In order to investigate the occurrence of chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection in HB vaccine inoculated infants born to HBsAg positive mothers and its affecting factors and also to study the effect of combined use of HB immunoglobulin (HBIG) and HB vaccine on the blocking of perinatal transmission of HBV, we divided 624 infants born to HBsAg positive mothers into two groups randomly. The first group of infants were simply vaccinated with HB vaccine 20μg at,0, 1, 6 months old. The second group of infants were inoculated with HBIG 100 IU at their birth and further vaccinated with HB vaccine 20μg at 1,2,7 months old. The HBsAg of the two groups of infants was tested at the age of 1,3,6,12,18,24 months old and every year by EIA. They were all followed up for 6.34±1.71 years averagely. The follow-up results showed that there were 89 childeren infected chronically by HBV, among them 82% appeared to be HBsAg positive, firstly seen before the age of 6 months mainly attributing to uterus infection. The HBV chronic infection rate of infants born to HBsAg, HBeAg positive mothers (HB vaccine immunized, 24.5%; HBIG+HB vaccine, 10.6%, P<0.005) was higher than that of infants born to HBsAg positive mothers (HB vaccine immunized, 10.7%; HBIG+HB vaccine 3.8%, P<0.025). Moreover, the chronicity rate of the infants whose HBsAg firstly appeared within 6　　months and were born to HBsAg, HBeAg positive mothers was higher than that of the infants born to HBsAg positive months (68%,40% respertively in HB vaccine inoculated group, P<0.025). Infants immunized combinely with HBIG and HB vaccine had their chronic HBV infection decreased from 17.6% to 5.0% at l year old as compared with that of HB vaccine inoculated infants. The total chronic HBV infection rate in children born to HBsAg, HBeAg positive mothers decreased from 24.5% to 10.6% (P<0.005) and that in children born to HBsAg positive mothers decreased from 10.7% to 3.8% (P<0.025). The HBV chronicity rate of HBsAg positive infants born to HBsAg, HBeAg positive mothers also decreased and that of infants born with HBsAg negative, but became positive after 1-6 months decreased from 40.9% to 0% (P=0.0315). The HBsAg seronegative conversion rate in l month old infants born to HBsAg positive mothers increased from 26.4% to 58.8% (P<0.025). All these data indicated that infants born to HBsAg positive mothers, though had been HB vaccine immunized, still had chronic infection, that was chiefly due to chronic uterus infection by HBV. The single use of HB vaccine can not completely block the uterus infection of HBV, but when combinatively used with HBIG, the blocking effect is more efficient, the chronicity of HBV infection also can be avoided.

Objective To investigate the mRNA response of type1 and type2 cytokines in immunization failure children who were infected hepatitis B virus (HBV) via placenta from HBV carrier mothers. Methods All subjects were born to HBV carrier mothers and received hepatitis B immunoprophylaxis treatment according to routine schedule. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-?) transcription of peripheral blood mononuclear cells upon lectins or two-doses of HBsAg from 29 children with persistent HBV infection since birth (Nonresponders), 9 with transient HBV infection at birth and at less than 6 month of age (Responders) were analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. 25 children with positive anti-HBs response and never positive HBsAg were used as controls. Results Nonresponders expressed a marked higher spontaneous IFN-? mRNA transcription than controls (95% confidence interval is 1665～3089 in nonresponders,763～1609 in controls, P=0.008). Upon two doses of HBsAg stimulation, all three groups expressed a higher IFN-? mRNA transcription than spontaneous transcription, but the increase in nonresponders is lower than controls (95% confidence interval by low dose of HBsAg is 899～1703 in controls, 170～854 in nonresponders,P=0.004). The responders expressed a significant increase of IL-4 mRNA transcription upon high-dose HBsAg stimulation but not in nonresponders (95% confidence interval of the increase in controls is 213～861, P=0.011). Positive correlations were found between ALT level and the IFN-? mRNA transcription upon lectins stimulation and between ALT level and IFN-? mRNA/IL-4 mRNA ratio upon high-dose HBsAg stimulation.Conclusions Low responses of type 1 and type 2 cytokines transcription upon specific stimulation exist in intrauteral infected hepatitis B immunization failure children, and the over response of type 1 cytokine upon nonspecific stimulation may contribute to the liver injury in nonresponders.

