Objective To probe into the effect of the endotoxin(ET) on cellular immunity function of patients wih chronic hepatitis B.Methods 98 patients and 15 normal persons as control group were studied.Measurements of endotoxin,interleukin-2 and peripheral blood T lymphocyte subset were done.Results The level of endotoxin in patients was higher than that in controls(P

Objective To investigate the relationship between the genotype /sub -genotype and antiviral treatment.Methods The clinical data of 159 patients with chronic HBV infections were collected,who were treated by adefovir dipivoxil (10mg/d)or entecavir(0.5mg/d)according to the disease′s conditions.The genotypes and subtypes of hepatitis B virus were determined by Nested polymerase chain reaction(nt PCR).The levels of serum HBVDNA replication,ALT levels and HBV serologic markers were detected pre or post -treatment 24 weeks, 48 weeks.Observed the relationship between the HBV genotypes/sub -genotypes and the antiviral efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil or entecavir treatment.Results After 24 weeks of adefovir dipivoxil therapy,ALT normalization rate of subgenotype Ba and subgenotype C2 was 66.7% vs 66.2%(χ2 =0.74,P >0.05),HBeAg negative conversion rate of two subgenotypes was 27.3% vs 23.1%(χ2 =0.10,P >0.05),HBVDNA negative conversion rate of two sub genotype Ba and subgenotype C2 was 33.3% vs 30.9%(χ2 =0.03,P >0.05),respectively.After treatment for 48 weeks,ALT normalization rates of subgenotype Ba and subgenotype C2 were 83.3% vs 82.4%(χ2 =0.01,P >0.05),HBeAg negative conversion rates of two subgenotypes were 45.5% vs 34.4%(χ2 =0.49,P >0.05 ),HBVDNA negative conversion rates of two subgenotypes were 58.3% vs 48.5%(χ2 =0.39,P >0.05).After 24 weeks of entecavir therapy, ALT normalization rates of subgenotype Ba and subgenotype C2 were 71.4% vs 69.6%(χ2 =0.02,P >0.05 ), HBeAg negative conversion rates of two subgenotypes were 33.3% vs 30.8%(χ2 =0.03,P >0.05 ),HBVDNA negative conversion rates of two subgenotypes were 42.9% vs 39.3%(χ2 =0.06,P >0.05 ),respectively.After treatment for 48 weeks,ALT normali zation rates of subgenotype Ba and subgenotype C2 were 85.7% vs 83.9%(χ2 =0.03,P >0.05),HBeAg negative conversion rates of two subgenotypes were 50.0% vs 44.9%(χ2 =0.10, P >0.05),HBVDNA negative conversion rates of two subgenotypes were 71.4%vs 67.8%(χ2 =0.07,P >0.05). Conclusion The study showed that genotype C(C2)is a predominant HBV genotype among people with chronic HBV infections in Shanxi province.HBV subgenotypes Ba and C2 have no significant difference in virologic,biochemi-cal,and immunologic response to ADV or ETV.

Currently,there are a lot of targets for the treatment of HBV infection,both for the host,and for the virus itself.However,existed clinical drugs can only control HBV infection,and can not remove the HBV,especially cccDNA.Therefore,the chronic persistent infection caused by HBV related diseases is still seriously threat to human health.People are still impatient for the development of new effective anti-HBV drugs.In this paper,we review the recent research of the anti-hepatitis B virus based on the host as the target.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of citalopram on alleviating painful symptoms in type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM) patients with complication of painful peripheral neuropathy.Methods Thirty-eight type 2 DM patients with painful peripheral neuropathy were randomly divided into control group(eighteen patients) and treatment group(twenty patients).The diabetes control(including fasting blood glucose) and general health state(including body mass index,liver function,renal function) of patients were recorded.Patients in control group were given conventional drugs(including hypoglycemic drugs,anodyne,neurotrophy drugs,antiplatelet drugs),and those in treatment group received conventional drugs plus antidepressant drugs(citalopram,20mg,q.i.d.for 14 days).Hamilton Depression Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD-17) was used to assess the depressive symptoms,and numeric pain intensity scale(NPIS) was used to assess the pain intensity on baseline and the 1st,7th and 14th day.At the same time,the levels of analgesic agents were recorded.Results On the 7th and 14th day,the HAMD-17 scores in treatment group(22.14?8.92,18.69?9.4) were significantly lowered compared with that in control group(26.81?9.79,25.71?9.92),P

OBJECTIVE To observe the changes of GABA and Glu in rat inferior colliculus following unilateral cochlear ablation and explore the function and significance of GABA and Glu in reorganization of auditory center after deafferentation. METHODS Twenty-five Sprangue Dawley (SD) rats were divided randomly into 5 groups. The content of GABA and Glu were measured by 835-50 type Amino Acid Automatism Analyzer and compared at 1 week, 2 week and 1 month after unilateral cochlear ablation respectively. RESULTS Compared with sham operated groups, the content levels of GABA decreased (from 78.00?7.50 to 51.65?10.36, about decreasing 33.6 %)1 week after unilateral cochlear ablation and there was a significant difference in GABA levels between 2 groups(P0.05). CONCLUSION The dynamic change of GABA and Glu in rat inferior colliculus reflected the neuronal activity, which implied both GABA and Glu may play an important role in reorganization of auditory center after unilateral cochlea ablation.

