Follow-Up Studies ; Forearm ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Melanoma ; congenital ; surgery ; Skin Neoplasms ; congenital ; surgery

Objective: To compare tea polysaccharides(TPS) characteristics and their role in scavenging free radicals and reducing blood glucose(BG) in diabetic mice(DM). Methods: TPS was extracted from green,Oolong and black tea which were made from the same fresh leaves from Hubei,Fujian and Yunnan. Then the recovery rate of TPS, contents of neutral sugar, uronic acid and protein were analysed, and scavenging rate of -2Oand 稯H in vitro and hypoglycemic effect were also determined. Results: 1. The yield and contents of neutral sugar, uronic acid and protein of green tea TPS were the highest, and those of black tea TPS were the lowest. Oolong tea TPS acted the best in scavenging-2O and 稯H . 2. The hypoglycemic effect of TPS from Hubei tea was the best . The effect of TPS extracted from semi-fermented Oolong tea and fermented black tea was better than that of non-fermented green tea. 3. There were obvious differences in yield, free radical scavenging rate and effect of reducing BG among TPS extracted from tea in different regions. TPS extracted from Fujian tea had the best effect in reducing BG,but that from Yunnan tea had not. Conclusion: There was remarkable effect of region and process on physico-chemical characteristics,effect of scavenging radical and reducing blood sugar TSP.

Objective: To observe the joint effect of school and family tobacco control on middle school students, and to explore its effectiveness in reducing second-hand smoke exposure in middle school students’ families, as so asto provide a new way of thinking for controlling smoking among middle school sudents. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted on the study of 2 125 primary and high school students in four middle schools in the Dongcheng District of Beijing by means of a stratified group sampling method. Personal information of students, tobacco control environment around the family, school and surrounding ares, as well as the knowledge, attitude and behavior of students related to tobacco control was collected. Results: The exposure rate of second-hand smoke in the families of middle and high school students in Dongcheng District of Beijing was 33.41%. Smoking by at least one parent was positively correlated with second-hand smoke exposure in the student’s home (OR=22.88, P<0.05). Among the students who saw the "clear no-smoking label" on campus, the exposure rate (4.92%) when the smoking restriction was set on the home was lower than that of those who did not have a regulation in the home (58.94%) (χ2=452.57, P<0.01). The results of Logistic regression showed that there was a combination of family smoking restrictions and second-hand smoke exposure in middle and high school students who had seen the smoking ban on campus (OR=0.08) and had the school’s tobacco control education (OR=0.08). Conclusion The joint tobacco control measures between school and family can effectively reduce the exposure rate of second-hand smoke in middle school students’ families, which is better than the effect of tobacco control alone.

OBJECTIVETo explore the expression and clinical significance of ID1 gene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients.

METHODReal-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) was used to test the expression level of ID1 gene in 114 de novo adult AML patients, and the clinical features of these patients were analyzed.

RESULTSID1 gene transcript levels were detectable in BM mononuclear cells from 114 patients with AML, the median expression level of all samples was 8525 (range: 57 - 11 233 238). There was a statistically significant difference on expression level of ID1 gene among the three different cytogenetic prognosis groups, and the poor prognosis group (median: 36 840, range: 336 - 11 233 238) harbored the significantly higher level of ID1 gene than the intermediate prognosis group (Median: 6630, range: 66 - 1 840 798) (P = 0.006). The expression level of ID1 gene was positively associated with older age (age ≥ 60 years vs < 60 years, P = 0.002) and higher WBC count (WBC ≥ 10×10(9)/L vs < 10×10(9)/L, P = 0.005). Young patients (age < 60 years) who were not obtained the complete remission (non-CR) after the first cycle of chemotherapy harbored the high level of ID1 gene (Median: 9537 of non-CR vs 1268 of CR, P = 0.010).

CONCLUSIONSHigh expression level of ID1 gene was mostly seen in AML patients with adverse cytogenetics and older age (age ≥ 60 years), and may be associated with poor prognosis of AML. ID1 gene might be a prognostic molecular marker of AML.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; diagnosis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the effect of family-centered nursing on family function and family burden of schizophrenic patients.Methods A total of 108 schizophrenic patients with the whole course less than 5 years were randomly divided into study group(n =53)and control group(n =55).The two groups received the routine antipsychotic drugs maintenance therapy and the general psychological education.In addition,the study group received the family-centered nursing intervention,and the total following-up course was 1 year.To evaluate the family situation and psychotic symptoms of patients,all the participants were assessed by using Family Assessment Device (FAD),Family Burden Scale of Disease (FBS) and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) at entry and 1 year after discharged.Results There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in scores of BPRS,FAD and FBS at baseline (P ＞ 0.05).After 1 year,the scores of BPRS (24.60 ± 7.87),total function of FAD (26.8 ± 3.7) and FBS (20.60 ± 9.91) in the study group were lower than those in the control group:BPRS (28.91 ± 8.72),FAD (30.1 ± 3.4) and FBS (30.76 ± 12.27),and the difference was statistically significant (t =2.61,4.67,4.57,respectively; P ＜0.05).The scores of each factor of FAD and four domains of FBS (such as family economic burden,family daily activities,familyent ertainment and mental health of family member) of the study group were lower than those of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The family-centered nursing model is helpful to improve family function,the prognosis of the disease and to decrease family burden of schizophrenia.

