As the components of proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear polysaccharides consisting of hexose and uronic acid units linked by β-1,3-glycosidic bond. GAGs mainly distribute in extracellular matrix and on cell surfaces. They guide many biological processes, such as proliferation of cells, transmission of signals and mediation of inflammation. Because of their large molecular weights, GAGs have limited biological functions in vitro. However, the appearance of chondroitinase ABC (ChSase ABC), which can lyse polysaccharides, solves the difficulties. Based on our work, we summarized the classification and the crystal structure of ChSase ABC, as well as other recent research progress on ChSase ABCs. The separation and purification methods of ChSase ABC and construction of engineering bacteria are illustrated. The stability and immobilization are also analyzed by taking account of the characterization of ChSase ABC. Finally, problems and future prospect of the ChSase ABC study are summarized.
Bacteria ; Chondroitin ABC Lyase ; chemistry ; Extracellular Matrix ; chemistry ; Glycosaminoglycans ; chemistry ; Proteoglycans ; chemistry

Objective: To compare the effects of ultra-fast track anesthesia and traditional anesthesia on blood levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) in patients after pediatric cardiac surgery.
Methods: A total of 101 patients received pediatric cardiovascular surgery by a same anesthesiologist in our hospital from 2013-09 to 2014-05 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were studied in 2 anesthesia groups:Ultra-fast track group, in which the extubation was conducted in operating room, n=40 and Traditional group, n=44. Blood levels of Hs-CRP, CRP and PCT at pre-operation (T0), 1st day post-operation (T1) and 2nd day post-operation (T2) were compared.
Results: ①Hs-CRP levels were higher at T1 and T2 than T0 in both groups, all P<0.05;Hs-CRP level in Ultra-fast track group was lower than Traditional group at T1 time point, P<0.05. ②CRP levels were similar among 3 time points in Ultra-fast track group;while in Traditional group, CRP level at T2 was higher than T1, P<0.05; CRP level was higher in Traditional group than Ultra-fast track group at T2, P<0.05.③PCT levels at 3 time points were similar in the same group;while PCT level in Ultra-fast track group was lower than Traditional group at T1 time point, P<0.05.
Conclusion: Compared With traditional anesthesia, ultra-fast track anesthesia could decrease the post-operative elevations of Hs-CRP, CRP and PCT in patients after pediatric cardiac surgery.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of arsenic trioxide (ATO) on anti-dsDNA antibody and the expression of DNA methyltransferase 1-mRNA and CD11a-mRNA in lupus MRL/lpr mice.Methods MRL/lpr mice were divided into three groups:the ATO group,the sodium chloride(NS) group,and the cyclophosphamide(CTX) group.The control group consisted of 20 syngeneic normal C57/BL mice,which were subdivided into the ATO group and the NS group.After two-month treatment,all mice were sacrificed.Blood routine test was conducted by SYSMEX KX21.The anti-dsDNA antibody in the serum were detected by ELISA.The expression of DNMT1 and CD11a was determined by RT-PCR.ANOVA and paired t test were used for statistical analysis.Results① The serum level of anti-dsDNA antibody(0.89±0.07) and the gray scale value of CD11a-mRNA(0.43±0.25) in the ATO group were much lower than those in the NS group of MRL/lpr mice(1.77±0.28,P＜0.01; 0.99±0.31,P＜0.05),while the gray scale value of DNMTI-mRNA (0.32±0.30) was significantly higher than that in the NS group(0.16±0.26,P＜0.05 ).② The serum levels of anti-dsDNA antibody was low in both the ATO group and the CTX group (0.90±0.07,0.66±0.22),and it was higher in the ATO group than that in the CTX group (P＜0.05).The gray scale value of DNMT1 mRNA in the ATO group (0.32±0.30) was higher than that in the CTX group (0.16±0.18,P＜0.05) in MRL/lpr mice,and the gray scale value of CD11a mRNA in the ATO group(0.43±0.25) was lower than that in the CTX group (0.86±0.31,P＜0.05) in MRL/lpr mice.③ There was no difference in above parameters between the ATO-group and NS group in C57/BL mice(P＞0.05).ConclusionArsenic trioxide can reduce the serum level of auto-antibody and reverse low methylation.But it has no effect on normal mice.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and prognostic factors of Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH) in adults.Methods Clinical data of 40 adult patients with EBV-HLH admitted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University during January 2010 and September 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into fatal group or survival group based on the results of 1-month follow-up.Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors of early death.Results EBV-HLH in clinic were characterized by fever,hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy.The incidences of peripheral blood cytopenias in 2 or 3 lines,hepatic dysfunction and hyperferritinemia in EBV-HLH patients were 60.0％ (24/40),95.0％ (38/40) and 94.9％ (37/39),respectively.Hemophagocytic phenomenon in bone marrow was observed in 83.8％ patients (31/37).Soluble CD25 (sCD25) was detected in 12 patients,and all were higher than 2 400 pg/mL.Nineteen patients died 1 month after fiual diagnosis with a fatality rate of 47.5％.Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that EBV-DNA ＞ 105 copies/mL (OR =4.85,95％ CI:1.14-25.83,P ＜ 0.05),PLT ＜ 50 × 1012/L (OR =6.81,95 ％ CI:1.41-32.83,P ＜ 0.05),total bilirubin ＞ 50 μmol/L (OR =6.91,95％ CI:1.24-38.52,P ＜0.05),albumin ＜ 30 g/L (OR =7.50,95％ CI:1.80-31.28,P ＜ 0.01),serum ferritin ＞5 000 μg/L (OR =8.75,95％ CI:2.03-37.67,P ＜0.01) and polyserositis (OR =5.40,95％ CI:1.18-24.64,P ＜0.05) were risk factors of death within 1 month after final diagnosis,while chemotherapy was a protective factor of early death (OR =0.15,95％ CI:0.03-0.81,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions EBV-HLH in adult has a poor prognosis.Significant elevated EBV-DNA,total bilirubin or serum ferritin,and notable decrease of peripheral blood platelet count or albumin level may indicate a poor prognosis,while chemotherapy may reduce the risk of early death.

