.75 mm inferiorly and 35.6% at 0.9 mm superiorly. There was no significant difference in the ONL thickness of fovea between group A, B,C and D ( P>0.05), however, a significant difference was among the four groups in the parafoveal and the perifovea ( P <0.05). The ONL thickness of the male was larger than that of the female, and the differences between them in parafoveal and perifovea showed statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Normal people had the thickest ONL in the fovea. While the location is farther from the fovea, the ONL is thinner. The thickness of ONL in parafovea and perifovea is gradually thin with incerase of age. The thickness of ONL in the male is thicker than that in the female.