Objective: To explore the mechanism of herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion in Crohn disease (CD) treatment by observing the effect of herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion on protein expressions of colonic M2 macrophage marker CD206, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) 2. Methods: Twenty-six specific pathogen free male rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group and a herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group. The CD model was prepared by enema with the mixture of 5％ (W/V) 2,4,6- trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) and 50％ ethanol at 2:1 (volume ratio). After the model was successfully prepared, rats in the herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group received herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion at Qihai (CV 6) and bilateral Tianshu (ST 25). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of rat colon; immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of colonic CD206 protein; Western blot, immunofluorescence, and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) technologies were used to detect the protein and mRNA expressions of colonic AMPK and TSC2. Results: Compared with the normal group, rats in the model group showed damaged colonic mucosa, missing of the epithelial layer, thickened submucosa, vascular proliferation, massive infiltration of monocytes and lymphocytes, and cracked ulcers that reached the muscle layer. Rats in the herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group showed reduced intestinal inflammation and healing intestinal epithelium ulcers. Compared with the normal group, rat colonic CD206 protein expression, and the protein and mRNA expressions of colonic AMPK and TSC2 were decreased in the model group (all P<0.01); compared with the model group, rat colonic CD206 protein expression was increased (P<0.01), as well as the protein and mRNA expressions of AMPK and TSC2 in the herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion can reduce intestinal inflammation in CD rats, increase colonic CD206 protein expression, and up-regulate the protein and mRNA expressions of colonic AMPK and TSC2.

Objective To investigate antimicrobial resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae clinically isolated from 14 teaching hospitals located at different areas in China in 2005-2008 and to give logical guidance for clinical empirical therapy.Methods A total of 1 317 non-repetitive S.pneumoniae isolates in 14 teaching hospitals from 2005-2008 were collected and sent to the central lab for reidentification and susceptibility testing, including 271 isolates collected in 2005, 391 isolates collected in 2006, 363 isolates collected in 2007 and 292 isolates collected in 2008. Most of the isolates were from community-acquired respiratory tract infections, which were isolated from outpatient or emergency department patients with respiratory tract infections or those patients with respiratory tract infections within ≤48 hours hospitalization.The districts where the organisms were isolated include North China, Northeast China, South China, Central and Northwest China and East China.The patients included adults, teenagers and children.The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) or inhibitory zone diameter of 17 antimicrobial agents were determined by Etest method, agar dilution method or disk diffusion method.WHONET5.5 software was used to analyze susceptibility rate, intermediate rate, resistance rate, MIC50 and MIC90.Results Linezolid (100%) and fluoroquinolones (95.2%-99.7%) showed excellent activities against S.pneumoniae.Among β-lactams, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid remained high activities (73.8%-92.1%),followed by penicillin, ceftriaxone and cefepime with year-over-year decrease in activities.The activities of three second-generation cephalosporins were low (36.3%-38.4% in 2008).The activities of erythromycin, azithromycin, clindamycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline against S.pneumoniae were poor and decreased year over year.The incidence of penicillin non-susceptible S.pneumoniae (PNSP) was increasing especially for PISP (from 4.4% in 2005 to 20.2% in 2008).The incidence of PNSP in North China was low (6.0%), while this value were high in central China and East China (30.1% and 38.7%, separately).The incidence of PNSP in adults (15.7%) was obviously lower than that in children(≤5 years:33.0%) and teenagers (6-17 years:38.2%).Conclusions linezolid and fluoroquinolones showed excellent in vitro activity against S.pneumoniae, followed by penicillin and cephalosporins with year-over-year decrease of activity. Clinicians should pay more attention when using those antimicrobial agents with poor activity against S.pneumoniae, which include macrolides, clindamycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline.

OBJECTIVETo study the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the urban and the rural areas in Chengdu, Southwest China.

METHODSResidents aged 55 or over were selected by stratified random cluster sampling from 19 districts, cities, and counties of Chengdu area in Sichuan province. A two-stage survey was carried out. In the first stage, CMMSE, CES-D were used as screening instruments. In the second stage, Diagnostic questionnaires of dementia and CDR were used as diagnostic instruments. The diagnostic criteria of mild cognitive impairment adopted from Petersen's were: (1) memory complaint; (2) normal activities of daily living; (3) normal general cognitive function; (4) memory impairment incompatible with age; (5) not demented; (6) CDR = 0.5 and (7) exclusion of the reversible cognitive impairment caused by other factors (i.e. depression).

