A sensitive chemiluminescence(CL) method was developed for determining melamine in urine and plasma samples based on the fact that melamine can remarkably enhance the chemiluminescence of Luminol-K3 Fe(CN)6 system in alkaline medium.The determination conditions were optimized.Under optimum conditions,the chemiluminescence intensity had a good linear relationship with melamine in the range of 9.0 × 10 97.0 × 10 6 g/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992.The detection limits (3σ) were 3.54 ng/mL for urine sample and 6.58 ng/mL for plasma sample.The average recoveries of melamine were 102.6％ for urine sample and 95.1％ for plasma sample.Melamine in samples was extracted with liquid-liquid extraction procedures and the assay results coincided very well with that determined with flow injection chemiluminescence method.The method provides a reproducible and stable approach for sensitive detection and quantification of melamine in urine and plasma samples.

A sensitive chemiluminescence（CL） method was developed for determining melamine in urine and plasma samples based on the fact that melamine can remarkably enhance the chemiluminescence of Luminol-K3 Fe（CN）6 system in alkaline medium. The determination conditions were optimized. Under optimum conditions, the chemiluminescence intensity had a good linear relationship with melamine in the range of 9.0 × 10^-9 - 7.0 × 10^-6 g/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0. 9992. The detection limits （3o） were 3.54 ng/mL for urine sample and 6.58 ng/mL for plasma sample. The average recoveries of melamine were 102.6% for urine sample and 95.1% for plasma sample. Melamine in samples was extracted with liquid-liquid extraction procedures and the assay results coincided very well with that determined with flow injection chemiluminescence method. The method provides a reproducible and stable approach for sensitive detection and quantification of melamine in urine and plasma samples.

Spasmolytic polypeptide expressing metaplasia(SPEM)is a kind of metaplasia of gastric mucosa.There are three hypotheses of its origin,including chief cell transdifferentiation,stem cell differentiation,and pre-SPEM hypotheses.Currently,animal models are commonly used for the mechanism research.According to results of the researches,SPEM plays a role in the repair of gastric mucosal damage,Helicobacter pylori infection and the development of gastric cancer.This paper provides an overview of the above issues and the multiple ways of modeling the SPEM.

Logistic regression is a kind of multiple regression method to analyze the relationship between a binary outcome or categorical outcome and multiple influencing factors, including multiple logistic regression, conditional logistic regression, polytomous logistic regression, ordinal logistic regression and adjacent categorical logistic regression. This paper illustrates the basic principle, independent variable selection and assignment, applied condition, model evaluation and diagnosis for multiple logistic regression model. Moreover, the principle and application for polytomous logistic regression and ordinal logistic regression models were also introduced. By providing SAS codes and detailed explanations of the result for an example of obesity, readers could be able to better understand logistic regression model, and apply this method correctly to their research and daily work, so as to improve their capacity of the data analysis.

Glutamate serves as a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system and is stored in synaptic deft by an uptake system that is dependent on the high-affinity glutamate transporters (ETTAs),which locate in the plasma membrane of glial cells and neurons.ETTAs can rapidly terminate the action of glutamate and maintain its normal physiological functions.If the content or function of glutamate transporters is abnormal,it can result in many physiological dysfunctions.Studies have demonstrated that high-affinity glutamate transporters play an important role in the development of chronic pain,which might be a new therapeutic target for the pain.

BACKGROUND:Current studies have shown that electronic moxibustion can improve memory function in amnestic mild cognitive impairment;however,its mechanism of action needs to be further investigated.The atrophy of hippocampal volume and impairment of functional connectivity are important imaging markers of amnestic mild cognitive impairment.Whether electronic moxibustion can regulate the volume of hippocampal subregion of partients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment is worth studying. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of electronic moxibustion on the volume of hippocampal subregions in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. METHODS:Forty patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment were recruited from April 1,2018 to January 31,2019 at the community service centers around the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University(Baoan Hospital of Southern Medical University),Shenzhen,China.They were randomly divided into treatment group(n=20)and control group(n=20).The treatment group was treated with electronic moxibustion of regulating the mind and benefiting the intelligence,while the control group was treated with placebo moxibustion.Moxibustion was given at 45 oC,20 minutes each time,once a day,5 times a week,for 8 weeks in total.Memory evaluation using Rivermead behavioral memory test and magnetic resonance imaging scanning for detecting the hippocampal subregion volume were performed for each patient before and after treatment,and cognitive function of each patient was assessed using Montreal cognitive assessment and mini-mental state examination.Correlation of hippocampal subregion volumes with scores on each scale was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After treatment,the volumes of the left parasubiculum and the left hippocampal-amygdala migrating area increased in the treatment group but decreased in the control group,and there was a significant difference between the two groups(P＜0.05).Compared with the pre-treatment data,the Rivermead behavioral memory test,Montreal cognitive assessment,and mini-mental state examination scores were significantly higher in the treatment group after treatment(P＜0.05),while there was no significant change in the three scale scores in the control group after treatment(P＞0.05).The three scale scores were higher in the treatment group than in the control group after treatment(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the changes in the volume of the left parasubiculum was significantly and positively correlated with the Rivermead behavioral memory test scale score in the treatment group(r=0.418,P=0.014).To conclude,electronic moxibustion can improve memory in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment,and the mechanism may be the regulation of structural plasticity in hippocampal subregions.

