ABSTRACT:Norovirus infection in human and animals can cause acute viral gastroenteritis .With molecular biology ,cell culture and animal models of development ,the different groups of norovirus genome sequenced ,the virus capsid protein ex‐pressed in vitro in eukaryotic ,prokaryotic and plant systems ,and thus the characteristics of the virus with some new under‐standing and perspective .Recently ,an increasing number of studies were focused on the norovirus and related topics along with the research progress all around the world .Here we systematically expound the latest advances in norovirus research from dif‐ferent aspects ,such as genome structure and function ,cell culture ,tissue tropism ,epidemiology ,virus infection mechanism , detection methods and vaccine development .Furthermore ,different viewpoints for norovirus molecular evolution ,detection technology and transmission route will be discussed as well .

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the current situation and trend of clinical application of calcium channel blockers METHODS:The kinds and sum of money of calcium channel blockers,consumed in our hospital during the period 1999～2001,were collected and the prospects of clinical application of the drugs were analyzed with consulting the relevant literature RESULTS:The consumption of calcium channel blockers remained stable during the period 1999～2001,and the most commonly-used drugs were dihydrocollidines Domestic and joint ventrue products held a leading post in clinical application CONCLUSION:Sustained and controlled release preparations of calcium channel blockers have broad prospects in clinical application

0.05). Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase activity significantly decreased in the injured liver BMSCs group (P

Objective: To observe changes of variation of red blood cell distribution width-coefficient (RDW-CV), levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 in patients with essential hypertension (EH) of different risk stratification.Methods: A total of 105 EH patients treated in our department from Oct 2015 to Sep 2016 were regarded as EH group.According to hypertension risk stratification, they were divided into low risk group (n=34), medium risk group (n=38) and high-and extremely high risk group (n=33).Another 105 subjects with corresponding age and gender were selected as healthy control group during the same period.RDW-CV, serum levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were measured and compared among all groups.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze relationship among above indexes and hypertension.Results: Compared with healthy control group, there were significant rise in RDW-CV [(12.57±1.46) vs.(14.54±1.82)], serum levels of MMP-2 [(121.71±18.86)ng/ml vs.(155.43±40.81)ng/ml], MMP-9 [(109.72±21.80)ng/ml vs.(191.23±53.05)ng/ml] and TIMP-1 [(59.42±9.41)ng/ml vs.(83.64±15.82)ng/ml] in EH group, P<0.05 or <0.01.Compared with low risk group, there were significant rise in RDW-CV [(13.35±1.54) vs.(14.43±1.17) vs.(15.90±1.81)], serum levels of MMP-2 [(131.21±35.24) ng/ml vs.(152.16±33.15)ng/ml vs.(184.16±37.14)ng/ml], MMP-9 [(163.95±38.61) ng/ml vs.(198.70±43.52)ng/ml vs.(232.83±54.12)ng/ml] and TIMP-1 [(73.15±13.12)ng/ml vs.(83.78±10.22) ng/ml vs.(94.27±16.77)ng/ml] in medium risk group, high-and extremely high risk group, and those of high-and extremely high risk group were significantly higher than those of medium risk group, P<0.05 or <0.01.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that RDW-CV, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were independent risk factors for hypertension (OR=2.248~2.725, P<0.05 or <0.01).Conclusion: RDW-CV,MMP-2,MMP-9 and TIMP-1 are independent risk factors for hypertension, active monitoring and intervention should be given for these risk factors.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of serum cardiac troponin T(cTnT) as a marker of cardiovascular events and hemodialysis (HD) adequacy in maintainence hemodialysis (MHD) patients.Methods Forty-seven cases of MHD patients were randomly divided into two groups (group A and group B).Group A received intermittent HD 4 h thrice one week,and group B received intermittent HD 4 h twice one week plus high-flux hemodiafiltration(HDF) 4 h once one week.Serum examination for blood biochemical indicator,cTnT and echocardiogram was performed every three months and at the time of recruitment.All the patients were followed up until the occurrence of death or cardiovascular events.Results After 3 months treatment,serum cTnT deceased significantly in group B compared with group A,and maintained the lower levels throughout the follow-up.E/A and LVEF had been reduced since 3 months treatment in group A,but stable in group B,E/A was lower in group A after 18 months treatment than that in group B,LVEF was lower in group A after 12 months treatment than that in group B.There were positive correlations between cTnT and E/A or LVEF in 42 cases who accomplished the follow-up of 12 months (r =0.54,0.66,P ＜0.05).Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the occurrence of cardiovascular events in patients with cTnT≥0.1μ g/L was higher than that with cTnT ＜0.1 μg/L in (28.5 ± 9.7) months' follow- up (Log-rank test: P =0.02).Both survival analysis and Cox analysis indicated that serum cTnT was a predictor of cardiovascular events in MHD patients.Conclusions Serum level of cTnT can be used as a marker of HD adequacy,and it is a predictor of cardiac events in MHD patients.Regular high-flux HDF increases the adequacy of HD treatment and improves the quality of life in MHD patients.

