Objective To explore the molecular mechanisms of primary amenorrhea by using arrayCGH technology. Methods Ten patients with primary amenorrhea and 10 female volunteers with regular menstrual cycles as healthy controls were selected. All patients and control samples were analyzed by conventional chromosome analysis (G-banding technology) and array-CGH technology, respectively. ArrayCGH was performed using Affymetrix Cytogenetic 2. 7M arrays following the manufacturer's standard protocol. Results Both the patient group and control group analyzed by conventional G-banding karyotype technology showed a negative result with a normal female karyotype: 46, XX. The result of array-CGH analysis demonstrated a microdeletion of approximately 110 000 bp located at the end of the short arm of X chromosome [46, X, del (X) (p22. 33 )] were identified in 5 patients, which was not detected in the control group. All healthy control samples by array-CGH analysis showed no pathological DNA copy number variation. Conclusions Array-CGH technology can improve the diagnosis rate of chromosomal disease at the DNA level. It is necessary to provide array-CGH for higher resolution genetic analysis of idiopathic primary amenorrhea patient who can not be identified by conventional technology.

OBJECTIVETo introduce the principle, procedure, efficacy and application of SNPstream genotyping technology.

METHODSGenotyping results of 152 SNPs were used to analyze the feasibility, call rate and accuracy of SNPstream technology.

RESULTSFor the 152 selected SNPs, 122 SNPs can be genotyped with SNPstream, for which 116 SNPs were successfully genotyped. Replication study showed that the repeatability of genotyping is 99%. When the allele cluster was clear, the accuracy can reach 100%. But when the allele cluster was obscure, the accuracy was only 93.8%.

CONCLUSIONSNPstream technology has the advantages of high accuracy, flexible throughput, and high cost performance, and may have a wide application for medical genetics research.

Alleles ; Genetics, Medical ; methods ; Genotyping Techniques ; methods ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; genetics ; Reproducibility of Results

The questionnaire of was issued to 24 colleges and universities of TCM in China. The questionnaire systematically investigated the recent disciplinary development of acupuncture-moxibustion and from the aspects of specialty construction, student enrollment, faculty construction, personnel training quality, teaching quality and scientific research results. As a result, from 2013 to October of 2017, the above aspects in 24 colleges and universities of TCM in China showed an increasing trend year by year. Based on this survey, this report aimed to fully reflect the disciplinary development of acupuncture-moxibustion and in China, which could analyze the current situation for education departments and training units, and provide data reference and support for acupuncture and discipline to become a first-class discipline.
Acupuncture ; education ; Acupuncture Therapy ; China ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; Universities

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of depression and to analyze its determinants among centenarians in Hainan.Methods:A cross-sectional study on centenarians was conducted in Hainan from June 2014 to December 2016.A total of 910 centenarians, including 166 males and 744 females, were interviewed in their domiciles by trained investigators.A 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS-15)was used to assess depression for centenarians, and general sociodemographic details, sleep quality, cognitive function, activities of daily living, and lifestyles were recorded.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine major related factors for depression in centenarians.Results:Of the 910 centenarians, 292 were regarded as depressed and the prevalence was 32.1%.Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in gender, education, marital status, self-reported health, incontinence, dietary habits, sleep quality, activities of daily living, cognitive function, outdoor activities, watching TV, and social engagement between subjects with and without depression( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that living conditions, self-reported health, activities of daily living, and sleep quality were independent related factors for depression in centenarians( P<0.05). Among the above related factors, living with families( OR=0.50, P=0.026)and good sleep quality( OR=0.67, P=0.010)were protective factors for depression, whereas poor self-reported health( OR=3.34, P<0.001)and disability( OR=2.37, P=0.002)were risk factors for depression in centenarians. Conclusions:Living conditions, self-reported health, activities of daily living, and sleep quality were independently correlated with depression in Hainan centenarians.This study provides empirical evidence for depression interventions and mental health improvement in centenarians.

