Objective To explore the effect of pH on the mutagenic potency of ICR-170 in the reproductive gland of female Schistosoma japonicum.Methods Mice of Kunming strain were infected with S.japonicum cercariae which were previously treated with acridine mutagen ICP-170 at various pH values(pH7.2-8.0) for 30 min or 45 min. Results The pH of the solution had significant effects on the mutagenic potency of ICR-170 in female S.japonicum. When the pH value increased from pH 7.2 to pH 8.0,the percent of mutation of female reproductive organs decreased. The highest mutagenic rate of ICR-170 occurred at pH 7.2,which was 13 times of that at pH 7.8 in the group of 10 ?g/ml 45 min,6 times in the group of 15 ?g/ml 30 min. However,pH value had lower effect on recovery of adult warms compared with mutagenicity. Conclusion The mutagenic potency of ICR-170 is strongly pH-dependent in the reproductive glands of female S.japonicum.

AIM: To investigate the effect of soybean isoflavones (SI) on ventricular remodeling induced by myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS: MI was induced by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in male Sprague-Dawley (SD)rats. Rats were randomly divided into six groups: shamThree hours after the operation, the drugs or solvent were administrated ig qd for 35 d. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, heart rate (HR), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), peak systolic left ventricular pressure (Peak), maximal rate of left ventricular pressure rising (+dp/dtmax), maximal rate of left ventricular pressure declining (-dp/dtmax) and myocardial maximal shortening velocity (Vmax) were measured. After above hemodynamic parameters were measured, hearts were extracted. The ratio of total ventricle weight to body weight(TVW/BW) was calculated. Myocardial collagen was shown with the collagen-specific picrosirius red stain,myocardial interstitial collagen volume fraction(ICVF), perivascular collagen volume fraction(PCVF), infarct size,septal thickness (ST) and left ventricular diameter (LVD) were measured by image analysis system. RESULTS:(31 ± 5) %, respectively, all of which were significantly smaller than that in MI group (( 38.9 ± 2.9) %, P ＜ 0.01 ).In MI group, TVW/BW, LVD, ICVF and PCVF were remarkably increased compared with those in sham group (P ＜ 0.01 ). The increased TVW/BW, LVD, ICVF and PCVF were significantly reduced by treatment with eaprats in MI group was significantly decreased than that in sham group (P ＜ 0.01 ). The reduced ST could be in-dp/dtmax and Vmax were decreased (P ＜ 0.01 ), while LVEDP was increased (P ＜ 0.01 ), significantly. The reSION: SI can improve cardiac function and ventricular remodeling induced by myocardial infarction in the rat.

AIM: To study the effect of genistein on c-myc mRNA expression induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in human vascular endothelial cells (ECV304). METHODS: LDL were isolated from healthy human plasma by gradient ultracentrifugation and oxidized by CuSO4. ECV304 cells were exposed to ox-LDL 200 mg*L-1 in the presence or absence of genistein 100 μmol*L-1 for 1, 2, and 4 h in vitro. Northern blot was employed to measure c-myc mRNA levels of ECV304. RESULTS: In response to ox-LDL 200 mg*L-1, c-myc mRNA expression in ECV304 increased by 3 fold for 1h and 3.3 fold for 2 h and decreased below the control level at 4 h. Expressions of c-myc stimulated by ox-LDL in the presence of genistein 100 μmol*L-1 for 1 h and 2 h were separately 80 percent and 60 percent of that in the absence of genistein 100 μmol*L-1. CONCLUSION: Genistein can effectively inhibit c-myc mRNA expression in ECV304 induced by ox-LDL.

Mice of Kunming strain were infected with Schistosoma japonicum cercariae previously incubated with various concentrations of acridine mutagen ICR-170 for different time durations. At 6 weeks after infection, the mice were autopsied. The results showed that 24 out of 28(85. 7%) adult female worms had deformed or lacked ovaries and vitelline glands when the cercariae were treated with the agent at a concentration of 10?g/ml and incubated at 30. 5℃ for 30min. No apparnet changes were observed in the male worms inhabiting the mesenteric and portal veins with the females worms in their gynecophoral canals. The mutagenized female schistosomes obtained from the present experiment might be served as another form of attenuated worms for the induction of protective immunity.