Objective To propose prevention and management of vascular crisis according to cause analysis, and improve the survival rate of digital replantation. Methods The vascular crisis of 132 digits of 98 cases were observed during intraoperative. The replantation was performed under different time and different conditions. The causes of vascular crisis, and propose effective prevention and management of vascular crisis were restrospective analysis. Results From March 2006 to June 2007, 35 amputated digits occurred vascular crisis during intraoperative, 19 amputated digits occurred during postoperative. After using warm physiological saline and injecting the papaverine partly, we proceed operations research with regard to the non-catabatic amputated digits. As result 58 digits survived, the achievement ratio was 89.2%. From July 2007 to March 2009, 10 amputated digits occurred vascular crisis during intraoperative,5 amputated digits occurred during postoperative. After non-surgical treatment, we performed operations research regard to the non-catabatic amputated digits. After blood supply recover, we imbed PCA pump into flex tendinous sheath to avoid the occurrence of vascular crisis postoperative. As result 66 digits survived, the achievement ratio was 98.5%. postoperative 9 cases out of fullow-up, 89 cases follow up ranged from 6 to 8 months. Recovery of the hand function was good. Conclusion Good and adequate anesthetic and an appropriate ambient temperature during operation are important factors to prevent occurrence of vascular crisis in digital replantation. Paying enough attention to these factors can effectively improve the survival rate of replantatian.

Objective To observe angiogenic effect of platelet-released growth factors (PRGF) from platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on mierovessel formation at early stage after anterior crueiate ligament (ACL) reconstruction by freeze-dried Achilles tendon. Methods The study involved 14 rabbits, of which 12 rabbits were used as experiment group and the other 2 as control group. In the experiment group, after two sides of rabbit ACL were removed, freeze-dried Achilles tendon treated by PRGF was transplanted into random one side of the knee to substitute the original ACL (PRGF group), while the other side was transplanted with freeze-dried Achilles tendon treated only by normal saline (NS group). Only one side of the knee was removed in the control group. The grafts were observed by HE and immuno- histeehemical staining 2, 4 and 6 weeks after operation. Microvessel density (MVD) was measured by Weidner method. Results Compared with NS group, MVD in PRGF group was significant higher at 2,4 and 6 weeks after operation (P<0.05). MVD of NS group at 2,4 and 6 weeks after operation was 2.52±0.45, 3.41±0.44 and 2.57±0.51 respectively, but that of PRGF group at 2,4 and 6 weeks af- ter operation was 3.56±0.81,4.91±0.46 and 3.01±0.75 respectively (P<0.05). The time of neo- vascular formation and the depth of vascular penetration into the grafts of the PRGF group were superior to those of NS group. Conclusion PRGF can significantly promote microvessel formation at early stage after ACL reconstruction with freeze-dried Achilles tendon.

Objective To observe the effect of platelet-rich plasma(PRP)gel on tendon-bone healing following tendon allograft reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL).Methods Bilateral ACL reconstructions using Achilles tendon allografts were performed in 24 New Zealand white rabbits matured skeletally.One knee joint was pretreated with the allograft PRP gel(served as experimental group),while the contralateral knee joint was free from treatment with PRP(served as control group).The reconstructions were assessed histologically,immunohistochemically and biomechanically at 2,6 and 12 weeks.Results At 2 and 6 weeks,Burak scores of experimental group were higher than control group.At 12 weeks,the grafts showed a mature zone of fibrocartilage in experimental group but mature scar tissues on the tendon-bone surface.Immunohistochemistry demonstrated early higher expression of VEGF in experimental group than control group and continually higher expression of TGF-β1 in experimental than control group.In contrast,the grafts of the controls group revealed the development of mature scar tissue resembling Sharpey fibers spanning the tendon-bone interface.At 2 and 6 weeks,the biomechanical analysis revealed the limit load of(15.3±2.9)N and(33.2±6.9)N respectively in experimental group,which were significantly higher than(7.9±1.4)N and(23.7±4.9)N in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Application of PRP is the potential means to enhance the earlier healing of the allograft tendon-bone.

In order to probe into the peripheral mechanism of exercise-induced low level of serum testosterone and to explore an effective Chinese medicine compound for ameliorating this serious situation, a rat model of intensive swimming training was conducted, and the ultrastructure of testis in rats and the effects of Chinese medicine compound on this were studied with morphometry. Results showed that the volume of lipid droplets in rat testicular Leydig cells decreased after long term endurance training,which may be one of the causes of exercise-induced low level of serum testosterone; however, the administration of traditional Chinese medicine compound for invigorating qi and tonifying the kidney could improve the transportation of cholesterol and recovery of the testosterone level in serum.

