A sensitive chemiluminescence(CL) method was developed for determining melamine in urine and plasma samples based on the fact that melamine can remarkably enhance the chemiluminescence of Luminol-K3 Fe(CN)6 system in alkaline medium.The determination conditions were optimized.Under optimum conditions,the chemiluminescence intensity had a good linear relationship with melamine in the range of 9.0 × 10 97.0 × 10 6 g/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992.The detection limits (3σ) were 3.54 ng/mL for urine sample and 6.58 ng/mL for plasma sample.The average recoveries of melamine were 102.6％ for urine sample and 95.1％ for plasma sample.Melamine in samples was extracted with liquid-liquid extraction procedures and the assay results coincided very well with that determined with flow injection chemiluminescence method.The method provides a reproducible and stable approach for sensitive detection and quantification of melamine in urine and plasma samples.

A sensitive chemiluminescence（CL） method was developed for determining melamine in urine and plasma samples based on the fact that melamine can remarkably enhance the chemiluminescence of Luminol-K3 Fe（CN）6 system in alkaline medium. The determination conditions were optimized. Under optimum conditions, the chemiluminescence intensity had a good linear relationship with melamine in the range of 9.0 × 10^-9 - 7.0 × 10^-6 g/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0. 9992. The detection limits （3o） were 3.54 ng/mL for urine sample and 6.58 ng/mL for plasma sample. The average recoveries of melamine were 102.6% for urine sample and 95.1% for plasma sample. Melamine in samples was extracted with liquid-liquid extraction procedures and the assay results coincided very well with that determined with flow injection chemiluminescence method. The method provides a reproducible and stable approach for sensitive detection and quantification of melamine in urine and plasma samples.

Poly-amino-acid is one of the polymers with good biocompatibility. It has a special use in the field of controlled release drug.In this article are reviewed the types, modification,dosage forms,structure and biocompatility of poly-amino-acid.

Objective: To understand the current status and influencing factors of attempts to e cigarettes use among Macao teenager, and to provide evidence for strategies to prevent and control the use of e cigarettes among teenager. Methods: Research data was 2 683 valid questionnaires collected from the "Macao Youth Tobacco Use Survey 2021", representing 19 480 teenagers from grade 1 to 4 in junior middle schools in Macao after sample weighting. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors that may influencing attempts to e cigarettes use. Results: The total percent of attempt using e cigarettes was 11.3%(95% C =10.2%-12.6%), and male(12.1%) was higher than female(10.5%), the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2= 11.01 , P <0.01). Older adolescents (14-16, ≥17 years old), having more pocket money per week, believing e cigarettes to be less harmful, having been taught about the hazards of e cigarettes within 12 months, definitely believing that e cigarettes maked teenager more attractive, having been exposed to second hand smoke at home within 7 days, having seen tobacco advertisements on the Internet within 30 days, smoking by either parent, smoking among best friends were positively associated with attempts to e cigarettes use ( OR=1.48, 3.01, 1.79, 1.34, 1.67, 1.27, 1.33, 1.34, 1.58, 3.53, P <0.01). Conclusion Attempts to e cigarettes use is common among Macao teenagers, and there are many complex influencing factors. It is recommended to strengthen whole society cooperation and promote the prevention and control of teenager s use of e cigarettes through more targeted comprehensive measures.

ObjectiveTo investigate the condition of infants with urolithiasis caused by melaminetainted powdered formula at one-year follow-up. Methods Eighty-one young children with melamine-induced urolithiasis were followed up,which included urinalysis,renal-function tests,urinary tests for biochemical markers of renal glomerular and tubular function,and ultrasonography.Eighty-one age-matched healthy infants without exposure to melamine-contaminated formulas were enrolled as controls. Results Fifty-one of the patients were male and 30 female,with a mean age of 26 months (range 13 -48 months).The 81 children were divided into 2 groups according to treatment protocols.Group 1 received conservative treatment ( n =54 ) and Group 2 received surgical treatment ( n =27 ).In Group 1,3 patients (5.6％) had stone-residual:1 girl had calculus of 0.4 cm in diameter in the left kidney and 2 girls had calculus of 0.3 cm in diameter in the right kidney.In Group 2,2 patients (7.4％) had stone-residual,1 boy had crystallization of 0.2 cm in diameter in the right kidney and 1 boy had calculus of 1.5 cm in diameter in the left kidney,positive stone was confirmed by X-ray and accepted percutaneous nephrolithotomy.Urinary microalbumin levels were significantly increased in the children with melamine-induced urolithiasis compared with the control group (P ＜0.01 ).Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were within the normal range with no significant difference between the 2 groups. ConclusionsAt one-year follow-up most of the children exposed to melamine-tainted infant formula in both treatment groups had returned to a healthy state,suggesting a satisfactory outcome for both treatment options.However,surgery is recommended in patients with stoneresidual ＞ 10 mm.