RESULTSThree thousand, nine hundred and ten subjects were examined. The prevalence rates of MCI was 2.4%. The MCI prevalence rates in the urban and the rural areas were 1.5%, 2.5% respectively, without significant difference. The MCI prevalence in males and females were 1.8%, 2.9% respectively. Prevalence rate in female was higher than in males with significant difference. Prevalence of illiteracy (4.0%) was the highest among different educational levels. The accumulated prevalence increased with age.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of MCI (2.4%) was slightly higher than the prevalence of AD (2.05%) in the same areas of Chengdu. MCI seemed to be a high risk factor for AD which should to be followed up. Early intervention in MCI might be helpful in the prevention of AD.

Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Cognition Disorders ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Random Allocation ; Residence Characteristics ; statistics & numerical data ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Social Class

OBJECTIVE To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of hospital-and community-acquired pathogens collected from 10 teaching hospitals located at different areas in China in 2006.METHODS According to the study protocol,the strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae,meticillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus(MSSA),Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were collected and sent to the central lab for reidentification and susceptibility testing.The minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of antimicrobial agents against Str.pneumoniae were determined by Etest method and MICs of antimicrobial agents against S.aureus,E.coli and K.pneumoniae strains were determined by agar dilution method.WHONET5.4 software was used to analyze the data.RESULTS Among 353 Str.pneumoniae strains,74.2% were penicillin-susceptible(PSSP),9.6% were penicillin-intermediate(PISP) and 16.2% were penicillin-resistant(PRSP).Strains from different hospitals showed different sensitivity to penicillin.Among ?-lactam antibiotics,cefuroxime showed the lowest susceptibility rate of 0%(for PRSP) to 76.7%(for PSSP).The susceptibility rate to ceftriaxone and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was 98.1% and 98.9% in PSSP group,61.8% and 64.7% in PISP group,and 15.8% and 10.5% in PRSP group.The ESBLs rate was 56.2% among 267 Escherichia strains and 42.7% among 206 K.pneumoniae strains.For ESBLs-producing strains,the susceptibility rates to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone were low and the rate to ceftazidime was relatively high among ?-lactam antibiotics.73.4% MSSA strains produced ?-lactamase.?-Lactam antibiotics tested showed high susceptibility against MSSA strains.The susceptibility rate was 98.9-100%.The susceptibility rate to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin was 80.8% and 88.1%,separately.CONCLUSIONS Fluoroquinolones show high susceptibility against Str.pneumoniae.Ceftriaxone and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid have relatively high susceptibility among ?-lactams.For MSSA and non-ESBLs-producing E.coli and K.pneumoniae strains,?-lactams show high susceptibility.For ESBLs-producing E.coli and K.pneumoniae strains,the susceptibility rates to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone are low and that to ceftazidime,cefepime and cefoperazone-sulbactam are relatively high.

Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS) combined with band screening method and modeling algorithm can be used to achieve the rapid and non-destructive detection of the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) production process. This paper focused on the ginkgo leaf macroporous resin purification process, which is the key technology of Yinshen Tongluo Capsules, in order to achieve the rapid determination of quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin in effluent. The abnormal spectrum was eliminated by Mahalanobis distance algorithm, and the data set was divided by the sample set partitioning method based on joint X-Y distances(SPXY). The key information bands were selected by synergy interval partial least squares(siPLS); based on that, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling(CARS), successive projections algorithm(SPA) and Monte Carlo uninformative variable(MC-UVE) were used to select wavelengths to obtain less but more critical variable data. With selected key variables as input, the quantitative analysis model was established by genetic algorithm joint extreme learning machine(GA-ELM) algorithm. The performance of the model was compared with that of partial least squares regression(PLSR). The results showed that the combination with siPLS-CARS-GA-ELM could achieve the optimal model performance with the minimum number of variables. The calibration set correlation coefficient R_c and the validation set correlation coefficient R_p of quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin were all above 0.98. The root mean square error of calibration(RMSEC), the root mean square error of prediction(RMSEP) and the relative standard errors of prediction(RSEP) were 0.030 0, 0.029 2 and 8.88%, 0.041 4, 0.034 8 and 8.46%, 0.029 3, 0.027 1 and 10.10%, respectively. Compared with the PLSR me-thod, the performance of the GA-ELM model was greatly improved, which proved that NIRS combined with GA-ELM method has a great potential for rapid determination of effective components of TCM.
Algorithms ; Ginkgo biloba ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Plant Leaves ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared