Objective To study the protective effect of aminophosphate on peripheral neurotoxicity in patients with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing chemotherapy.Methods Eighty patients receiving mFOLFOX6 regimen chemotherapy in the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from June 2015 to February 2018 were selected as the study subjects.They were divided into study group and control group according to random number table method.The control group was given mFOLFOX6 regimen for chemotherapy,while the study group was given intravenous infusion of amphostatin before using mFOLFOX6 regimen for chemotherapy.The occurrence of peripheral neurotoxicity,motor nerve conduction velocity (MSV),sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV) levels of median nerve and peroneal nerve before and after chemotherapy,short-term efficacy and blood toxicity were compared between the two groups.Results The total incidence of peripheral neurotoxicity was 17.50％ (7/40) in the study group and 82.50％ (33/40) in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =33.800;P =0.000).The SCV levels of median nerve and peroneal nerve in the study group after chemotherapy was (53.68±3.02) m/s,(54.96 ±3.01) m/s,and those in the control group were(45.17±3.07) m/s、(44.97±3.03) m/s,and the difference was statistically significant (t =12.498,14.794;P =0.000,0.000).There was no significant difference in the total effective rate (87.50％,35/40) between the study group and the control group(90.00％,36/40) (x2 =0.125;P =0.723).The total incidence of hematotoxicity was 42.50％ (17/40) in the study group and 77.50％ (31/40) in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(x2 =10.208;P=0.000).Conclusion Amfostine has a better preventive effect on peripheral neurotoxicity incancer patients undergoing chemotherapy,which is conducive to reducing the risk of hematotoxicity.which is worthy of clinical application.