Patient 1,a 12-day-old female infant,presented with fever,cough,dyspnea,and elevated infection markers,requiring respiratory support.Metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS)of blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid revealed Legionella pneumophila(LP),leading to diagnoses of LP pneumonia and LP sepsis.The patient was treated with erythromycin for 15 days and azithromycin for 5 days,resulting in recovery and discharge.Patient 2,an 11-day-old female infant,presented with dyspnea,fever,elevated infection markers,and multiple organ dysfunction,requiring mechanical ventilation.mNGS of blood and cerebrospinal fluid indicated LP,leading to diagnoses of LP pneumonia,LP sepsis,and LP intracranial infection.The patient was treated with erythromycin for 19 days and was discharged after recovery.Neonatal LP pneumonia lacks specific clinical symptoms,and azithromycin is the preferred antimicrobial agent.The use of mNGS can provide early and definitive diagnosis for severe neonatal pneumonia of unknown origin.

Objective In emergency situations where simultaneous immunization by multiple vaccines are required,how to rapidly evaluate the effect of combined immunization is an urgent issue that needs to be solved.This study aimed to investigate the po-tential role and application value of the phenotypic changes of macrophages in rapid evaluation of the effect of combined Yersinia pestis and Brucella bovis vaccine immunization at early stage.Methods Y.pestis and B.bovis vaccines were injected into mice alone or in combination to establish animal models.The changes of the macrophage phenotypes(M1 or M2 polarization)and the CD8+T cell pheno-types and functions were detected in the early(4 d)and the late(14 d)stage of the immunization,respectively.The effect of the immuno-phenotype of macrophages at early stage on the function of CD8+T cells at late stage was analyzed.Results The co-immunization by Y.pestis and B.bovis vaccines led to the attenuation of the M1-polarization of macrophages at early stage,which were marked by de-creased expression of CD16/32 and increased expression of Detectin-1 on cell surface as well as decreased expression of IL-12 and in-creased expression of IL-4 inside the macrophage,in comparison with single vaccine groups,suggesting an interference between the two vaccines.Meanwhile,the activity of CD8+T cells(including the ratio of CD8+CD69+T,CD8+IFN-γ+T and CD8+GranzymeB+T cells) in combined immunization group showed similar tendency to the attenuated phenotypic M1-polarization of macrophages. Conclusion The phenotype of macrophages at the early stage of the co-immunization by Y.pestis and B.bovis vaccines showed consistency with the phenotype and function of CD8+T cells at late stage.It might give us some hint about the possibility of utilizing the phenotypic changes of macrophages to rapidly evaluate the effect of the co-immunization at early stage.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect of cluster acupuncture at scalp points in treating limb spasm after stroke on the basis of conventional exercise therapy. METHODS: A total of 72 patients with limb spasm after stroke were randomly divided into an observation group (36 cases, 5 cases dropped off) and a control group (36 cases, 6 cases dropped off). The control group was treated with exercise therapy. In the observation group, on the basis of the control group, penetrating technique of acupuncture was exerted at Qianding (GV 21) to Baihui (GV 20), Xinhui (GV 22) to Qianding (GV 21), etc. once a day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, the changes of the modified Ashworth scale (MAS), simplified Fugl-Meyer motor assessment (FMA), and modified Barthel index (MBI) scores of the two groups were compared. RESULTS: After treatment, the MAS scores of upper and lower limbs in the two groups were lower than before treatment (P<0.05), and those in the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of FMA and BMI in the two groups were higher than before treatment (P<0.05), and the score of MBI in the observation group was higher than the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION On the basis of conventional exercise therapy, cluster acupuncture at scalp points can reduce the spasm, improve motor function and activities of daily living in patients with limb spasm after stroke.
Activities of Daily Living ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; Exercise Therapy ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Scalp ; Spasm ; Stroke/therapy* ; Stroke Rehabilitation ; Treatment Outcome

Subjective cognitive decline(SCD),a clinical condition in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease,manifests as a continuous decrease in the individual's self-conscious cognitive function but with normal objective cognitive indicators. Research on SCD helps to identify individuals at high risk of senile dementia and explore the effective prevention and intervention strategies. This article reviews the recent research advances in SCD,with an attempt to provide evidence for early intervention in patients with SCD.
Alzheimer Disease ; Cognition ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; Humans