Objective:To optimize the extraction technology of compound Xiongdan capsules. Methods: The effects of water a-mount, decoction duration and decoction times on the water extraction technology were investigated by orthogonal design using the ex-tract derivation rate and the content of ginsenoside Rg1 , Re and Rb1 as the indices. Results:The optimal water extraction conditions for ginseng and Nidus vespa were as follows:decocting three times with 8-fold of water, and extracting for one hour each time. The extract was condensed until the relative density was 1.20(80-90℃), and then dried and crushed into fine powder. The other herbs were crushed into fine powder and screened by No. 5 meshes. The above powder was blended and well mixed with starch, and then packed into capsules. Conclusion:The optimized water extraction technology is stable, feasible and reproducible, which provide reference for industrial production.

The pathogenesis of diabetes is complicated by several factors including autoimmunity, environment, heredi?ty, and etc. Autophagy is a kind of intracellular biodegradation processes, which plays an important role in intracellular ho?meostasis of islet cells. In diabetes, autophagy is involved in the endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammatory, and it affects the development of the disease. In this paper, we reviewed the interactions of autophagy with endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction with inflammation in diabetes in order to investigate the patho?genesis of diabetes, to find new strategies for prevention or treatment of diabetes.

Objective To evaluate the long-term clinical efficacy and security of levetiracetam (Lev) as add-on therapy in patients with different types of epilepsies from an observational study.Methods Fifty-one patients were evaluated (14 female,37male,age range from 7months to 16 years,mean age 8.7 years) with different types of epilepsies ( 20 complex partial seizure,10 tonic-clonic seizure,1 tonic seizure,6 myoclonic epilepsy,2 Lennox-Gastaut syndrome,4 infantile spasms and 2 unspecified epileptic syndromes).The basis for comparison was defined as the seizure frequency in the 3 months prior to the commencement of treatment.Patients received Lev as add-on therapy.The initial dosage was 20 mg/(kg?d),and it was increased 10 mg/(kg?d) every 2 weeks.The maintenance dosage was 30-40 mg/(kg?d).Seizure frequency changes and adverse events were observed.Follow-up was conducted for a period of 6.8 months after treatment.SPSS 14.0 software was used to compare the difference between the seizure frequency before the Lev treatment and that after the Lev treatment.Results Thirteen (25.5%) out of the 51 patients reduced seizure frequency,16 (31.4%) patients had no reoccurrence;While another 9 (17.6%) patients seizure frequencied were reduced,8 patients' remained the same,and 5 patients' condition was got wor-sened.Six cases ceased treatment because of the worsening of the disease and the intolerance of Lev.The difference and after seizure frequency before in Lev treatment is statistically significant(P

0.05).The period when epileptiform abnormalities appear was obviously different(P

0.05).Of essay group 19 children whose PET were normal or slight abnormal,8 children's VEEG had epileptifrom abnormalities only appear in lucid interval,8 children's VEEG had epileptifrom abnormalities appear in nocturnal sleep period,3 children's VEEG had epileptifrom abnormalities appear in lucid interval and nocturnal sleep period.Of essay group,7 children whose PET were serious abnormal,6 children's VEEG had epileptifrom abnormalities appear in lucid interval and nocturnal sleep period.The PET outcome was relate with the time of VEEG epileptic discharge(r=0.461 P

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of mirtazapine and buspirone on panic disorder.Methods 86 cases with panic disorder were divided into two groups: the mirtazapine(30～60 mg/d) group and the buspirone(15～30 mg/d) group.Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA) was adopted to evaluate the efficacy.Safety was evaluated with Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale(TESS),laboratorial and physical examination.Results The effective rate of mirtazapine group and buspirone group was 90.7% and 83.7% respectively 8 weeks after treatment(χ2=1.17,P>0.05).The scores of HAMA of the mirtazapine group decreased more than that of the buspirone group 1 or 2 weeks after treatment(tt=2.94,P<0.01 and t=2.49,P<0.05 respectively).At the end of wk,But there was not significant difference between two groups 4 or 8 weeks after treatment(P>0.05).Some mild side-effects were observed in both groups.Conclusion Mirtazapine shows a similar effect to buspirone and takes effect earlier on panic disorder.