AIM: To analyse quantitatively the interactions among ethanol, chloral hydrate and naloxone with isobologram, Q-test and multiple logistic regression methods. METHODS: The hypnotic effects of the three drugs on Kunming mice were observed. In two drugs interaction study, chloral hydrate and ethanol were given at different ratios (25∶75, 50∶50, 78∶22 and 80∶20). In three drugs interactions study, 15 min after treatment of naloxone at fixed dose (0.5 mg*kg-1 and 0.2 mg*kg-1) the mixture of chloral hydrate and ethanol (at 1∶1 and 1∶3 ratio) was given to induce sleep. The ED50 for hypnotic action (righting reflex loss) of chloral hydrate, ethanol, naloxone and their mixtures were calculated by use of isobologram, interaction Q-index test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The mixtures of ethanol and chloral hydrate in all ratios revealed partial but significant synergism. But in addition with naloxone the three agents showed different natures of interactions according to different naloxone levels. CONCLUSION: There are synergistic interactions in hypnotic ED50s between ethanol and chloral hydrate at different ratios and antagonistic interaction in adding a fixed dose of naloxone. The results coincide with the pharmacologistic mechanism discussed in this paper.

Objective To detect the serum 25- OH-D levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and investigate the function of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of SLE. Methods Eighty SLE patients including 40 healthy donors and 40 RA (rheumatoid arthritis) patients were enrolled in this study. Serum 25-OH-D levels were detected with ECL method. Results (1)Serum 25-OH-D levels in patients with active SLE were lower than those with inactive SLE patients and healthy controls. (2)Serum 25-OH-D levels were negatively correlated with SLEDAI (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index) scores (r = -0.45,P < 0.01) and 24-hours urinary protein excretion (r = -0.32,P < 0.05). Conclusion Serum 25-OH-D levels in SLE patients decrease and have close relationship with disease activity and renal lesions.

Objective:To investigate the immune effects of Clostridium difficile toxoid B (CdtB) vaccine formulated with different mucosal adjuvants through microneedle immunization, and to provide ideas for the prevention and treatment of Clostridium difficile infection. Methods:CdtB vaccine was prepared with purified Clostridium difficile toxin B(TcdB) after formaldehyde detoxification. Female BALB/c mice were immunized with different doses of vaccine alone or in combination with mucosal adjuvants. The titers of specific serum IgG and fecal IgA were detected at 0 d, 7 d, 14 d, 28 d and 42 d after immunization. The protective effects of CdtB vaccine were evaluated by cell neutralization assay and Clostridium difficile challenge infection. Results:(1) With the increase of immune dose, the mice immunized with CdtB vaccine alone by microneedle not only produced better serum specific IgG, but also had higher level of IgA in feces. (2) When the mice were immunized with CdtB vaccine containing LT or CTB adjuvant by microneedle, the trend of serum specific IgG titer in each group increased with the increase of immune dose, especially in the group containing LT adjuvant. There were significant differences in the trend of specific IgA titer in feces between the adjuvant groups and the group without adjuvant, but the adjuvant effect was not obvious. (3) No significant difference in serum IgG titer was observed between the mice immunized with 10 μg CdtB by microneedle or intraperitoneal injection, but microneedle immunization significantly increased fecal IgA level. (4) The neutralization titers of specific antibodies in mouse serum after immunization and the test results of challenge protection in mice confirmed that the use of CdtB vaccine had certain protective effects.Conclusions:CdtB vaccine had better immune effects in mice through microneedle immunization, but the adjuvant effects of LT and CTB were not significant.

Alzheimer's disease （AD） is a common degenerative disease of the central nervous system in the elderly， with memory impairment and behavioral changes as the main clinical manifestations. Modern research has demonstrated that many herbs with both medicinal and edible values have anti-oxidation and anti-aging activities. In addition， these herbs are naturally safe and play a role in disease prevention and health care. The 110 medicinal and edible herbs announced by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic ofChina in 2021 were studied. The relevant papers published in the last five years were searched against CNKI， VIP， Wanfang Data， PubMed and other databases. The effects， mechanism， and active ingredients of the medicinal and edible herbs against Alzheimer's disease were summarized. The results showed that more than 30 herbs including Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， Curcumae Longae Rhizoma， Astragali Radix， Corni Fructus， Gastrodiae Rhizoma， Angelicae Sinensis Radix， Cistanches Herba， Croci Stigma， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Ganoderma and their active ingredients were effective in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Among them， ten herbs that met the requirements were screened out for analysis. The medicinal and edible herbs and their active ingredients can act on multiple targets and treat Alzheimer's disease via multiple signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， mitogen-activated protein kinase 5 （MEK5）/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 （ERK5）， cytochrome C （CytC） and cysteine aspartate-specific protease （Caspase）-3/（Caspase）-9， Wnt/β-catenin， and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）/tyrosine kinase receptor B （TrkB）/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）， thus improving learning， cognitive ability， and memory ability. Most of the medicinal and edible herbs have the tropism to the heart， spleen， liver， and kidney meridians and tonifying effect.