OBJECTIVE:To probe the role of responsible pharmacist on irrational medical order intervention in Pharmacy Intra-venous Admixture Service (PIVAS),and to improve rational drug use in our hospital. METHODS:501 115 medical orders from PIVAS of our hospital during Jan.-Jun. 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. Irrational medical orders of 499 189 medical orders dur-ing Jul.-Dec. 2013 were classified and summarized after the establishment of responsible pharmacists system and pharmacist inter-vention. RESULTS:The number of irrational medical orders was 918(0.183 2%),and decreased to 448(0.089 7%)after interven-tion. Irrational medical orders of solvent selection reduced from 134(0.026 7%)to 69(0.013 8%);irrational medical orders of sol-vent volume reduced from 435(0.086 8%) to 206(0.041 3%);irrational medical orders of drug dosage reduced from 241(0.048 1%)to 117(0.023 4%);irrational medical orders of drug compatibility reduced from 51(0.010 2%)to 28(0.005 6%);irrational medical orders of dosing frequency reduced from 17(0.003 4%)to 2(0.000 4%). CONCLUSIONS:What responsible pharmacists intervened in the irrational doctor’s orders of intravenous drip was effective and feasible in PIVAS,improved rational drug use and guaranteed the safety of drug use.

Objective To compare the influence of different genotypes of hepatitis B virus to the body's immune function.Methods 377 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (serum HBV DNA are all positive)were selected.The serum specimens were collected.Nest PCR method was used to detect all entrants subtype HBV genotypes,ELISA method was used to detect serum levels of IL -10 and IL -17,fully automatic biochemical instrument was used to test all entrants liver function.Results Of 377 patients with chronic hepatitis B,C genotype in 323 cases,C2 type in 321 cases (85.1%),C1 type 2 cases (0.5%);Genotype B 41 cases (10.9%),were B2 subtype;B and C mixed 12 cases (3.2%);Type D in 1 case (0.3%).The sex,age,ALT,AST,TBIL of B2,C2 subtypes,BC mixed infection had no statistically significant differences.B2,C2 subtypes,BC mixed infection had no statistically significant difference in serum IL -17 level.And B2,C2 subtype infection had statistically significant difference in IL -10 level (F =0.444,P <0.05).Conclusion Different genotype HBV subtypes may have different effect to the body's immune function.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming the most common chronic liver disease in the world. From the perspective of its disease spectrum, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a form of disease progression and can progress to liver fibrosis, leading to NAFLD-related liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. NASH-related liver fibrosis is closely associated with prognosis, and effective measures are urgently needed for the diagnosis and intervention of disease progression. This article summarizes the research advances in the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD-related liver fibrosis.

BACKGROUND:Neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine can induce the clinical, biochemical and pathological characteristics similar to those observed in primary Parkinson’s disease. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells of Parkinson’s disease model mice and the mood change.
METHODS:A total of 72 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups:normal saline group, Parkinson’s disease model group (model group), sham-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation group (sham group) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation group. The mice received 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine injection×4 to establish acute Parkinson’s disease models. The mice in the normal saline group were injected the same volume saline. And 24 hours after the last injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3, 6-tetrahydropyridine, the mice in the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation group received five trains of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, 1 Hz for 25 seconds, at an intensity of 1 Tesla daily for 1, 3, 7 consecutive days. Sham group mice were not exposed to the magnetic field. No treatment was performed in the mice of model group. The mood change was evaluated using the elevated-plus maze testing before and after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment. The change in expression of nestin in the subventricular zone was observed by using immunohistochemical technique.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Elevated-plus maze testing:There was no statistical significance about percentage of opening arm time accounting for total time among groups and at different time points in each group, but after stimulation, the percentage of opening arm time accounting for total time showed a declined tendency. (2) The results of nestin immunohistochemical staining:Compared to the normal saline group, the number of nestin-positive cells of the model group was increased at days 3 and 7, and there was no statistical significance in the number of nestin-positive cells between model group and sham group;Compared to the sham group and model group, the number of nestin-positive cells of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation group were evidently increased;The proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells was time-dependent, endogenous neural stem cells exhibited outward migration gradual y along the certain way, and some cells were able to migrate to the corpus cal osum at day 3, and even to the cerebral cortex at day 7. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can promote the endogenous neural stem cells in a time-depended manner.

Objective Using shotgun mass spectrometry to detect proteins probably contained in bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs) conditioned medium. MethodsMixed with BMSCs conditioned medium was divided into two parts which is(>5kD and <5kD) by means of ultrafiltration. The two parts were used to culture neural stem cells(NSCs) separately, and the proportions of neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the offsprings of NSCs were calculated, then the effective part that could regulate the differentiation of NSCs was detected by Shotgun mass spectrometry. Results The BMSCs conditioned medium which is >5kD could promote the NSCs differentiate into more neurons and oligodendrocytes. The SDS-PAGE of this part showed that the most proteins were above 14kD, then the protein bands were enzymed. In total, 456 proteins were identified by Shotgun mass spectrometry after all the protein bands were enzymed, there were 154 similar proteins, 17 hypothetical proteins and 56 unknown proteins. And in the rest of 229 proteins, most of them were cytoskeletal proteins, secreted proteins, signal transduction proteins, enzymes, transporter and so on. Conclusion Many proteins secreted by BMSCs could regulate the differentiation of NSCs so as to prove the protein components probably existed in the BMSCs conditioned medium.