Aim To investigate the neurotoxicity and the changes of nitration in the striatum of rats treated with methamphetamine(MA).Methods The rats were randomly divided into MA group and control group.The stereotyped behavior and body temperature of the rats were recorded.The differences of nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase(NOS)and nitroprotein were compared between the two groups.Results The score of stereotyped behavior and the body temperature of the rats in MA group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P ＜0.01);Compared with the control group, the content of NO and the activity of NOS of striatum in MA group were significantly increased(P ＜0.01), and nitration of protein was also upregulated(P ＜0.01).Conclusion The increases of NOS activity, NO level and nitroprotein may play an important role in MA-induced neurutoxity in rat striaturn.

10.3969/j.issn.1007-3969.2013.04.009

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of constructing national key clinical specialty on high quality nursing service.Methods Using the Colaizzi 7-step analysis method to analyze the information,which through using the phenomenology research methods by making interviews with 14 clinicians,nurses and nursing administrators.Results The clinical medical staffs experienced the construction of key clinical specialist,to some extent,that would promote the development of nursing discipline,enhancing the environment and equipment in hospital,having improvement on the ability of nursing service and quality simultaneously,and then the cooperation between medical staffs and patients were more closely,while nurses bearing increased work pressure,with obviously job burnout.Conclusions The national key clinical specialist construction would effectively launching nursing quality care in depth and improving patient satisfaction with medical care,while the working pressure of nurses and the imperfection of post performance management restricted the development of nursing discipline.

Objective The sensitivity and specificity of 18 FDG PET/CT are poor in the diagnosis of gastric cancer .Gastric signet ring cell carcinoma and Mucinous gastric carcinoma is known to have low fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) uptake,but not known for poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma .This study was to investigate the value of 18 FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis of poorly differ-entiated gastric adenocarcinoma . Methods We retrospectively analyzed the results of 18 FDG PET/CT of 34 cases of histologically confirmed poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma .We recorded the volume , location , and gastric wall invasion depth , and maxi-mum standardized uptake value ( SUVmax) of the tumors and analyzed the relationship of 18 FDG uptake with the clinicopathologic pa-rameters. Results By 18 FDG-PET/CT, poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in only 67.6% of the patients (23/34).SUVmax was found to be significantly correlated with age , gastric wall invasion, and tumor size (P<0.05), but not with gender , tumor location , tumor pathologic subtype , lymph node metastasis , and distant metastasis ( P>0 .05 ) .Logistic regression a-nalysis showed the tumor size to be the sole factor influencing the 18 FDG uptake of poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma ( OR=0.37, 95%CI 0.154-0.920, P=0.03). Conclusion The di-agnostic value of 18 FDG-PET/CT is but limited for poorly differentia-ted gastric adenocarcinoma , and attention should be paid to its false-negative results .

Aim To investage the regulatory effect of alizarin on renal interlobar arterial smooth muscle cells. Method The effect of alizarin on BKCa channels was observed by whole-cell patch clamp recording tech-nique. Results Selective BKCa channel blocker ibTX inhibited alizarin-induced outward current(P<0. 05);single smooth muscle cells were incubated in extracel-lular fluid with no Ca2+ 30 minutes, selective L-Ca2+channel blocker nimodipine, selective calcium ion che-lating agent BAPTA-AM and ryanodine inhibited the a-lizarin-induced BKCa channels current, too ( P <0. 05 ) . Conclusion Alizarin relaxes renales interlobar arterial smooth muscle via activation of L-Ca2+ channel firstly, which lead to Ca2+ flowed into cytoplam, and rising of Ca2+ in cytoplam ryanodine receptor indirect-ly, and BKCa is activated at last.