Objective To observe the effects of bulbar subconjunctival and periocular injection of dexamethasonone on blood glucose levels of type 1 diabetic mellitus (T1DM)rats.Methods 80 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into Group Ⅰ (n-=-40) and Group Ⅱ (n =40).Group Ⅰ rats received intraperitoneal (IP) injection of streptozotocin to induce T1DM model,while Group Ⅱ rats received IP injection of citrate buffer solution and was the control group.Group Ⅰ rats and Group Ⅱ rats were further divided into four subgroups:A (n=10),a (n=10),B (n=10),and b (n=10).Subgroup-A rats received bulbar subconjunctival injection of dexamethasone,subgroup-a rats received bulbar subconjunctival injection of saline,subgroup-B rats received periocular injection of dexamethasone,subgroup-b rats received periocular injection of saline.After the injection,rats were fasted but could drink water.Tail vein blood samples were collected and the blood glucose level was measured by glucose monitor.Results After modeling,the blood glucose level of Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ rats was(9.31±1.79) mmol/L and (5.72±0.80) mmol/L respectively,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The blood glucose level of Group Ⅰ rats reached the peak in 3h after injection.In 6-24 h after injection,the blood glucose level of Group Ⅰ A rats was obviously increased than that of the blood glucose level of Group Ⅰa rats and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).In 3-24 hours after injection,the blood glucose level of Group Ⅰ B rats was obviously increased than that of the blood glucose level of Group Ⅰ b rats and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Comparing the blood glucose level during different injection time between Group Ⅰ A rats and Group Ⅰ B rats,between Group Ⅰ a rats and Group Ⅰ b rats,the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).In 3-24 hours after injection,the blood glucose level of Group Ⅱ A rats was obviously increased than that of the blood glucose level of Group Ⅱ a rats and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05);the blood glucose level of Group Ⅱ B rats was obviously increased than that of the blood glucose level of Group Ⅱb rats and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Comparing the blood glucose level during different injection time between Group Ⅱ A rats and Group Ⅱ B rats,between Group Ⅱ a rats and Group Ⅱ b rats,the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Bulbar subconjunctival injection and periocular injection of dexamethasone could both increase the blood glucose of TIDM rats,but these two injection methods had no differences on the blood glucose level.

133 teeth in 34 children aged 4 to 8 year-old were recruited for the treatment of bilateral maxillary primary canines or primary molars with deep caries,chronic pulpitis or chronic periapical periodontitis under local anesthesia.Buccal infiltration(BI)with conventional syringe(CS)was used for one quadrant,anterior middle superior alveolar anesthesia(AMSA)with computer-controlled local anesthesia de-livery system(C-CLADS)on the contralateral side.The injection duration(s)of CS and C-CLADS was 63.6 ±22.6 and 136.6 ±12.4 re-spectively(P =0.000).The pain perception of C-CLADS injection was significantly lower than that of CS(P <0.05),that during operation was not statistically different(P >0.05).55.9% children preferred C-CLADS anesthesia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the UGT-isoform specific metabolic fingerprint (GSMF) of baicalein, and to determine and predict its glucuronidation behavior in liver microsomes by using isoform-specific metabolism rates and kinetics. METHODS: In vitro glucuronidation rates and profiles were measured using 12 kinds of expressed UGTs and human liver microsomes. RESULTS: GSMF experiments showed that UGT1A9 was the most active isoform for baicalein metabolism. Isoform-specific metabolism and a comparison of the kinetic parameters suggested that UGT1 A9 was likely the main isoform responsible for the liver metabolism of baicalein. Correlation study also clearly showed that UGT isoform-specific metabolism could describe the metabolism rates and profile of baicalein in human liver microsomes. CONCLUSION: Baicalein is metabolized mainly by UGT1A9.GSMF and isoform-specific metabolism profile of baicalein can determine and predict its glucuronidation rates and profile in human liver microsomes. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Objective: To observe the effect intraperitoneal injection of low dose ketamine on thermal hyperalgesia and expression of P2X4 receptor in spinal dorsal horn of rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve, and to explore the potential role of P2X4, receptor in the neuropathic pain. Methods: Totally 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8): group S (sham group), group C: CCI + normal saline; and group K:CCI+ketamine (10mg · kg-1). Rat CCI model was used in the latter 2 groups. Three days after operation the thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) was determined to confirm the thermal hyperalgesia. Rats in group K were given low dose of ketamine (10mg · kg-1) and those in group C were given the same volume of normal saline for 7 days after operation. Animals in group S only had sciatic nerve exposed, with no ligation or drugs. TWL was determined 1 day before and 1, 3, 7 days after the operation. The expression of P2X4 receptor was assessed 7 days after the operation using immunohistochemistry. Results: The TWL values were similar between the 3 groups before operation. The value in group S was slightly decreased after operation compared with before operation. Compared with the pre-operation, group S, and group C, the TWL value of group K began to gradually increase 3 days after operation till day 7 after operation (P<0.05). On day 7 after operation, the TWL value was significantly higher than group C (P<0.05), but was still lower than that in group S (P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of P2X4 receptor in group C, K were significantly higher than that of group S (P<0.01) and the expression in group K was significantly lower than that in group C (P<0.05). Conclusion: Intraperitoneal injection of ketamine can partly relieve the thermal hyperalgesia in rats with CCI of sciatic nerve, which might be related to the inhibition of P2X4 receptor expression in the spinal dorsal horn.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Tai Ji Quan (TJQ) training on strength and function of lower limbs in the aged.

