Objective To explore the clinico-pathological features, immunophenotype, treatment and prognosis of urologic primary primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). Methods The clinical data of 3 patients with urologic PNET were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were male, aged 29, 32 and 75 years respectively. Two of the lesions were located in the kidney, and the third was located in the bladder. The sizes of renal tumors were 7.7 cm×6.2 cm and 12.6 cm×9.4 cm respectively. Imaging examinations revealed a well-defined mass with inhomogeneous echo inside. The size of bladder tumor was 10.0 cm×10.0 cm. CT scan demonstrated irregular thickening of the bladder wall, and the density of the wall was inhomogeneous. In the 2 cases of renal PNET radical surgery was performed, while an emergency palliative surgery to remove a blood clot and biopsy were performed in the bladder PNET case. Results In light microscope, the tumors were characterized by uniform small round or oval cells and nest-like or dense sheet structures surrounded by sparse fibrovascular stroma. Homer-Wright rosettes or pseudorosettes were observed, as well as mitoses. Immunohistochemical study revealed that all cases showed positive staining for CD99, synaptophysin and vimentin. One of the renal tumor cells showed positive for CD56, and the other renal tumor and urocystic tumor cells were focally positive for chromogranin A. Additionally, in 1 of the cases of renal tumor there was a high positive rate of 80% for Ki67 staining while the other case showed less than 5%. All 3 cases were eventually diagnosed as PNET. The first renal tumor case was not treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy postoperatively, and the patient died of recurrence 14 months after surgery. Both the second renal tumor case and the bladder tumor case underwent chemotherapy postoperatively, and they died 4 and 6 months after surgery respectively. Conclusions The urologic primary PNET is a very rare, highly malignant soft tissue tumor, and the diagnosis must be based on pathologic findings and immunohistochemical phenotypes. The multimodal treatment for urologic primary PNET consists of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Objective To analyze and summarize the clinical-pathological features,immunophenotype and prognosis of the lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinoma (LELGC).Methods The clinical,radiographic and histological data of four patients with LELGC were retrospectively analyzed.The expression of cytokeratin (CK),CD20,CD3,CD4,CD8,E-cadherin,β-catenin,bcl-2,p16,p53,p63,c-erbB-2,cyclin D1,Ki67 and DNA methyl-transferase 1 (DNMT1) in tumor was detected by Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical methods.Results The size of four tumor was 1.8 cm× 1.6 cm,1.5 cm× 2.0 cm,2.5 cm× 2.0 cm and 4.0 cm× 2.5 cm.Under light microscope,tumor cells appeared like cords,small lumps or scattered single infiltration with vacuolized nucleus; clear nucleoli and obvious interstitial lymphocytic infiltration.The results of immunohistochemical examination indicated that in four tumors CK was positive in membrane of all the tumor cells,while EBER was positive in all cell nucleus.The number of lymphocytes with CD3 positive was over those with CD20 positive,which was mainly CD8 positive lymphocytes.The percentage of E cadherin and β-catenin positive in the cell membrane of four tumors was between 10 ％ and 90 ％,and two cases with β-catenin positive in cytoplasm.The expressions of DNMT1,cyclin D1 and bcl-2 were all positive,while p16 and c-erbB-2 were all negative.The expression of p63 was positive in only one case,and p53 was negative in one case.The percentage of Ki67 positive was 40％,15％,60％ and 40％,respectively.Conclusions LELGC is a rare neoplasm with better prognosis.The features of clinical pathology and immunohistology may help to make a correct diagnosis.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of a new ultrasonic parameter to assess right ventricular-pulmonary artery (RV-PA) coupling in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (APE).Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed in 140 patients with APE diagnosed by computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from August 2017 to June 2020. According to the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion/pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (TAPSE/PASP) ratio cutoff value 0.40 mm/mmHg reported by the European Society of Cardiology in 2020, the patients were divided into the coupling group ( n=99) and the uncoupling group ( n=41). The conventional ultrasonic parameters of the 2 groups were measured, and then several ultrasonic parameter ratios were obtained. The new ultrasonic parameter, which can replace the TAPSE/PASP ratio, was screened out by Spearman correlation analysis, and ROC curve was plotted to calculate the diagnostic efficacy of this parameter. Results:①Compared with the coupling group, patients in the uncoupling group were older and more likely to be accompanied by dyspnea and venous thrombosis in the lower extremities (all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in other general data(all P>0.05); ②Compared with the coupling group, tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV), tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient(TRPG), PASP, right ventricle end-diastolic transverse diameter(RVTD), inferior vena cava(IVC) diameter and the ratio of early diastolic tricuspid inflow to tricuspid lateral annular velocity(E/e′), in the uncoupling group increased significantly (all P<0.05), and TAPSE, peak systolic velocity of tricuspid annulus(s′), TAPSE/PASP ratio, TAPSE/TRPG ratio, TAPSE/RVTD ratio and s′/TRPG ratio decreased significantly (all P<0.05); ③The TAPSE/TRPG ratio was highly correlated with TAPSE/PASP ratio ( rs=0.970, P<0.001); The TAPSE/TRPG ratio was still highly correlated with TAPSE/PASP ratio in the uncoupling and coupling groups ( rs=0.966, 0.922; all P<0.001). ④ROC analysis showed that the area under curve for TAPSE/TRPG in diagnosing RV-PA coupling was 0.992. At the cutoff of TAPSE/TRPG <0.625 mm/mmHg for indicating RV-PA coupling, the sensitivity and specificity were 97.6% and 92.9%, respectively. Conclusions:TAPSE/TRPG ratio can be used as a new ultrasonic parameter to reflect RV-PA coupling, which is helpful for clinical identification of APE patients with high risk and poor prognosis.