Objective: We performed a randomized double-blind study in distance runners to investigate the possible biological effects of daily consumption of soybean peptides. Methods: Twenty-one trained male distance runners, randomly divided into three groups: control group (C,n=7), carbohydrate supplementation group (CS, n=6) and soybean peptides supplementation group (SP,n=8), took part in the study.Their hormonal and serum metabolic profile was examined in a 4-week program of strenuous training. Daily training (4～6 hours per day, endurance and strength), food and medication were similar for all athletes. Group SP received a soy sports beverage supplement containing 8g soybean peptides and 35g carbohydrate once a day. Group CS received a sport drink containing 35g carbohydrate. Group C supplemented a placebo identical in appearance and flavor. Body weight, lean body mass, RPE, serum total testosterone, blood urea, hemogram, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and immunoglobulins were measured before, during and after the 4-week training program. Results: Data demonstrated that Group SP had an increase in body weight, especially in lean body mass and cyclic total testosterone level (P

Objective: To investigate the effects of soy hydrolysed peptides supplementation on small intestinal morphology and nitrogen absorption in rats,and illustrate the characteristic of absorption on soy hydro? lysed peptides supplementation in small intestinal. Methods: 30 male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: Placebo group (water supplemented, Pla group); Isolated soy protein-supplemented group (Pro group); Soy hydrolysed peptides-supplemented group (Pep group). After one week meals adaptation, Metabolic test had done, small intestinal morphology, and the activity of aminopeptidase were determined. Results: (2) The content of intestinal epithelial protein in Pep group increased 48.60% than Pro group, and increased 91.37% than Pla group (P

Objective To explore the feasibility and clinical resuhs of the tension skin flap of the pedicle of distally based skin flap or reverse-flow island flap. Methods Nine cases were repaired using reversed island flap pedicled with cutaneous branches of medial supramalleolar of posterior tibial artery in clinic,2 cases using distally based skin flap pedicled with the medial perforator of the posterior tibial artery,8 cases using reversalisland flap of peroneal artery lateral mulleolus skin perfarator 4 cases using reversed island flap pedicled with superficial peroneal nerve and its nutrient vessels. 3 cases using distally based sural neurocutaneous flap,and 2 cases using reversed island flap pedicled with dorsal fascia of hand.The area of the tension flap was 1.0 cm×1.0 cm to 5.0 am×3.5 cm. Results All the flaps completely survived.On the postoperative years follow-up,the texture of the flap was excellent,and primary healing was obtained at the donor site. Conclusion It's effective to design at the pedicle of the distally based flap or reversed island flap a tension skin flap,which can prevent the vessels from compressing or destroying.

Objective To compare the influence of different feeding mode on the immunoprophylaxis efficacy of the babies born to hepatitis B (HB) carrier mothers. Methods The babies born to HB carrier mothers received HB vaccine alone routinely or HB immunoglobulin (HBIG) plus HB vaccine immunoprophylaxis were followed up. Among infants with HB vaccine alone, 21 were breastfed and 40 bottle-fed, among those with HBIG and HB vaccine, 33 were breastfed and 135 bottle-fed. Results Among babies receiving HB vaccine alone, the positive rates of anti-HBs at 1,3,6,12 month of age are 4.8%, 42.9%, 57.9%, 80.9% in breastfed group, and 12.2%, 26.3%, 60.5%, 73.2% in bottle-fed group. Among those with HBIG and HB vaccine, the positive rates of anti-HBs at 1, 4, 7, 12 month of age are 72.7%,75.8%,77.4%,90.9% in breastfed group, and 77.0%, 72.9%,76.2%,90.4% in bottle-fed group. With HB vaccine alone, 1 infant in breastfed group and 3 in bottle-fed group, and with HBIG and HB vaccine, 0 in breastfed group and 4 in bottle-fed group were chronically infected at 1-year of age. There are no significant differences of the incidence of anti-HBs and immunoprophylaxis failure between breastfed and bottle-fed babies. Conclusion Breastfeeding doesn't pose a negative influence on the response of anti-HBs and the failure rates of the HB immunoprophylaxis in the infants born to HB carrier mothers