Modern perinatal and neonatal medical advances make the survival rate of extremely low birth weight infants(ELBWI) higher,but its neurodevelopmental impairment,growth stasis and health status are poor.The survival rate of our county is lower than that of developed countries.In China,there are a few reports on neurodevelopment injury of ELBWI.This review will summarize prevention and prognosis on neurodevelopmental of ELBWI.

Microglia are functionally principal immune effector cells widely spread in the central nervous system ( CNS) and physiological play a role in monitoring and stabilizing the internal environment. Very sensitive to external stimulation, microglia are eas-ily activated by slight pathological changes in the CNS. The activated microglia, on the one hand, phagocytize cellular debris and ex-crete growth factors to promote nerve repair and, on the other hand, also produce some inflammatory cytokines, glutamate, and nitric oxide, which may aggravate the inflammatory response and lead to secondary injury. This article summarizes the characteristics of mi-croglia and their involvement in CNS diseases and provides a new target for their treatment.

Aim To investigate the effects of ampelopsin on induction of apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma Bel-7402 cells.Methods Bel-7402 cells were treated with ampelopsin with different concentrations for 24,48 and 72 h.The cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay.The morphological change of cells was observed through microscope observation by fluorescence staining.DNA fragmentation was visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis.The apoptosis rate was analyzed by flow cytometry.The expressions of caspase-3,Bcl-2 and Bax protein were detected by Western blot.Results Ampelopsin inhibited the proliferation of Bel-7402 cell line in a dose-and time-dependent manner.The IC50 values were 89.6?16.1,36.2?6.5 and 15.3?3.0 mg?L-1 at 24,48 and 72 h,respectively.The fluorescence microscope showed clearly cell apoptosis with apoptotic body.Agarose gel electrophoresis result showed that Bel-7402 treated with ampelopsin produced a DNA ladder band.The sub-G1 peak was detected and resulted in dose-and time-dependent increasing of the population of sub-G1 DNA content by flow cytometry.The expression of Bcl-2 protein was down-regulated,while the expression of Bax protein was up-regulated.The pro-caspase-3 protein was down-expressed and activated.Conclusions Ampelopsin could inhibit Bel-7402 proliferation through inducing cell apoptosis.The mechanism might be that ampelopsin could directly or indirectly enhance the level of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 and decrease the level of apoptosis protein Bax.The pathway of pro-caspase-3 activated was initiated and effector caspase-3 was sequentially activated.

Objective: To assess the effect of Linghuang powder (LHP) in treating acute nonspecific lower urinary tract infection (ANLUTI) with lower-Jiao damp-heat syndrome and evaluate its safety. Methods: A randomized controlled design was adopted. Four hundred and fourteen patients were allocated to LHP treatment group, control group and open treatment group. Results: The markedly effective rate of short-term treatment with LHP was 71.78%, and the total effective rate was 92.02%, the total rates of improving urine routine and urine bacterium were 95.21% and 79.37% respectively in LHP treatment group. Conclusion:The effect of LHP for ANLUTI with lower-jiao damp-heat syndrome is better than that in the control group (P

Objective: To assess the effect and safety of Qingwei Zhitong Pill(QZP) in treating duodenal ulcer with fire stagnation syndrome. Methods: A randomized, double-blinded double-mimic controlled trial was adopted. Sixty patients were treated with QZP, 60 with Sifang Wei tablet(SWT) and 40 served as the open treatment group. Results: In QZP group, the markedly effective rate evaluated by gastroscopy was 48.33%and the total effective rate was 76.67%; the markedly effective rate in relieving TCM syndromes was 73.33%and the total effective rate was 88.33%, the differences between the treatment group and the control group were significant (P

Objective To assess the therapeutic effect and safety of Longxiong Pingchuan Capsule(LPC) in treating bronchial asthma with sputum-stasis stagnation syndrome.Methods A randomized,double-blind positive controlled trial was adopted.Fifty two patients with bronchial asthma were treated with LPC,18 with Juanxiao Pill(JP).Results Compared with those before treatment,forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1)and peak expiratory flow(PEF)increase obviously after treatment,difference being significant(P

Objective: To assess the effect of Linghuang powder ( LHP) in treating acute nonspecific lower urinary tract infection (ANLUTI) with l ower-Jiao damp-heat syndrome and evaluate its safety. Methods: A randomized cont rolled design was adopted. Four hundred and fourteen patients were allocated to LHP treatment group, control group and open treatment group. Results: The marked ly effective rate of short-term treatment with LHP was 71.78%, and the total effective rate was 92.02%, the total rates of im proving urine routine and urine bacterium were 95.21% and 79.37% respectively in LHP treatment group. Conclusion:The effect of LHP for ANLUTI with lower-jiao damp-heat syndrome is better than that in the control group (P<0.01).

The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy is complicated.The vast network of multiple factors including unifying mechanism,inflammatory reaction,neuron degeneration and metabolic memory of glucose,and the four established pathogenic molecular pathways are hotspots of mechanism research for diabetic retinopathy.Nevertheless,these researches may be only one corner of the iceberg of DR mechanism,and we still face enormous challenges in DR mechanism research.Collaboration with multiple disciplines to study the relationship between DR and diabetes and other systemic diseases,search novel therapy targets may increase the result in an unexpected windfall for DR basic research.

The effect of metabolic syndrome on patients with pre-diabetes in regard to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVD) was investigated.The subjets with pre-diabetes were divided into metabolic syndrome (MS) group and non-MS.Follow-up after the baseline survey,the new-onset cardiovascular events of patients were collected.The incidence of CCVD in the MS group was 5.66％,being higher than 1.88％ in non-MS group (P＜0.05).After factors being corrected,compared with the non-MS group,the relative risk (RR) of CCVD in MS group was 2.616 (95％ CI 1.328-5.153).Compared to only 1 component of MS patients,the risks of CCVD in MS component 2,≥3 patients were increased by 29％ (HR =1.29) and 62％ (HR =1.62).Metabolic syndrome may increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in pre-diabetes populations.The occurrence of CCVD and MS content showed a dose-dependent relationship.

Objective To explore the clinical analysis of Compound Erlongzuoci pill combined with auricular point stickingand vitamin B12 acupoint injection therapy on nervous tinnitus of middle and old aged.Methods 80 cases of middle and old aged patients with neurogenic tinnitus treated in our hospital from November 2015 to November 2016 were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the observation group, 40 cases of patients in each group, the control group was given Auricular Pressure Combined with vitamin B12 acupoint injection, the observation group was treated with Compound Erlongzuoci pills combined with auricular point sticking therapy and vitamin B12 acupoint injection,The clinical therapeutic effect of two groups, the tinnitus severity score of patients before and after treatment, the changes of tinnitus loudness and different frequency thresholds were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate of the clinical observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Before treatment, there is no significant difference between tinnitus severity score, tinnitus loudness and hearing threshold between the two groups,the indexes after treatment in two groups were significantly improved(P<0.05), and the observation group tinnitus severity score, tinnitus loudness and different frequency thresholds were significantly lower than the control group, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Compound Erlongzuoci pill combined with auricular senile nervous tinnitus pressure and vitamin B12 acupoint injection therapy can significantly improve the degree of tinnitus patients, the clinical effect is confirmed.