Clinical data of a 33-year-old rheumatoid arthritis patient accompanied with pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis(PLO) was retrospectively reviewed.The patient had two pregnancies within three years,and bone pain occurred during lactation of the second pregnancy after 2 months of delivery.Dual-energy X-ray (DEXA) showed decreased bone density,while thoracolumbar spine and pelvic X-ray film suggested osteoporosis.Her rheumatoid arthritis was stable and previous treatment did not include glucocorticoids.Other causes of metabolic bone diseases were excluded and the diagnosis of PLO was confirmed.The breastfeeding was stopped;calcium,active vitamin D,alendronate sodium were administrated,and the treatment was effective.Domestic and international literature from January 2000 to January 2019 was searched and no cases of PLO accompanied with rheumatoid arthritis were reported.There were only 100 cases of PLO retrieved in the literature,including 19 cases of PLO in China reported by four articles.It is suggested that PLO should be considered in RA patients presenting with arthragia during the lactation,in addition to relapse of disease.Awareness of PLO should be increased in physicians,especially rheumatologists,and anti-osteoporosis therapy is effective in patients with PLO.

By reviewing ancient materia medica， medical books and modern literature， the name， origin， quality evaluation， producing area and processing methods of Huoxiang herbs were systematically investigated and researched， so as to provide reference and basis for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing Huoxiang herbs. Through the herbal textual research， it can be seen that most of materia medica in past dynasties have taken Huoxiang as the nominal rectification， and the mainstream base used is Pogostemon cablin. In order to distinguish another plant of the same family， Agastache rugosa， which has been widely used in Chinese folk since the Ming dynasty， and respect geo-authentic region， Pogostemonis Herba is also named Guanghuoxiang. Pogostemonis Herba is native to Vietnam and other Southeast Asian countries， and was introduced to China as a spice through Guangdong and other places in the early days， and has been successfully cultivated in the south of China since the Song dynasty. The medicinal parts are mostly dried aboveground parts， and the leaves and stems are also separated for medicine sometimes. The geo-authentic region of Pogostemonis Herba is Guangdong in the past dynasties， and it is currently cultivated in Guangzhou， Zhaoqing， Zhanjiang of Guangdong province and Hainan province， with the most famous one cultivated in Shipai. Pogostemonis Herba is mainly planted by cutting propagation. It usually sprouts in February and is harvested in June. The main processed method in region is stuffy dry， which is placed in the sun and repeatedly suffocated until it has an aromatic smell and the color turns yellow. The processing method is mostly to use the raw product as medicine after being selected. Based on the research results， it is suggested that the leaves of P. cablin are used in Yangweitang， for Huopo Xialingtang， it is recommended to choose the raw product of A. rugosa that is removed the roots and old stems.

【Objective】 To clarify the role and molecular mechanism of Tanshinone ⅡA (TanⅡA) in the pathological integration of granule cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) by using the mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). 【Methods】 Status epilepticus (SE) was induced in the mice with pilocarpine and treated with TanⅡA 5 mg/kg. After two months, Morris water maze was used to examine the spatial learning and memory ability and video surveillance was used to monitor spontaneous seizures. The DG was removed for staining of Timm, Prox-1, DCX and SynⅠ. PTEN, p-AKT, and p-S6 expressions were observed by Western blotting. 【Results】 TanⅡA decreased Timm score, SynⅠ, PSD-95 and pS6 levels, and increased the level of PTEN in the DG, and attenuated the formation of mossy fiber sproutings and basal dendrites of the granule cells. Video surveillance showed that TanⅡA reduced the frequency of Racine’ grade 5 seizures. 【Conclusion】 TanⅡA can effectively attenuate the abnormal integration of the granule cells in the DG by regulating PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway and thus plays an anti-epileptic role.

The Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase (SAGA) is an ancillary transcription initiation complex which is highly conserved. The ADA1 (alteration/deficiency in activation 1, also called histone H2A functional interactor 1, HFI1) is a subunit in the core module of the SAGA protein complex. ADA1 plays an important role in plant growth and development as well as stress resistance. In this paper, we performed genome-wide identification of banana ADA1 gene family members based on banana genomic data, and analyzed the basic physicochemical properties, evolutionary relationships, selection pressure, promoter cis-acting elements, and its expression profiles under biotic and abiotic stresses. The results showed that there were 10, 6, and 7 family members in Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana and Musa itinerans. The members were all unstable and hydrophilic proteins, and only contained the conservative SAGA-Tad1 domain. Both MaADA1 and MbADA1 have interactive relationship with Sgf11 (SAGA-associated factor 11) of core module in SAGA. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that banana ADA1 gene family members could be divided into 3 classes. The evolution of ADA1 gene family members was mostly influenced by purifying selection. There were large differences among the gene structure of banana ADA1 gene family members. ADA1 gene family members contained plenty of hormonal elements. MaADA1-1 may play a prominent role in the resistance of banana to cold stress, while MaADA1 may respond to the Panama disease of banana. In conclusion, this study suggested ADA1 gene family members are highly conserved in banana, and may respond to biotic and abiotic stress.
Musa/genetics* ; Phylogeny ; Fungal Proteins ; Cell Nucleus ; Histones ; Stress, Physiological/genetics*

Objective : To compare the early embryonic developmental potential and clinical outcomes of oocytes matured in vivo and those matured by modified in vitro maturation ( LVM ) technology during the same controlled ovarian hyperstimulation ( COH) cycle , and to explore the clinical application of melatonin⁃supplemented IVM technology. Methods : 159 patients were recruited into the study. 920 mature oocytes were collected during their COH cycles processed for conventional IVF/ICSI protocols , while 1 283 immature oocytes from the same cycles were matured in a melatonin⁃supplemented IVM medium before ICSI was performed. A retrospective analysis was conducted to compare the impact of conventional assisted reproductive technology and improved IVM technology on the outcomes of assisted reproductive therapy and pregnancy outcomes. Results : Compared with mature oocytes collected from COH cycles treated with conventional IVF/ICSI , oocytes promoted by improved melatonin⁃supple-mented IVM technology had a lower rate of high⁃quality blastocyst formation. However, after embryo transfer, there was no significant difference in the clinical outcomes of mature oocytes obtained through two methods , including clinical pregnancy rate , full⁃term birth rate , neonatal length , and neonatal Apgar score. Conclusion The application of melatonin⁃supplemented IVM significantly increases the utilization of immature oocytes collected from COH cycles , improving the pregnancy outcomes of patients assisted by assisted reproductive technology.

Aristolochic acids (AAs) have long been considered as a potent carcinogen due to its nephrotoxicity. Aristolochic acid I (AAI) reacts with DNA to form covalent aristolactam (AL)-DNA adducts, leading to subsequent A to T transversion mutation, commonly referred as AA mutational signature. Previous research inferred that AAs were widely implicated in liver cancer throughout Asia. In this study, we explored whether AAs exposure was the main cause of liver cancer in the context of HBV infection in mainland China. Totally 1256 liver cancer samples were randomly retrieved from 3 medical centers and a refined bioanalytical method was used to detect AAI-DNA adducts. 5.10% of these samples could be identified as AAI positive exposure. Whole genome sequencing suggested 8.41% of 107 liver cancer patients exhibited the dominant AA mutational signature, indicating a relatively low overall AAI exposure rate. In animal models, long-term administration of AAI barely increased liver tumorigenesis in adult mice, opposite from its tumor-inducing role when subjected to infant mice. Furthermore, AAI induced dose-dependent accumulation of AA-DNA adduct in target organs in adult mice, with the most detected in kidney instead of liver. Taken together, our data indicate that AA exposure was not the major threat of liver cancer in adulthood.