The survey on the hesitant status of rubella-containing vaccine (RCV) vaccination was conducted among 2 141 women of childbearing age in four provinces, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui, from May 2017 to March 2018. Among the 2 141 study participants, a total of 38.21% (818) of women of childbearing age were aware of rubella and 21.25% (455) of women of childbearing age knew about RCV. Among the 455 women of childbearing age who were aware of RCV, 262 (57.58%) were willing to be vaccinated with RCV; 304 women of childbearing age (66.81%) tended to be vaccinated with RCV free of charge. Among the 193 women of childbearing age who did not want to be vaccinated or did not decide whether they preferred to be vaccinated with RCV, no one around them was vaccinated (89, 46.11%) and fear of vaccine safety (70, 36.27%) were the main reasons for hesitation to receive RCV.

The survey on the hesitant status of rubella-containing vaccine (RCV) vaccination was conducted among 2 141 women of childbearing age in four provinces, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui, from May 2017 to March 2018. Among the 2 141 study participants, a total of 38.21% (818) of women of childbearing age were aware of rubella and 21.25% (455) of women of childbearing age knew about RCV. Among the 455 women of childbearing age who were aware of RCV, 262 (57.58%) were willing to be vaccinated with RCV; 304 women of childbearing age (66.81%) tended to be vaccinated with RCV free of charge. Among the 193 women of childbearing age who did not want to be vaccinated or did not decide whether they preferred to be vaccinated with RCV, no one around them was vaccinated (89, 46.11%) and fear of vaccine safety (70, 36.27%) were the main reasons for hesitation to receive RCV.

Objective:To investigate the serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of seven invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) isolates. Methods:For 7 iNTS strains collected, serotype identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing were performed. We identified, annotated and analyzed the serotypes, MLST types, and antimicrobial resistance genes.Results:Among the 7 tested iNTS isolates, we found one Salmonella Typhimurium strain and two Salmonella Ⅰ 4, [5], 12: i:- strains whose MLST types were ST34, two Salmonella Enteritidis strains, one Salmonella Corvallis strain and one strain of unknown serotype with the antigenic formulae of Ⅰ 4, [5], 12: d:- (ST279 type). Six of seven strains were monophasic and the deletion or pseudogenization of Salmonella Flagellum gene might contribute to the enhancement of Salmonella invasiveness. None was found to be resistant to tigarcycline, aztreonam, amikacin, cephalosporins and carbapenem and one Salmonella Typhimurium strain was found to be co-resistant to eight classes of antimicrobials at the same time. Resistance genes were generally in accord with relative resistant phenotypes. Conclusion:The iNTS strains could show high level multi-drug resistance, indicating that close attention should be paid to the resistance of iNTS though the overall resistance might be relatively not high.

BACKGROUNDThe protective effects of transient limb ischemia (TLI) induced by several cycles of intermittent pressure cuff inflation and deflation for a period have been widely investigated, however the reliability of this protocol has not been clearly verified. Our study aimed to investigate the reliability of pressure cuff induced TLI in conscious rabbits.

METHODSEight New Zealand rabbits were subjected to TLI without anesthesia. TLI consisted of 3 cycles of ischemia and reperfusion induced by inflating the cuff placed on the left lower limb to 200 mmHg for 5 minutes followed by deflating the cuff for 5 minutes. Skin color, pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), pulse rate (PR), plethysmogram waveform (Pleth), and ultrasound detection of the blood flow in the extremity distal to the ischemic segment were observed to confirm ischemia and reperfusion during TLI. The frequency of severe limb movement during TLI was also recorded to assess the amenability of this protocol in conscious rabbits.

RESULTSThe skin color of the extremity distal to the ischemic segment changed from bright red to dark purple after inflating the cuff to 200 mmHg, and returned to normal after cuff deflation. Pleth, PR and SpO2 disappeared during ischemia and restored during reperfusion in the monitor. Blood flow of the left posterior tibial artery was completely blocked by a pressure of 200 mmHg during ischemia, and recovered immediately after cuff deflation. The frequency of severe limb movement in supine position was higher than that in prone position (P < 0.05), but there was no severe limb movement that could result in disturbance to ischemia when the rabbits were placed in prone position.

CONCLUSIONPressure cuff inflating to 200 mmHg for 5 minutes and deflating for 5 minutes is a reliable regimen to induce TLI in conscious rabbits.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Extremities ; pathology ; Ischemia ; etiology ; pathology ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; Male ; Rabbits