Objective To assess the long efficacy and safety of Lamotrigine(LTG) monotherapy and add-on therapy different types of epileptic seizures in children.Methods According to the classification of the 1981 and 1989 International Union of Antiepileptic for epileptic seizure,a total of 124 cases with epilepsy were included in the study and divided into non-refractory group with 93 cases and refractory group with 31 cases.LTG treatment only or add-on were used.Original drug dosage was not changed and LTG was added slowly and carefully untill the terrible side effect appeared.The average monthly seizure frequency with baseline in the last 3 months was compared and the side effect was observed.Results Total efficiency was 72.6%,control rate was 51.6%.Total efficiency and control rate of the non-refractory group was 81.0% and 61.3%,which was significantly higher than those of refractory group(48.4%,22.6%).Total efficiency and control rate of the combination group with LTG and valproate sodium(VPA) was 78.4% and 54.5%,which was significantly higher than those of the group of LTG only(61.0%,44.0%).Clinical results was different significantly between the course of the observation period within and over 5 years(P

Objective: To isolate and identify the structures of triterpenoids from the extract of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus fruits. Methods:The chemical constituents were systematically isolated by column chromatography and liquid chromatography, and their struc-tures were determined by spectral data including 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, HSQC and HMBC combined with ESI-MS. Results:Totally 8 trit-erpenoids compounds were isolated and identified from Acanthopanax sessiliflorus fruits, 22-α-hydroxychiisanogenin (1), chiisanogenin (2), 3-oxo-24-methylenecycloartan (3), mangiferonic acid (4), isomangiferolic acid (5), oleanolic acid (6), betulin (7) and betulin-ic acid (8). Conclusion:Compound 3, 4 and 5 are obtained from Acanthopanax genus for the first time.

Objective:To observe the effect of ankle stretching on ankle biomechanics, balance, walking ability and ability in the activities of daily living among stroke survivors.Methods:Eighteen hemiplegic stroke survivors were randomly divided into an experimental group ( n=9) and a control group ( n=9). In addition to routine medication and rehabilitation training, the experimental group received 20 minutes of ankle joint stretching daily while the control group underwent an additional twenty minutes of routine rehabilitation training. Before and after the treatment, both groups′ ankle joint stiffness (K), muscle strength, active range of motion (AROM) and passive range of motion (PROM) were evaluated. They were also assessed using the modified Ashworth scale (MAS), the Fugl-Meyer lower extremity assessment (FMA-LE), the Berg balance scale (BBS), the 6-minute walking test (6MWT) and the modified Barthel Index (MBI). Results:After two weeks of treatment significant improvement was observed in the AROM and muscle strength of both groups in dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. The average BBS and FMA-LE scores of both groups had also improved significantly. Significant improvement in the average PROM of plantarflexion and the K of dorsiflexion, as well as in average MBI score was observed only in the treatment group. After two weeks the treatment group′s average muscle strength in plantarflexion and dorsiflexion was significantly better than the control group′s.Conclusions:Stretching can reduce ankle stiffness, improve the range of motion, muscle strength, and ability of in the activities of daily living after a stroke.

Objective: To explore the prevalence and related factors of depressive symptoms in Chinese college students before and after the COVID-19 epidemic and to provide a reference for mental health education and management. Methods: Database of PubMed, Cochrane, CBM, WanFang, CNKI and CIP were searched for the studies on depressive symptoms in Chinese college students using the Self Rating Depression Scale (SDS) or the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). All the literatures were classified according to the publication time before and after the epidemic around January 2020. Meta analysis was performed by using Stata15.1. Results: There were 26 articles before the epidemic, with a total sample size of 76 816 participants, and 18 articles after the epidemic, with a total sample size of 102 653 participants . The detection rate of depressive symptoms in college students after the epidemic was higher than that before the epidemic (35.7%, 30.9%). Fifteen factors were included in the Meta analysis. There was a positive correlation between being third year in college and college students before the epidemic ( OR = 1.27 ). Before and after the epidemic, being fourth year in college，introvert personality，breakfast skipping，physically unhealthy，poor family economy，single parent，staying up late and poor sleep quality were all positively correlated with depression of college students ( OR =1.44，1.35；1.68，2.01；3.33，3.03；2.21，4.99；1.80，1.89；2.33，1.92；1.53，3.08；2.23，2.97), while high social support and physical exercise were negatively correlated with depression for depressive symptoms in college students( OR =0.57,0.55; 0.78, 0.60 )（ P ＜0.05）. Conclusion The detection rate of depressive symptoms among college students after the epidemic is higher. The effect of introversion, physical exercise, physically unhealthy, poor sleep quality and staying up late are higher after pandemic compared than before the epidemic. The targeted mental intervention and health education should be strengthened.