METHODSSixty senile subjects were recruited and assigned to the TJQ group and the control group (imparting health knowledge)by random digit table. Patients in the TJQ group received 24-style TJQ training for 18 months (60 min each time, 5 times per week), while those in the control group were imparted with sarcopenia related causes, pathogeneses, prevention and control measures. The maximum isometric strength of bilateral iliopsoas, quadriceps femoris, tibialis anterior muscle, hamstrings; the time for 5 sitting-up tests and Time Up and Go Test (TUGT), one-leg standing time with closed eyes test; and the score of Berg balance scale were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSCompared with before treatment, muscle strength increased in the TJQ group with an average increased capacity (rate) as follows, bilateral iliopsoas 5.5 kg (16.9%), quadriceps femoris 5.5 kg (26.2%), and tibialis anterior muscle 8.5 kg (36.2%) (all P < 0.05). The time for TUGT and 5 sitting-up tests was shortened by 1.3 s (16.7%) and 0.9 s (14.5%) respectively in the TJQ group. The time for one-leg standing time with closed eyes test was increased by 8.4 s (left) and 9.1 s (right) respectively. The score of Berg balance scale increased by 4.3% (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, bilateral quadriceps femoris and tibialis anterior muscle strength increased significantly (P < 0.01); the time for TUGT and 5 sitting-up tests, the time for one-leg standing time with closed eyes test, scores of Berg balance scale were all improved in the TJQ group after intervention (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTJQ training could improve strength of iliopsoas, quadriceps femoris, tibialis anterior muscle in the aged, elevate their balance and locomotor activities, and possibly prevent and treat sarcopenia.

The catalogue for regular college programs is the guide to offering specialties and academic degrees in medical colleges and universities.It serves as the orienting framework under which to develop human resources at the institution of higher learning.Thus,it is an important task concerning the overall reform and development of tertiary education to revise the catalogue for regular college programs.This paper discusses the adjustment of such kind of catalogs in terms of their special aspects and distinctive qualities of medical education with an attempt to draw the attention of more experts and scholars to this research direction in order to ensure a stable,scientific,and continuous development of the catalog for medical sciences.

Aiming at the weakness of the medical graduate students' ideological and political education,we developed the new mode via investigation and surveying,allowing for the medical characteristics. We suggested that we should bring into full play the tutors and their groups function and excavate the connotation of groups’ morality education on the basis of the scientific research groups to develop the medical students' ideological and political education.

In order to investigate the effect of Polo-like kinase-1 (Plk1) depletion on cell cycle progression and cell growth in lung cancer cells, a recombinant plasmid containing antisense RNA targeting Plk1 (pcDNA3-Plk1) was transfected into A549 cells by lipofectine. RT-PCR and Western-blot were used to detect the Plk1 gene expression. Cell proliferation was evaluated by direct cell counting and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were examined by flow cytometry, and the inhibition rate (IR) by vinorebline (NVB) was determined by MTT assay. The results showed that after transfection of pcDNA3-Plk1 into A549 cells, the expression levels of Plk1 mRNA and protein were greatly decreased. In pcDNA3-Plk1 transfected groups, abnormal morphological changes of cells and growth inhibition were observed, and the BrdU labeling index was significantly lower than in the control groups (P<0.05). Cells in pcDNA3-Plk1 transfected groups were arresed in G2/M phase and apoptosis was detectable 72 h post transfection. IR induced by vinorebline in pcDNA3-Plk1 transfected groups was significantly higher than in other groups. These data suggested that antisense RNA targeting Plk1 could suppress the Plk1 expression, and therefore, significantly inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, it sensitized lung cancer cells to chemotherapy.

Tear is a complex fluid mainly secreted by lacrimal gland.It is a complex body fluid,which may contain thousands of protein/peptides and other molecules.Studies have determined that the changes in the chemical compositions of tears play an important role in some diseases and their progression.Tear components including protein,lipid and metabolites,which is easy to be obtained,not only can be used for biomarkers,can also be used to study an eye the onset of systemic disease process.Measuring the changes in composition of tear may be used to determine the critical path of the disease development,provide a new possibility for prevention and treatment.This article reviews the ophthalmic applications of tear markers in the systemic disease,which has not been determined so far.

A simulated practicing physician test for trainees of clinical speciality could be important for increasing the rate of passing the real examination.In the past three years,we had investigated the rates of passing practicing physician examination from the several top first-class hospitals,and summarized the experience about the practicing physician examination of ours.Then,we had took an initial practice in simulated practicing physician examination for five-year-program and seven-year-program medical students,and got some achievements.