To facilitate noninvasive diagnosis of anemia, high-performance and portable near infrared (NIR) spectrometer for human blood constituents was designed and fabricated based on linear variable filter (LVF).Meanwhile, the performance of support vector regression (SVR) model for quantitative analysis of human hemoglobin (Hb) was investigated.Spectral data were collected noninvasively from 100 volunteers by self-designed LVF-NIR spectrometer, then divided into calibration set, validation set 1 and 2.To establish a robust SVR model, grid search method was applied to optimize the penalty parameter and kernel function parameter c=5.28, g=0.33.Then, Hb levels in the validation 1 and 2 sets were quantitatively analyzed.The results showed that the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) were 10.20 g/L and 10.85 g/L, respectively, and the relative RMSEP (R-RMSEP) were 6.85% and 7.48%, respectively.The results indicated that the SVR model had high prediction accuracy to Hb level and adaptability to different samples, and could satisfy the requirements of clinical measurement.Based on the SVR algorithm, the self-designed LVF-NIR spectrometer has a wide application prospect in the field of non-invasive anemia diagnosis.

OBJECTIVETo establish a scientific, rapid anti-aging prediction model.

METHODAccording to the institutional principle of Chinese prescription medicine and by using the theory and method of artificial neural network, a BP model was built up to cope with the relation between anti-aging and four natures, five flavors as well as meridian tropism of Chinese medicinal herbs.

RESULTThe accuracy that the model predicted the prescription's anti-aging index of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) was 93. 33%.

CONCLUSIONThe model can predict the efficacy of anti-aging prescription very well.

Aging ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Prescription Drugs ; pharmacology ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Objective:To analyze identification of copper death gene related subtypes,construction of prognosis model and influence of immune infiltration in osteosarcoma(OS)on basis of copper death gene.Methods:Survival and prognosis of OS associated copper death gene were analyzed combining by TARGET and GEO database.OS was divided into different subtypes of copper death by consistent clustering method.SSGSEA was used to analyze difference of immune cells in classification of copper death.Setting P value= 0.05 and q value=0.05,GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed on differential genes of copper death typing.Prognosis model was constructed according to results of Lasso regression analysis and cross validation,risk assessment analysis and ROC curve were used to evaluate accuracy of model prediction.Combined with clinical characteristics,nomograms were constructed to predict survival time of patients,and risk differences were analyzed.Immune cell infiltration and tumor microenvironment analysis were performed on OS samples."pRRophetic"package in R software was used to analyze drug sensitivity of OS samples.Results:FDX1,GLS,DLAT and PDHB as high-risk genes for OS prognosis were identified.According to copper death classification of OS samples,OS could be divided into two types:CRGclusterA and CRGclusterB.CRGclusterA was associated with Th2 cells,and CRGclusterB was associated with Th1 cells.Most OS copper death genes were highly expressed in CRGclusterA.Immune cell infiltration analysis results showed that γδ T cells,resting mast cells and resting dendritic cells were positively correlated with risk score,while CD8 T cells were negatively correlated with risk score.Drug sensitivity analysis showed that OS showed higher sensitivity to Elesclomol and GW.441756.Conclusion:Two subtypes of CRGclusterA and CRGclusterB are identified in this study.Four high-risk prognostic genes FDX1,GLS,DLAT and PDHB are identified,providing new insights into prognostic evaluation and immunotherapy target candidates for OS.

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in China has recently been increasing year by year,and spontaneous skin ulcers in diabetic patients,as one of the most serious complications,often develop on the patient's extremities represented by foot ulcers.Due to the complexity and variety of its pathogenesis,it leads to poor clinical outcomes and difficulty in healing.Thus,pa-tients often face the risk of amputation and death.Therefore,the exploration of mechanisms of the vascular pathogenesis of diabetic delayed-healing wounds and targeted screening of therapeutic agents has become a current research hotspot.Herein,in this paper,we briefly review the role of impaired angiogenesis and vascular dysfunction in diabetic skin ulcers,and the research progress of classical hypoglycemic and natural compounds against vascular lesions is preliminarily summarized to provide a theoretical basis for effective clinical treatment.

Micro/nanoplastics (MNPs), recognized as emerging environmental pollutants, are widely distributed in natural environments. Due to their small particle size and significant migratory capacity, MNPs can infiltrate diverse environmental matrices, then invade and accumulate in the organism via the skin, respiration, and digestion. Recently, concerns have grown over the detrimental effects and potential toxicity of MNPs on reproductive health. This review summarized published epidemiological and toxicological studies related to MNPs exposure and their effects on reproductive health. Firstly, this review critically examined the current landscape of epidemiological evidence and found that MNPs (e.g., polystyrene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, etc.) are present in various biological specimens from both males and females, and their presence may be associated with an increased risk of reproductive disorders. Secondly, extensive toxicological studies revealed that MNPs exposure induces reproductive health damage through mechanisms such as disrupting the microstructure of reproductive organs and altering molecular-level expressions. Oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and apoptosis are identified as potential links between MNPs exposure and reproductive damage. Finally, this review addressed the prevalent shortcomings in existing studies and proposed future directions to tackle the challenges posed by MNPs-induced reproductive harm. These insights aim to inform strategies for safeguarding public reproductive health and ecological security, providing a scientific foundation for mitigating risks associated with MNPs pollution.

Objective:To study the relationship and the role of leptin in children with biliary atresia and hepatic fibrosis to provide a treatment basis for these patients.Methods:The clinical data of children with biliary atresia or congenital biliary dilatation (CBD) who underwent surgical treatment at the Department of General Surgery of Tianjin Children's Hospital from August 2019 to August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Of 31 children included in this study, there were 14 males and 17 females, with age of 60 (30, 63) d. Children with biliary atresia served as the study group ( n=26) and children with CBD served as the control group ( n=5). Leptin protein, α-smooth muscleactin (α-SMA) and phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) in liver tissues were detectd by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The expression level of leptin mRNA in liver tissues were detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results:The average optical density values of leptin protein, α-SMA protein and p-ERK1/2 protein in the liver tissues of children in the study group were significantly higher than the control group ( P<0.05). The expression levels of leptin, α-SMA and p-ERK1/2 in liver tissues of children with biliary atresia significantly increased with increase in fibrosis degree ( P<0.05). The expression level of leptin in liver tissues of children with biliary atresia was positively correlated with the liver fibrosis grade ( rs=0.876), α-SMA ( r=0.723) and p-ERK1/2 ( r=0.725) ( P<0.01). The results of qRT-PCR showed that the content of leptin mRNA in liver tissues of children with biliary atresia was significantly higher than that of children with CBD ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Expressions of leptin increased with aggravation of degrees of hepatic fibrosis in biliary atresia. Leptin may be involved in activation of HSCs through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway in the process of hepatic fibrosis due to biliary atresia.