Objective To investigate the effects of cholesterol-lowering agents on the proliferation, stemness characters, migration, invasion, and neutrophil extracellular traps formation (NETs) formation in liver cancer cells. Methods ASPP2 or HMGCR gene was knocked down in mouse liver cancer cell Hepa1-6 to establish cells with high or low cholesterol, respectively. Simvastatin and berberine were used to reduce cholesterol synthesis. CCK-8 and plate cloning assays were conducted to detect the proliferation ability of liver cancer cells. Sphere formation assay and qRT-PCR were used to analyze the stemness character and expression of related genes. Wound-healing assay and Transwell assay were used to analyze the ability of cell migration and invasion. Immunofluorescence staining was carried out to analyze the effect of lipid-lowering agent on NETs formation. Results Cholesterol-lowering agents significantly inhibited the proliferation and stemness-related gene expression of Hepa1-6 cells (P < 0.001), significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of Hepa1-6 cells (P < 0.001), and significantly inhibited the neutrophil-induced invasion and formation of NETs (P < 0.001). Conclusion Cholesterol-lowering agents suppress the proliferation and invasion via inhibiting the stemness characters and NETs formation in liver cancer cells. It is a potential strategy for the treatment of liver cancer metastasis.

Objective To investigate the effect of Osthole on memory function of sleep deprivation(SD) mice. Methods Forty-eight male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups;normal control group(NC group ), large platform control group(TC group),sleep deprivation group(M group)and Osthole group(Ost group). The model of SD in mice was estabished by using improved multi platform method. The ability of learning and memory was tested by using Morris water maze test and pathological changes of hippocampal neurons in mice were observed by HE staining. The serum,hippcampus malondialdehyde(MDA)contents and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity, so as the hippocampus No content,were detected. Results Compared with NC group and TC group,the escape la-tency of M group increased significiantly and the number of crossing platform decreased significantly. There were in-creased levels hippocampus tissue,serum MDA level,hippocampal SOD activity and NO content. After supplemen-tation of Osthole,the escape latency significantly shortened in mice. The number of crossing platform was increased while the contents of MDA both in hippocampus and serum were decreased,and the SOD activity in hippocampus re-turned to normal. However,the level of NO in hippocampus was not decreased. Conclusion Osthole can protect the memory function of SD mice by reducing the the damage of hippocampal neurons through antioxidant stress.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of sitagliptin on the proliferation,apoptosis,in-flammation,and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells(hPDLSCs)in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammatory microenvironment and its molecular mechanism.Methods hPDLSCs were cultured in vitro and treated with different concentrations of sitagliptin to detect cell viability and subsequently determine the exper-imental concentration of sitagliptin.An hPDLSCs inflammation model was established after 24 h of stimulation with 1 μg/mL LPS and divided into blank,control,low-concentration sitagliptin(0.5 μmol/L),medium-concentration sita-gliptin(1 μmol/L),and high-concentration sitagliptin(2 μmol/L),high-concentrationsitagliptin+stromal cell derived factor-1(SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4)pathway inhibitor(AMD3100)(2 μmol/L+10 μg/mL)groups.A cell-counting kit-8 was used to detect the proliferation activity of hPDLSCs after 24,48,and 72 h culture.The apoptosis of hPDLSCs cultured for 72 h was detected by flow cytometry.After inducing osteogenic differentiation for 21 days,alizarin red staining was used to detect the osteogenic differentiation ability of hPDLSCs.The alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity in hPDLSCs was determined using a kit.The levels of inflammatory factors[tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-1β,and IL-6]in the supernatant of hPDLSCs culture were detected by enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay.The mRNA expressions of osteogenic differentiation genes[Runt-associated transcription factor 2(RUNX2),osteocalcin(OCN),osteopontin(OPN)],SDF-1 and CXCR4 in hPDLSCs were detected by real-time fluores-cence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).Western blot analysis was used to determine SDF-1 and CX-CR4 protein expression in hPDLSCs.Results Compared with the blank group,the proliferative activity,number of mineralized nodules,staining intensity,ALP activity,and RUNX2,OCN,OPN mRNA,SDF-1,and CXCR4 mRNA and protein expression levels of hPDLSCs in the control group significantly decreased.The apoptosis rate and levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the proliferative activity,number of mineralized nodule,staining intensity,ALP activity,and RUNX2,OCN,OPN mRNA,SDF-1,and CXCR4 mRNA and protein expression levels of hPDLSCs in low-,medium-,and high-concentration sitagliptin groups in-creased.The apoptosis rate and levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 decreased(P<0.05).AMD3100 partially reversed the effect of high-concentration sitagliptin on LPS-induced hPDLSCs(P<0.05).Conclusion Sitagliptin may promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs in LPS-induced inflammatory microenvironment by activating the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway.Furthermore,it inhibited the apoptosis and inflammatory response of hPDLSCs.

