Narrative medicine has brought new ideas to medical humanities education, and its con-notation is suitable to Undergraduate Medical Education Standards-Clinical Medicine (Trial). By analyz-ing the proposal and development of narrative medicine, its foundation and core, its programs and methods, as well as its forms and values, the author deepened the understanding of narrative medicine. And through the following four pathways including strengthening the renewal of ideas and concepts on medical humanities quality education, promoting the diversification of teaching ways and methods of medical humanities educa-tion, enhancing the effect of early exposure to clinical medical students, opening the path of integration narrative medicine and evidence-based medicine, the author analyzed narrative medical enlightenment on medical humanities quality education in China.

Objective To construct a prokaryotic expression system containing the dense granule protein 4(GRA4) of Toxoplasma gondii,purify the expressed protein and detect its immunogenicity.Methods The specific fragment of GRA4 gene was amplified by PCR.After subcloning the prokaryotic expression recombinant pET,GRA4,the expressed product was purified with His?BindTM affinity chromatography and analyzed by Western blot.BALB/c mice were immunized with the GRA4 recombinant protein,and the antibody IgG titer was detected by ELISA.Results The pET,GRA4 prokaryotic expression system was obtained.The MW of the expressed protein was Mr 40 000 and formed in inclusion body.After purification,the recombinant protein could be specifically recognized by the T.gondii infected rabbit serum.Mice immunized with the purified recombinant protein elicited high titer of IgG antibody.Conclusion The pET,GRA4 recombinant protein was successfully expressed and purified,which shows the immunogenicity.

The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease(PD)mainly relies on clinical appearance of patients,and the routine magnetic resonance scan has difficulty in finding the abnormality of that,which is not able to meet the requirement of early and precise quantification for the PD lesion area.Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging(dMRI)technique is a noninvasive method of examining the microstructure of living tissue.Diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)and diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)were the most widely used in clinical practice.However,the principles of them have limitation,which are not able to fully outline the microstructure of brain tissue.This paper discussed several new dMRI techniques that are able to make up conventional dMRI model,which included diffusion kurtosis imaging(DKI),neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging(NODDI)and diffusion tensor imaging index of perivascular space(DTI-ALPS).Moreover,this paper summarized the applications of above imaging technique in exploring the changes of the microstructure of brain tissue of PD patients,so as to provide more imaging information for the pathological changes of PD patients.

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to investigate the blood lead level of 3 - 5 year old children living in the cities in China and to provide scientific data for making policy on environmental lead pollution for children health protection.

METHODSSix thousand five hundred and two vein blood samples from 3 - 5 year old children in nineteen cities of nine provinces were sampled. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were employed to determine lead level in whole blood after microwave digestion for sample preparation and questionnaire survey was also performed. Data were analyzed with multiple regression on factors which affecting blood lead levels.

RESULTSResults showed that mean blood lead level was 88.3 micro g/L for 3 - 5 year old children living in the cities in China and mean blood lead level of boys (91.1 micro g/L) was higher than that of girls (87.3 micro g/L). Twenty-nine point nine one per cent of the children's blood lead level exceeded 100 micro g/L. The research finding showed: (1) higher blood lead levels had negative effects on children's physical growth, language ability etc. (2) behavior of parents had certain effects on children's blood lead levels. (3) blood lead levels of children were affected by unhealthy habits.

CONCLUSIONSProblem of childhood lead poisoning in China has become more serious. During the past ten years, blood lead levels of children has been increased in China while decreasing in developed countries. Blood lead levels of children in China are higher than that of developed countries, which called for special concern by government and society.

Child, Preschool ; China ; Environmental Pollutants ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Lead ; blood ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; Sex Factors ; Urban Health ; Urban Population

Objective To compare the effects of cleaning oral among different nursing methods for patients with dysphagia after brain injury who take food by gastric tube as well as by mouth. Methods A total of 59 patients with dysphagia after brain injury were divided into research group ( 29 cases, mouth nursing by modified method of brushing their teeth and irrigation ) and control group ( 30 cases, mouth nursing by traditional oral care routine) according to the random number table method from October 2012 to May 2014. Results were observed by comparing oral condition, indexes of pharyngeal swab culture and water-swallowing test. Results Incidence rates of halitosis and unclean mouth were all 13. 8% in the research group which were lower than those (73. 3%, 63. 3%) in the control group with statistically significant differences (χ2 =21. 208, 15. 214;P<0. 01). The effective rate of water-swallowing test was 79. 3% in the research group which was higher than that (56. 7%) in the control group (χ2 =12. 202,P<0. 01). There was no statistically significant difference in abnormity rates between two groups before intervention (P >0. 05). The abnormity rate in the research group was lower than that in the control group at 4th week (χ2 =8. 958,P <0. 01). There was statistically significant difference in abnormity rate before interventions and at 4th week in the research group (P<0.01), with no statistically significant difference in the control group (P>0.05). The rate of oral mucosa bleeding was 3. 4% in the research group and 6. 7% in the control with no statistically significant difference (χ2 =0. 316,P >0. 05), but there was no mechanical injury of oral mucosa in two groups. There was no statistically significant difference in index of water-swallowing test between two groups before interventions ( P>0. 05), with significant difference at 4th week (P<0. 01). Conclusions The implementation of mouth nursing by modified method of brushing their teeth and irrigation not only can achieve the purpose to clean oral effectively, but also can reduce oral bacteria and promote the recovery of swallowing function.