Objective To investigate the density seasonal fluctuation and insecticide resistance of Anopheles sinensis in the Taibai Lake area and to provide a scientific basis for formulation of Anopheles sinensis control strategy.Methods The surveillance was carried out from June to October in 2013-2016.The adult mosquito density was monitored using human bait trapping method.WHO bioassay method was used to measure the sensibility of mosquitoes to insecticides.Results In 2013-2016,totally 2 318 Anopheles sinensis were captured,the Anopheles sinensis peaked in late July till early August,which were 67-127,317-386,77-89,107-139,respectively.Anopheles sinensis showed high resistance to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane,malathion,and initial resistance to propoxur and deltamethrin (mortality ratio:38.10％,41.82％,86.11％,83.02％).Conclusions The Taibai Lake area has a diverse Anopheles sinensis population,its seasonal fluctuations and insecticide resistance monitoring can provide effective guidance for malaria control.In order to prevent the development of resistance to the insecticides,integrated management measures should be adopted in the future.

Interrupted time series (ITS) is a statistical method for the quasi-experimental design specific to the outcome of time series, in which the effectiveness of an intervening measure is evaluated by examining change in slope and immediate change in level. The key feature of ITS is that the secular trend of time series prior to the intervention can be effectively controlled so as to accurately estimate the intervention effect. The design principle and statistical method for ITS were illustrated by an example of evaluating halving policy for the expert registration fee in the general hospital of a city. The segmented linear regression was used to fit the above time series data and the results were explained in detail. Meanwhile, the study design and model fitting along with explanations of the results with respect to the effects of two types of successive interventions and on different time-points of an intervention were illustrated as well in this paper. The existed upward or downward trend should be taken into account in order to accurately estimate the intervention effect as it exists in most of the public health surveillance data. Two parameters, known as change in slope and immediate change in level, were employed to evaluate the effect of the intervention. The ITS analysis can be widely applied to the program evaluation as it could enrich methods of the evaluation compared to the traditional model of the program evaluation.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical efficacy and safety of Qifu Yixin prescription in treating chronic heart failure in the patients with the syndrome of heart Qi deficiency， so as to provide clinical evidence for the treatment of chronic heart failure with this prescription and promote the clinical application and transformation of this prescription. MethodA total of 106 chronic heart failure patients with the syndrome of heart Qi deficiency who met the criteria in Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） from September 2022 to May 2023 were selected and randomized into an observation group （53 cases） and a control group （53 cases）. Both groups received routine Western medicine treatment. In addition， the observation group received Qifu Yixin prescription， while the control group received placebo. The treatment course for both groups was 12 weeks. The New York heart association （NYHA） cardiac function grading， N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP）， soluble growth-stimulating expression gene 2 （sST2）， left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）， the ratio of early diastolic maximum mitral flow velocity （E） to early diastolic mitral annular motion velocity （e'） （E/e'）， left ventricular end diastolic diameter （LVEDD）， TCM syndrome scores， 6-minute walking test （6MWT）， Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire （MLHFQ）， and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire （KCCQ） were determined before and after treatment. ResultFinally， 102 patients were included for analysis， including 51 patients in the observation group and 51 patients in the control group. After treatment， 42 patients in the observation group showed improved cardiac function grading， with a total response rate of 82.35%， and 32 patients in the control group showed improved cardiac function grading， with a total response rate of 62.75%. The total response rate regarding the cardiac function in the observation group was higher than that in the control group （χ²=4.923， P<0.05）. The observation group outperformed the control group in lowering the NT-proBNP level， elevating LVEF， decreasing the E/e' ratio （P<0.05）， reducing LVEDD and sST2 levels， and recovering TCM syndrome score， 6MWT score， MLHFQ score， and KCCQ score （P<0.05）. None of the safety indexes in the two groups showed abnormal values before and after treatment， and no serious adverse reaction was observed. ConclusionQifu Yixin prescription can improve the heart function， exercise tolerance， and quality of life and alleviate the TCM syndrome of the chronic heart failure patients with the syndrome of heart Qi deficiency by inhibiting myocardial fibrosis.