Sepsis is a life-threatening multiple organ dysfunction disease with high mortality and has become leading causes of death affecting intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Both long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) are involved in the pathophysiological process of sepsis and can regulate the inflammatory response, both of which could be used as important diagnostic indicators and therapeutic targets of sepsis. The interaction among lncRNA, miRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) plays an important role in sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction. This paper reviewed the regulatory relationship of lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA, as well as the regulatory role of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis in inflammatory immune response and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in sepsis, to provide new targets and strategies for the treatment of sepsis and organ dysfunction.

Objective:To investigate the cleaning status of silicone oil attached ophthalmic surgical instruments in China, so as to provide reference and suggestions for the standard cleaning process of silicone oil attached ophthalmic surgical instruments.Methods:61 hospitals in 22 provinces (regions, municipality) in China were selected as the objects of investigation. The on-site treatment, pretreatment and routine cleaning of silicone oil attached ophthalmic surgical instruments were investigated by questionnaire from November 2019 to January 2020.Results:18.033% (11/61) hospitals had mixed silicone oil attached ophthalmic surgical instruments and other instruments intraoperatively, 11.475% (7/61) hospitals didn′t wipe silicone oil and other visible contaminants postoperatively. 18.033% (11/61) hospitals didn′t carry out pretreatment and 4.000% (2/50) hospitals used saline as pretreatment solution; 54.098% (33/61) hospitals were involved in ultrasonic cleaning. 32.787% (20/61) hospitals had water temperature 31-37 ℃ and 4.918% (3/61) hospitals had water temperature>37 ℃during the cleaning process; During pretreatment and routine cleaning, 38.000% (19/50) hospitals and 54.902% (28/51) hospitals selected enzymatic detergent respectively, the contact time between instruments and detergent in specialized hospital was more standardized than that in general hospital ( P<0.001); In flushing, rinsing and final rinsing, there were 29.412% (15/51) hospitals, 11.765% (6/51) hospitals and 3.922% (2/51) hospitals used water that didn′t meet the requirements. 17.647% (9/51) hospitals, 13.725% (7/51) hospitals and 13.725% (7/51) hospitals didn′t record the time of flushing, rinsing and final rinsing. Conclusions:There are still some problems in the cleaning of silicone oil attached ophthalmic surgical instruments in specialized and general hospitals, such as no on-site treatment and pretreatment, improper control of cleaning parameters, and difficulty in ensuring water quality and water time. It is necessary to formulate the cleaning process specification of silicone oil attached ophthalmic surgical instruments as soon as possible to ensure the cleaning quality and avoid the occurrence of postoperative eye complications.